scholarly journals Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Carbon-Quantum-Dot Modified Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zikang Tang ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Josh Haipeng Lei ◽  
Jinsong Tao ◽  
Sen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conformational Structure ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dot ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy based on carbon-quantum-dot (CQD) modified cancer cells (CM-cancer) has proven effective. The CQDs non-distinctively modify the conformational structure of proteins by hydrogen bonding between the protein chains and the permeated CQDs via a thermal treatment. CM-cancer vaccines exhibit robust immunogenicity, which can recruit macrophages and dendritic cells to effectively deliver the cancer antigens into lymph nodes to activate CD8+ T cells, and eventually leads to an anti-cancer immune response all over the body. The CM-cancer vaccinations are not only able to inhibit primary tumors, but also clearly eliminate metastatic tumors. Our research demonstrates a promising personalized cancer immunotheraputic technology for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Carbon-Quantum-Dots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liang ◽  
Josh Haipeng Lei ◽  
Jinsong Tao ◽  
Sen Guo ◽  
Hanlu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Personalized Cancer

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy based on carbon-quantum-dots (CQDs) has proven effective. The CQDs composited cancer cell (CM-cancer) exhibit robust customized immunogenicity, which can recruit macrophages and dendritic cells to effectively deliver the cancer antigens into lymph nodes to activate CD8+ T cells, and eventually leads to an anti-cancer immune response all over the body. The CM-cancer is not only able to inhibit primary tumors, but also clearly eliminate metastatic tumors. Our research demonstrates a promising personalized cancer immunotheraputic technology for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO Do Not Influence BRAF-Driven Malignant Melanoma and KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Clotilde Wiel ◽  
Mohamed X. Ibrahim ◽  
Marcus Henricsson ◽  
Volkan I. Sayin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer cells produce high levels of mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules, but also promote cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been suggested to be useful in anti-cancer therapy, but no studies have convincingly addressed this question. Here, we administered the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO to mice with BRAF-induced malignant melanoma and KRAS-induced lung cancer, and found that these compounds had no impact on the number of primary tumors and metastases; and did not influence mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage levels. Moreover, MitoQ and MitoTEMPO did not influence proliferation of human melanoma and lung cancer cell lines. MitoQ and its control substance dTPP, but not MitoTEMPO, increased glycolytic rates and reduced respiration in melanoma cells; whereas only dTPP produced this effect in lung cancer cells. Our results do not support the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for anti-cancer monotherapy, at least not in malignant melanoma and lung cancer.

scholarly journals The Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) in cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lefteris C Zacharia ◽  
Vasiliki Gkretsi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Metastatic Process

Primary tumors are seldom the cause of death for cancer patients as most patients die from metastatic disease. Thus, deciphering metastatic mechanisms and key molecules involved is of utmost importance for the improved survival of cancer patients. Metastasis is a complex process in which cancer cells dissociate from the original tumor and spread to distant sites of the body. During the metastatic process, cancer cells lose contact both with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the neighboring cells within the primary tumor, thus invading though surrounding tissues. Therefore, ECM, and ECM-related adhesion proteins play a critical role in the metastatic process. Ras suppressor-1 (RSU-1) was first identified as a suppressor of Ras-dependent oncogenic transformation and is localized to cell-ECM adhesions where it is known to interact with the pro-survival adhesion protein PINCH-1. Although the connection to cancer is obvious, little is known regarding its expression in various cancer types. This opinion piece is focusing on recent literature regarding the expression of RSU-1 in various cancer types and the possible molecular mechanism of its action, pointing towards questions that need still to be addressed in this research field.

scholarly journals Overcoming the problem of the lack of an immune response to cancer: A possible haptogenic approach to cancer immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Patrick Riley
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Deviant Behaviour ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer ◽  
Normal Gene

Cancer cells possess a number of unusual features, most of which are explicable in the light of the theory of epigenetic carcinogenesis. This includes the remarkable failure of malignant cells to evoke an immunological response from the host which is ascribed to their deviant behaviour resulting from anomalous expression of normal gene products. Given this background a possible approach to eliciting a specific anti-cancer immune response is proposed which involves selective haptenation of an identifiable target protein.

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Immunotherapies Targeting Telomerase

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2260
Author(s):  
Simone Negrini ◽  
Raffaele De Palma ◽  
Gilberto Filaci
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Tumor Associated Antigen ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Human Telomerase ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapies

Telomerase is a reverse transcriptase that maintains telomeres length, compensating for the attrition of chromosomal ends that occurs during each replication cycle. Telomerase is expressed in germ cells and stem cells, whereas it is virtually undetectable in adult somatic cells. On the other hand, telomerase is broadly expressed in the majority of human tumors playing a crucial role in the replicative behavior and immortality of cancer cells. Several studies have demonstrated that telomerase-derived peptides are able to bind to HLA (human leukocyte antigen) class I and class II molecules and effectively activate both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells subsets. Due to its broad and selective expression in cancer cells and its significant immunogenicity, telomerase is considered an ideal universal tumor-associated antigen, and consequently, a very attractive target for anti-cancer immunotherapy. To date, different telomerase targeting immunotherapies have been studied in pre-clinical and clinical settings, these approaches include peptide vaccination and cell-based vaccination. The objective of this review paper is to discuss the role of human telomerase in cancer immunotherapy analyzing recent developments and future perspectives in this field.

scholarly journals Combined photodynamic-chemotherapy investigation of cancer cells using carbon quantum dot-based drug carrier system

Drug Delivery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 791-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Kandasamy Vinothini ◽  
Thiyagarajan Ramesh ◽  
Mariappan Rajan ◽  
Andy Ramu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Carrier System ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dot ◽  
Drug Carrier System

Cancer Immunotherapy: An Effective Tool in Cancer Control and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawalpreet Kaur ◽  
Gopal L. Khatik
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Immunotherapy ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Scientific Database

Background:: Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment which effectively harnesses the natural ability of the immune system to fight against cancer cells. This approach takes into consideration the fact that cancer cells express various types of antigens on their surface. Such tumor antigens can be detected by the immune system. However, cancer cells normally develop resistance to the defensive mechanisms presented by the immune system. Thus, cancer immunotherapy has some challenges in its path but due to its impressive clinical effectiveness, it is considered as the potential and effective mode of treatment for cancer. Methods:: We searched the scientific database using cancer, immunotherapy, and tumor antigens as the keywords. Herein, only peer-reviewed research articles were collected which were useful to our current work. Results:: Cells responsible for incurring natural immunity to the body are engineered in such a way that they become able to efficiently recognize and bind to tumor antigens. Such type of immunotherapy is referred to as active immunotherapy. Another type is passive immunotherapy, which involves the process of modifying the existing natural immune responses against cancer cells. A hybrid type of immunotherapy has also been developed which involves the combinative use of both active and passive immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy has so far proven to be an effective treatment for cancer as this therapy primarily aims at attacking cancer cells and not the healthy body cells lying in close vicinity to them. Conclusion:: In the review, we described the significance of immunotherapy in the management of various types of cancer.

scholarly journals Artificially cloaked viral nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlio Fusciello ◽  
Flavia Fontana ◽  
Siri Tähtinen ◽  
Cristian Capasso ◽  
Sara Feola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Setting ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Personalized Cancer

AbstractVirus-based cancer vaccines are nowadays considered an interesting approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, despite the observation that the majority of the immune responses they elicit are against the virus and not against the tumor. In contrast, targeting tumor associated antigens is effective, however the identification of these antigens remains challenging. Here, we describe ExtraCRAd, a multi-vaccination strategy focused on an oncolytic virus artificially wrapped with tumor cancer membranes carrying tumor antigens. We demonstrate that ExtraCRAd displays increased infectivity and oncolytic effect in vitro and in vivo. We show that this nanoparticle platform controls the growth of aggressive melanoma and lung tumors in vivo both in preventive and therapeutic setting, creating a highly specific anti-cancer immune response. In conclusion, ExtraCRAd might serve as the next generation of personalized cancer vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens, representing an alternative way to target cancer.

scholarly journals Assessment of Dihydropyrimidinone based Nanocomposites as Multifunctional Anti-cancer Drug

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thangamani Suppan ◽  
Hema Priya Mahendran ◽  
Rama Ranjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sankarganesh Jeyaraj ◽  
Kallol Mohanta
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dot ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tumor Inhibitor

Dihydropyrimidinones, a Biginelli compound, have been found to be a tumor inhibitor in the last decade. The novel carbon quantum dot- dihydropyrimidinone (CQD-DHPM) nanocomposites have been prepared by a simple...

scholarly journals RP215-based Anti-Cancer Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Car T ◽  
New Generation

Parallel to the conventional immunology, immunoglobulins can also be produced by many cancer cells of epithelial origins for unidentified functional roles. RP215 was the first monoclonal antibody generated in 1987 and shown to react with a carbohydrate-associated epitope located mainly in the variable regions of heavy chains of immunoglobulins expressed by cancer cells (designated as CA215), but not in those of B cell origin. Through years of biological and immunological studies, it has become apparent that dual differential roles are played by cancerous immunoglobulins. Therefore, cancerous immunoglobulins are essential for the growth and protection of cancer cells under our body environment. RP215 was found to be a unique probe for CA215 in the immunoassays to monitor serum levels of shed cancerous immunoglobulins among cancer patients for immunodiagnostic applications. Upon binding with surface expressed immunoglobulins, RP215 was shown to induce apoptosis and complementdependent cytotoxicity to many cancer cells. Humanized forms of RP215 can be used to target cancer cells of different tissue origins and are being developed into antibody-based anti-cancer drugs for cancer immunotherapy. A new generation of chimeric antigen (CAR)-T cell technology is being utilized to introduce humanized RP215 gene transfected to T cells for cancer immunotherapy of selected sets of human cancers.

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