scholarly journals Evaluation of Rice Landraces for Brown Planthopper Resistance Based on Phenotypic Reactions and Biochemical Attributes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debashis Roy ◽  
Abhisek Biswas ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
Gautam Chakraborty ◽  
Pijush Kanti Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Rice Landraces ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance ◽  
Adult Preference ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Brown planthopper (BPH), [Nilaparvata lugens (Stål.)] is an economically important pest of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia, where the damage caused by nymphs and adults, especially during post-tillering to milking stages, significantly reduces grain yield. There is, thus, a pressing need to develop varieties that are resistant to BPH. In this study, the reaction of various rice landraces from Indian origin were assessed (both phenotypically and biochemically) in response to BPH infestation. It was found that the landraces, viz. Badshabhog, Gamra, Haldichuri, Janglijata, Kalabhat, Khara, Adanshilpa, Chikonmashuri, Kerala sundari and Lal dudheshwar exhibited resistance to BPH consistently along with the standard check Ptb33, for three consecutive years under both greenhouse and open-field conditions. These phenotypically resistant rice landraces including Ptb33 exhibited lowest feeding rate, least nymphal and adult preference, minimum survival and higher frequency (%) of unhatched eggs when compared with the susceptible check (Swarna). Higher levels ascorbic acid, oxalic acid (OA), crude silica (CS), while lower levels of phenols, reducing sugar and total free amino acid (TFA) were expressed in un-infested resistant and moderately resistant landraces. The resistant plants exposed to herbivory by BPH produced higher levels of phenolic compounds, potassium and TFA than plants of susceptible cultivar Swarna. The feeding rate, settling behaviour and survivability of BPH correlated significantly and negatively with OA and CS, whereas the latter showed a significant and positive correlation with egg hatchability.

Relationships of brown planthopper resistance to tungro virus and grain characteristics in rice

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. V. Prasad ◽  
M. V. S. Sastry ◽  
J. R. K. Rao ◽  
A. Ghosh ◽  
Y. Kondala Rao
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Genetics Of Resistance ◽  
Green Leafhopper ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal), is one of the most serious insect pests of rice (Oryza sativa L.) throughout Asia. Introduction of resistant varieties could be an effective means of minimizing losses from the pest. Several hundred rice cultivars resistant to the pest have been identified and the genetics of resistance has been analysed. Studies have shown that the genes for resistance to brown planthopper, bph-4, and to green leafhopper, Glh-3, are linked (Sidhu & Khush, 1979). Ideka & Kaneda (1983) reported that bph-2 for brown planthopper resistance was linked with the gene d2 for dwarfness. The present study sought to ascertain relationships between resistance to brown planthopper and tungro virus and grain characteristics.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF POPULATION DENSITY AND HOST AVAILABILITY ON THE MIGRATION PROCESS OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER FED USING SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT RICE VARIETIES (PENGARUH KEPADATAN POPULASI DAN KETERSEDIAAN PAKAN TERHADAP PROSES MIGRASI WERENG BATANG COKELAT PADA PADI VARIETAS RENTAN DAN TAHAN)

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Imam Habibi ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Arman Wijonarko
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Host Availability ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Field Failure

Brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), is an important pest of rice. This pest can cause hopperburn and field failure. This research aimed to determine the effects of population density and host availability on migration of N. lugens. The criteria used to justify the effects of host availability and population density on migration of N. lugens were based the hardness and tannin tests of the rice stems, fecundity of N. lugens, and the life cycle of N. lugens. The research was conducted under the temperature of 29.42°C with relative humidity of 61% and Light 12: Dark 12 times, using ten pairs of N. lugens brachypterous (F0 constant) and then was added with five male adults on fifth days after the first infestation (F0 changed). The varieties used were IR64, as a resistant variety, and Ketan Lusi, as a susceptible variety. The results showed that the adding of the macropterous males did not affect the number of macropterous, because of that has been preplanned by the F0. Therefore, the percentage of existing macropterous was 51−52%. Wereng Batang Cokelat (WBC) merupakan salah satu hama tanaman padi yang sangat penting. Kerusakan parah dapat menyebabkan hopperburn dan puso (gagal panen). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan populasi dan tanaman inang sebagai tempat migrasi WBC. Parameter yang dikaji untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepadatan populasi WBC dan tanaman inang tempat migrasi WBC berdasarkan tingkat kekerasan dan kandungan tanin batang tanaman padi, fekunditas WBC, dan siklus hidup WBC. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada temperatur 29.42˚C dengan kelembapan relatif 61% dan durasi siang hari 12 jam: durasi malam hari 12 jam. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan 10 pasang imago WBC brakhiptera (F0 konstan), kemudian dilakukan penambahan 5 ekor imago jantan pada hari kelima setelah infestasi awal (F0 diubah). Varietas padi yang digunakan yaitu padi varietas IR64 sebagai varietas tahan dan ketan Lusi sebagai varietas rentan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan imago jantan makroptera tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah keturunan makroptera yang dihasilkan, karena imago (F0) telah merencanakan terlebih dahulu keturunan yang akan dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, persentase terbentuk keturunan imago makroptera berkisar antara 51−52%. 

Two novel cytochrome P450 genesCYP6CS1andCYP6CW1fromNilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae): cDNA cloning and induction by host resistant rice

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Yang ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
X. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Fat Bodies ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Two novel full-length P450 cDNAs,CYP6CS1andCYP6CW1, were cloned from the fourth instar nymphs of brown planthopperNilaparvata lugensStål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) reared on its susceptible rice variety Taichung Native 1 (TN1) plants. The deduced proteins are typical microsomal P450s sharing conserved structural and functional domains with other insect CYP6 members. Temporal expression analysis by northern blot hybridization indicated pre-exposure toN.lugensmoderately resistant rice Minghui 63 (MH63) seedlings caused a time course-dependent induction ofCYP6CS1which peaked after 24 h of treatment; in contrast,CYP6CW1was induced and remained at a constant time course from 0–72 h.CYP6CS1andCYP6CW1are dramatically induced in gut tissues and, slightly upregulated in carcass and fat bodies as revealed in spatial gene expression analysis. Whole mountin situhybridizaion revealed that the two genes are expressed at a basal level in gut tissue and Malpighian tubules in nymphs fed with TN1 rice. After exposure to MH63, the expression ofCYP6CW1was found to be high in the whole gut, including Malpighian tubules. Expression ofCYP6CS1was significantly increased in midgut, and slightly increased in foregut, hindgut and Malpighian tubules. These data suggest a potential role of the two P450s in determining patterns ofN. lugens-rice relationships through allelochemical detoxification.

scholarly journals Salivary Protein NlSP7 of The Brown Planthopper Functions As An Effector for Mediating Tricin Metabolism in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gu Gong ◽  
Long-Yu Yuan ◽  
Yi-Feng Li ◽  
Hang-Xiang Xiao ◽  
Yan-Fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Rice Plant ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Important Pest

Abstract The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is an important pest that affects rice (Oryza sativa) production in Asia. The flavone tricin (5,7,4ʹ-trihydroxy-3ʹ,5ʹ-dimethoxy flavone) is a valuable secondary metabolite commonly found in rice plants that can defend rice plants against infestation by BPH. BPH damage can reduce the metabolic level of tricin in rice. Our preliminary transcriptome research results showed that BPH salivary protein 7, NlSP7, is highly responsive to tricin stimuli. However, the function of NlSP7 in mediating the interaction between the rice plant and the BPH is unknown. In this study, we cloned the NlSP7 gene in N. lugens and found that its mRNA level was greater in the presence of high tricin content than low tricin content, regardless of whether the BPHs were fed a rice plant diet or an artificial diet containing 100 mg/L tricin. Knocking down NlSP7 resulted in BPH individuals spending more time in the non-penetration and pathway phase, and less time feeding on the phloem of rice plants. These changes decreased BPH food intake, feeding behavior, and fitness, as well as the tricin content of the rice plants. These findings demonstrate that the salivary protein NlSP7 of BPH functions as an effector for tricin metabolism in rice.

scholarly journals Parasitism of The Rice Brown Planthopper Eggs in Various Periods of Time of The Day

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Siti Haryati ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Parasitism Level ◽  
Peak Abundance ◽  
Rice Ecosystem

The rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is an important pest of rice. Since at the early stage, this pest is infested by parasitoids, but most cultural practices do not consider the existences of parasitoids in rice ecosystem. This study was aimed to determine the level of parasitism on N. lugens with regard to the time of the day. This information would be useful to minimize the effect of insecticide application to the parasitoids. Trapping  of  egg parasitoids in rice ecosystem was conducted every two hours from 05.00 a.m. until 04.00 p.m. Parasitism occured as early as at 05.00 a.m. (12.26% of the total parasitoid found), reached the peak abundance at 11.00 a.m. (36.13%), and decreased at 01.00 p.m. The parasitism level varied from 1.12 to 8.51% at 66 days after planting. The highest number of parasitoids and the highest parasitism level occured when trapping was conducted between 11.00 a.m.−01.00 p.m.. Before and after this period of time, the number of parasitoid emerged and parasitism were low. This suggest that if insecticide is necessary, it should be applied in the early morning or late afternoon. INTISARIWereng batang padi cokelat, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), merupakan salah satu hama penting padi. Praktik budidaya pertanian padi belum memperhatikan aktivitas parasitoid dalam ekosistem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat parasitasi telur N. lugens pada beberapa waktu dalam sehari. Informasi ini akan bermanfaat untuk mengurangi dampak aplikasi insektisida terhadap parasitoid. Pemerangkapan parasitoid telur N. lugens di lahan padi dilakukan setiap dua jam yang dimulai pada pukul 05.00 sampai pukul 16.00. Parasitoid telur N. lugens mulai aktif pada pukul 05.00 (12,26%), mencapai puncaknya pukul 11.00 (36,13%), dan mulai mengalami penurunan pada pukul 13.00. Tingkat parasitasi pada tanaman padi umur 66 hari setelah tanam berkisar mulai 1,12−8,51%. Hasil pemerangkapan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah parasitoid yang paling banyak muncul dan tingkat parasitisme tinggi terjadi pada waktu pemerangkapan yang dilakukan pada pukul 11.00−13.00. Sebelum dan sesudah waktu pemerangkapan tersebut jumlah parasitoid dan tingkat parasitisme rendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa apabila aplikasi insektisida diperlukan, maka harus dilakukan di pagi hari atau sore hari. 

scholarly journals Resistance of DB1 Transgenic Rice Line and others against Nilaparvata lugens, Brown Planthopper

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Nono Carsono
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Rice ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Rice Line ◽  
Transgenic Rice Line ◽  
Honeydew Excretion ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), brown planthopper (BPH) is as a major pest of rice crop. Developing rice resistant to BPH is an economically and environmentally friendly approach. A transgenic rice line with DB1 (Dioscorea batatas tuber lectin 1) transgene has been engineered to overcome the problem. The objective of the experiment was to obtain the level of resistance of a DB1 rice line (DB1-inserted cv. Taichung 65) and some rice genotypes against two colonies of BPH. Resistance study was performed in BPH’s preference, honeydew excretion, crop damage, and population development. The resistant test was carried out using two biotypes BPH i.e., biotype 2 (Sukamandi) and biotype 3 (North Sumatera). The result showed that DB1 transgenic rice was moderately resistant to biotype 2, while to be susceptible when invested to biotype 3, indicating that the DB1 gene increases the resistance level, from susceptible to moderately resistant. All tested genotypes were chosen by biotype 2 for laying eggs, while for biotype 3 preferred five genotypes (DB1 transgenic line, PTB-33, Babawee, IR-64 dan IR-42). Genotype significantly differed on number of BPH and was considerably lower on PTB-33 than the others. Honeydew excretion of genotypes showed equal on biotype 2 and 3, except on biotype 3 of IR 42 (susceptible to BPH) which showing high amount of feces. PTB 33 had lower BPH population as compared to others, indicating high resistance to BPH of biotype 2 and 3 from Indonesia. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

Variety-related feeding patterns in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), on its host, the rice plant

1988 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Padgham ◽  
S. Woodhead
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Sources Of Variation ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Honeydew Excretion ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens Stål ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AbstractMajor potential sources of variation in the feeding of Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) which are not host-dependant are those related to time, i.e. the age of the insect, the length of time the insect is in association with the plant and the time of day. These parameters were investigated with a susceptible, a moderately resistant and a resistant rice variety using honeydew clocks for the collection of honeydew excretion data. It is concluded that there are non-circadian patterns of honeydew excretion which are related to the degree of resistance of the variety and that such feeding and excretion patterns can be used to characterize the relationship between insect populations and rice varieties.

scholarly journals Overexpression of an Osa-miR162a Derivative in Rice Confers Cross-Kingdom RNA Interference-Mediated Brown Planthopper Resistance without Perturbing Host Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (23) ◽  
pp. 12652
Author(s):  
Wenzhong Shen ◽  
Shanni Cao ◽  
Jinhui Liu ◽  
Wenqing Zhang ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Brown Planthopper Resistance ◽  
Global Population ◽  
Host Development

Rice is a main food crop for more than half of the global population. The brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) is one of the most destructive insect pests of rice. Currently, repeated overuse of chemical insecticides represents a common practice in agriculture for BPH control, which can induce insect tolerance and provoke environmental concerns. This situation calls for innovative and widely applicable strategies for rice protection against BPH. Here we report that the rice osa-miR162a can mediate cross-kingdom RNA interference (RNAi) by targeting the NlTOR (Target of rapamycin) gene of BPH that regulates the reproduction process. Through artificial diet or injection, osa-miR162a mimics repressed the NlTOR expression and impaired the oviposition of BPH adults. Consistently, overproduced osa-miR162a in transgenic rice plants compromised the fecundity of BPH adults fed with these plants, but meanwhile perturbed root and grain development. To circumvent this issue, we generated osa-miR162a-m1, a sequence-optimized osa-miR162a, by decreasing base complementarity to rice endogenous target genes while increasing base complementarity to NlTOR. Transgenic overexpression of osa-miR162a-m1 conferred rice resistance to BPH without detectable developmental penalty. This work reveals the first cross-kingdom RNAi mechanism in rice-BPH interactions and inspires a potentially useful approach for improving rice resistance to BPH. We also introduce an effective strategy to uncouple unwanted host developmental perturbation from desirable cross-kingdom RNAi benefits for overexpressed plant miRNAs.

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