scholarly journals Protective factors for cognitive decline: Trajectories and changes in a longitudinal study with Italian elderly

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mondini ◽  
Veronica Pucci ◽  
Sonia Montemurro ◽  
Raffaella Rumiati
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Impaired Group ◽  
Neuropsychological Evaluations ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract This retrospective study quantifies the relative contribution of age and sex as demographic factors, comorbidity, education and occupation as cognitive reserve (CR) proxies in accounting for cognitive aging. Participants underwent three neuropsychological evaluations, with their cognitive profiles being classified as unimpaired, mildly or severely impaired. For all 3,081 participants, in addition to age, education was the best predictor of performance followed by occupation. From the original sample, 543 participants were reassessed a second time, and 125 a third time. Depending on whether they maintained or worsened their profile based on their initial performance, participants were classified as resistant or declining. Results showed that, across assessments, the resistant had higher levels of education and occupation than the declining. Education and occupation modulated cognitive performance also in the more severely impaired group. This study confirms that the trajectories of changes of performance in ageing are consistently predicted by high levels of CR.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Health, Functional Disability, and Leisure Activities Profiles in Relation to Mental Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 663-663
Author(s):  
Dorina Cadar ◽  
Celine De Looze ◽  
Christine McGarrigle
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Functional Impairments ◽  
Ideal Cardiovascular Health

Abstract We investigated cardiovascular health, functional disability and leisure activities profiles independently and in relation to cognitive decline and dementia in high and low-medium income countries using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing and Brazilian Bambui Cohort Study of Aging. Functional loss among older Brazilians has shown a hierarchical sequence over the 15-year follow-up, with the highest incidence in functional disability reported for dressing, followed by getting out of bed, bathing/showering, walking across a room, using the toilet and eating (de Oliveira). Using the Life’s Simple 7, an ideal cardiovascular health scoring system evaluating the muscular strength, mobility and physiological stress, we showed a reliable prediction of cognitive trajectories in a representative sample of Irish individuals (De Looze). Within the same cohort, we report discrepancies between men and women in functional decline driven by domestic tasks, rather than determining differential cognitive trajectories (McGarrigle). In an English representative sample, we found that participants with an increasing number of functional impairments over almost a decade were more likely to be classified with subsequent dementia compared with those with no impairments and this may imply a more comprehensive ascertainment during the prodromal stage of dementia (Cadar). In contrast, a reduced risk of dementia was found for individuals with higher levels of engagement in cognitively stimulating activities, that may preserve cognitive reserve until later in life (Almeida). Identifying factors that influence cognitive aging and dementia risk in a multifactorial perspective is critical toward developing adequate intervention and treatment.

scholarly journals Motivation as a Mediator of the Relation Between Cognitive Reserve and Cognitive Performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1199-1205
Author(s):  
Fanny Vallet ◽  
Nathalie Mella ◽  
Andreas Ihle ◽  
Marine Beaudoin ◽  
Delphine Fagot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Global Measure ◽  
Interindividual Differences

Abstract Objectives Interindividual differences in cognitive aging may be explained by differences in cognitive reserve (CR) that are built up across the life span. A plausible but underresearched mechanism for these differences is that CR helps compensating cognitive decline by enhancing motivation to cope with challenging cognitive situations. Theories of motivation on cognition suggest that perceived capacity and intrinsic motivation may be key mediators in this respect. Method In 506 older adults, we assessed CR proxies (education, occupation, leisure activities), motivation (perceived capacity, intrinsic motivation), and a global measure of cognitive functioning. Results Perceived capacity, but not intrinsic motivation, significantly mediated the relation between CR and cognitive performance. Discussion Complementary with neurobiological and cognitive processes, our results suggest a more comprehensive view of the role of motivational aspects built up across the life span in determining differences in cognitive performance in old age.

Cognitive reserve and cortical atrophy in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study

Neurology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (19) ◽  
pp. 1728-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Amato ◽  
L. Razzolini ◽  
B. Goretti ◽  
M. L. Stromillo ◽  
F. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cortical Atrophy

Management of Complete Talocrural Luxations by Selective Talocrural Arthrodesis using Hybrid Transarticular External Skeletal Fixation in Dogs

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (04) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
Taylan Önyay ◽  
Kamil İnal ◽  
Deniz Özbakır ◽  
Ahmet Özak ◽  
Cenk Yardımcı
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Injured Limb ◽  
Clinical Utilization ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Hybrid External Fixator ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Age And Sex

Objective This article presents a novel surgical technique in the management of open complete talocrural luxations and evaluates the results, and clinical benefits with its routine clinical utilization. Study Design Retrospective study. Animals Seventeen medium- or large-breed client-owned dogs of different breed, age and sex with complete talocrural luxations and radiographic follow-up of at least 24 weeks duration. Method Selective talocrural arthrodesis was performed by using a hybrid transarticular external skeletal fixator frame. Clinical and radiographical evaluation was performed regarding the lesion, concomitant injury, duration of the surgery, time to first use of the limb, fixator removal time, complications and clinical outcomes. Results Dogs started to use the injured limb between postoperative days 1 to 11. Pin or wire tract related complications were observed in all dogs. Time to fixator removal ranged from 57 to 90 days with a median of 73 days. All of the operated joints with an exception of one dog resulted in talocrural fusion. Mid-term clinical outcomes score was regarded as excellent in 13/17 dogs, good in 3/17 dogs and poor in 1/17 dogs subject to authors' evaluation. Conclusion A transarticular hybrid external fixator may allow early use of postoperative limb with an excellent patient compliance and is well tolerated as well. The technique showed a promising opportunity of providing favourable limb use.

COGNITIVE AGING AND COGNITIVE RESERVE: POINT OF CONTACT

2020 ◽  
pp. 256-264
Author(s):  
В. С. Мякотных ◽  
А. П. Сиденкова ◽  
Е. С. Остапчук ◽  
И. А. Кулакова ◽  
Н. А. Белых ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The One

Высокий риск когнитивных расстройств у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста заставляет, с одной стороны, искать их причины, с другой - возможности профилактики. В связи с этим в последние годы получило распространение понятие когнитивного резерва, подразумевающего совокупность количественных параметров головного мозга и его способности сохранять высокую функциональную активность в процессе старения и на фоне связанной с возрастом патологии головного мозга. Представленный в статье материал на основе обзора научной литературы освещает два основных момента, касающихся возможности сохранения когнитивного резерва, - гендерный и образовательный факторы. Указывается на разные возможности женщин и мужчин, связанные со структурными и функциональными особенностями ЦНС у представителей разного пола, и на особую роль поддерживаемого в течение всей жизни образовательного процесса. Обозначена авторская позиция о необходимости разделения понятий образования и образованности, то есть уровня общей культуры и создания удобного инструмента для определения последнего. Это, в свою очередь, помогло бы в разработке модели когнитивного резерва, нацеленной на предотвращение трансформации физиологического когнитивного старения в патологическое. The high risk of cognitive disorders in the elderly and senile age makes, on the one hand, to look for their causes, on the other - the possibility of prevention. In this regard, in recent years, the concept of cognitive reserve has become widespread, implying a set of quantitative parameters of the brain and its ability to maintain high functional activity in the process of aging and against the background of age-related brain pathology. The material presented in the article on the basis of the review of scientific literature highlights two main points concerning the possibility of preserving the cognitive reserve-gender and educational factors. It is pointed to the different opportunities of women and men associated with the structural and functional characteristics of the Central nervous system in representatives of different sexes and the special role of the educational process supported throughout life. The author’s position on the need to separate the concepts of education and the level of General culture, and the creation of a convenient tool for determining the latter is indicated. This, in turn, would help in the development of a cognitive reserve model aimed at preventing the transformation of physiological cognitive aging into pathological aging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document