scholarly journals Cow dung and tea waste amendments enhance the biotransformation of textile mill sludge into vermicomposts using Eisenia fetida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Kumar Badhwar ◽  
Charanjit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Tea Waste ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Abstract Vermicomposting of textile mill sludge (TMS) with cow dung (CD) and tea waste (TW) as amendments was done in seven different combinations using Eisenia fetida for 90 days. Results revealed that pH decreased from 7.68–8.63 to 7.09–7.59. TOC content and C/N ratio reductions were in range of 15.71–20.08% and 39.33–50.05% respectively (P < 0.05). The macronutrients in the form of TN, TP and TK increased 0.38–0.64 folds, 1.07–2.27 folds and 0.56–1.98 folds respectively after the end of bioconversion process (P < 0.05), among increases in ash content and EC. The biomass and cocoon production of E.fetida increased significantly (P < 0.05), while increasing mortality rate of earthworms was observed in treatments containing 50% or more TMS content. The bacterial population beneficial for degradation of organic matter increased significantly over initial substrates (P < 0.05). Increased humification index in the end product indicated better maturity of vermicompost as observed in treatments containing higher proportions of amendments. The addition of amendments favored earthworm activity which significantly decreased the heavy metal concentration (Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn) in the end product. The study concluded that sustainable utilization of TMS could be achieved for the cleaner and enriched vermicompost production by addition of amendments CD and TW in proportions of 50% and above.

Comparative evaluation of epigeic earthworm species suggests better nutrient mineralization efficiency of vegetable market solid waste by Eisenia fetida

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Mukesh K. Meghvansi ◽  
Mohammad Haneef Khan ◽  
Rajeev Gupta ◽  
Vijay Veer
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
Nutrient Mineralization ◽  
Waste Degradation

The current study was carried out for the purpose of comparative evaluation of vegetable market waste degradation potential of three earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Perionyx excavatus and Eudrilus eugeniae). The vegetable waste used as substrate in this study was collected from Mission Chariali vegetable market in Tezpur, Assam, India. Non-biodegradable materials such as polythenes, plastic etc. were segregated and organic waste was sun-dried. Cow dung was mixed with the substrate in 1:3 proportion and subjected to vermicomposting with three earthworms species separately. The data on physicochemical properties of the compost bed along with earthworm activity were collected every 10 days interval. The experiment was continued until 70 days. Analysis of the data indicated that E. fetida posed maximal nutrient mineralization and reduction in C:N ratio when compared with the data of day 0 with of day 70. Also, the values of vermicomposting coefficient were maximum for E. fetida. Moreover, the mean individual weight of E. fetida was also maximum during the decomposition period. Although Eu. eugeniae increased in total biomass much more rapidly than E. fetida, nevertheless, the cocoon production rate was greatest (78.67) in case of E. fetida, indicating the differential resource allocation with trade-off between sex alloca-tion and growth by Eu. eugeniae in a non-conducive environment during its life cycle. Overall, the results indicate suitability of E. fetida for vegetable waste degradation.

Seasonal activity and estivation of lumbricid earthworms in the midlands of Tasmania

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Garnsey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Lumbricus Rubellus ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Cocoon Production ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Earthworm Activity

Earthworms have the ability to alleviate many soil degradational problems in Australia. An attempt to optimize this resource requires fundamental understanding of earthworm ecology. This study reports the seasonal changes in earthworm populations in the Midlands of Tasmania (<600 mm rainfall p.a.), and examines, for the first time in Australia, the behaviour and survival rates of aestivating earthworms. Earthworms were sampled from 14 permanent pastures in the Midlands from May 1992 to February 1994. Earthworm activity was significantly correlated with soil moisture; maximum earthworm activity in the surface soil was evident during the wetter months of winter and early spring, followed by aestivation in the surface and subsoils during the drier summer months. The two most abundant earthworm species found in the Midlands were Aporrectodea caliginosa (maximum of 174.8 m-2 or 55.06 g m-2) and A. trapezoides (86 m-2 or 52.03 g m-2), with low numbers of Octolasion cyaneum, Lumbricus rubellus and A. rosea. The phenology of A. caliginosa relating to rainfall contrasted with that of A. trapezoides in this study. A caliginosa was particularly dependent upon rainfall in the Midlands: population density, cocoon production and adult development of A. caliginosa were reduced as rainfall reduced from 600 to 425 mm p.a. In contrast, the density and biomass of A. trapezoides were unaffected by rainfall over the same range: cocoon production and adult development continued regardless of rainfall. The depth of earthworm aestivation during the summers of 1992-94 was similar in each year. Most individuals were in aestivation at a depth of 150-200 mm, regardless of species, soil moisture or texture. Smaller aestivating individuals were located nearer the soil surface, as was shown by an increase in mean mass of aestivating individuals with depth. There was a high mortality associated with summer aestivation of up to 60% for juvenile, and 63% for adult earthworms in 1993 in the Midlands. Cocoons did not survive during the summers of 1992 or 1994, but were recovered in 1993, possibly due to the influence of rainfall during late winter and early spring.

scholarly journals Effect of Lignite Fly Ash on the Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm Eisenia fetida

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarojini ◽  
S. Ananthakrishnasamy ◽  
G. Manimegala ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
G. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Fly ash is an amorphous ferroalumino silicate, an important solid waste around thermal power plants. It creates problems leading to environmental degradation due to improper utilization or disposal. However, fly ash is a useful ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and is a source of readily available plant macro and micronutrients when it is used with biosolids. Supply of nutrients from fly ash with biosolids may enhance their agricultural use. The growth and reproduction ofEisenia fetidawas studied during vermicomposting of fly ash with cowdung and pressmud in four different proportions (T1,T2,T3& T4) and one controli.e.,cow dung and pressmud alone. The growth, cocoon and hatchlings production were observed at the interval of 15 days over a period of 60 days. The maximum worm growth and reproduction was observed in bedding material alone. Next to that the T1was observed as the best mixture for vermiculture.

scholarly journals Assessment of sustainable vermiconversion of water hyacinth by Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
N. Kannadasan ◽  
Nirmala Natarajan ◽  
N. Anbusaravanan ◽  
P. Sekar ◽  
R. Krishnamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Eudrilus Eugeniae ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes

The present work has assessed sustainable vermiconversion of aquatic weed water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes). The garden soil, water hyacinth and cow dung were taken in the following the combinations of 1: 2 : 1, 2: 1: 1 and 1 : 1: 2. Two species of earthworms Eudrilus eugeniae and Eisenia fetida was used for the experiment. The total nitrogen (0.18% in control and 1.68% in earthworm treated) and phosphate (0.63 % in control and 1.64 % in earthworm treated) levels were increased and toxic heavy metals zinc (7.66 ppm in control and 2.58 ppm in earthworm treated) and copper (6.68 ppm in control and 1.15 ppm in earthworm treated) were significantly decreased. The earthworm enriches the compost with various nutrients for plant and microbial growth. Plant growth studies were conducted in all the combination of water hyacinth, maximum growth of root length (8.9cm and 7.2 in control) and shoot length (21.6cm and 16.2 in control) observed compare to control. Gut microbial analysis revealed that Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus were predominantly present in the earthworm. The study recommended that the aquatic weed compost was suitable of agricultural usage.

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Proximate Composition and Heavy Metal Concentration of Molacarplet (Amblypharyngodon mola) and Spotted Snakehead (Channa punctatus) Collected from Pond Water and Open Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
FH Shikha ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MA Mansur ◽  
N Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Composition Analysis

A study was conducted on the proximate composition and heavy metal concentration of Amblypharyngodon mola and Channa punctatus collected from pond water and open water in Mymensingh. The proximate composition analysis result showed -protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water A. mola were 20.26±0.63, 6.70±0.17, 66.40±1.51 and 2.55±0.58, respectively and for the fish caught from open water the values were 19.66±0.75, 5.81±0.18, 63.03±0.82 and 2.92±0.15, respectively. On the other hand, protein, lipid, moisture and ash content (%) of pond water C. punctatus found 23.83±1.07, 5.91±0.11, 64.44±1.87 and 3.23±0.11, respectively whereas the values for the fish caught from open water were 22.21±0.66, 5.43±0.19, 62.73±1.65 and 3.67±0.47, respectively. Arsenic (As) concentration of A. mola was higher in open water fishes (0.23±0.05 μg g-1) than the fishes of pond water (0.14±0.03 μg g-1). Cd concentration of pond water C. punctatus was found 0.21±0.04 μg g-1 whereas open water fishes contained 0.28±0.06 μg g-1. Copper (Cu) concentration of pond water and open water A. mola was 0.27±0.07 μg g-1 and 0.32±0.04 μg g-1, respectively. Heavy metal concentration of A. mola and C. punctatus was within permissible limits except Cd. The result revealed that open water fishes had higher concentration of heavy metals in their muscle than the fishes of pond water. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 12(1&2): 91-99, 2019

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized using Earthworm Based Extracts

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-455
Author(s):  
P. Suganya ◽  
P.U. Mahalingam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Fe2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray

Iron oxide (β-Fe2O3) nanoparticles were synthesized through a biological method using earthworm based extracts like Eudrilus eugineae vermiwash, Eisenia fetida vermiwash, Eudrilus eugineae crushed extract, Eisenia fetida crushed extract, Eudrilus eugineae warm water extract, Eisenia fetida warm water extract and cow dung extract as a reducing and stabilizing agents. The development of β-Fe2O3 nanoparticles in the reaction mixture was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy. Followed by, the synthesized β-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transforms infra–red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray and transmission electron microscopy. Synthesized β-Fe2O3 NPs are characterized as crystalline structure of hexagonal shape with particle size of 2.08-94.37 nm and carrying unique functional groups. Bioefficiency of β-Fe2O3 was assessed through In-vitro seed germination study with green gram (Vigna radiata) and results revealed that 200 mg concentrations of α-Fe2O3 supported better seed germination and early growth in V. radiata.

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