scholarly journals Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Carbon-Quantum-Dots

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Liang ◽  
Josh Haipeng Lei ◽  
Jinsong Tao ◽  
Sen Guo ◽  
Hanlu Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Personalized Cancer

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy based on carbon-quantum-dots (CQDs) has proven effective. The CQDs composited cancer cell (CM-cancer) exhibit robust customized immunogenicity, which can recruit macrophages and dendritic cells to effectively deliver the cancer antigens into lymph nodes to activate CD8+ T cells, and eventually leads to an anti-cancer immune response all over the body. The CM-cancer is not only able to inhibit primary tumors, but also clearly eliminate metastatic tumors. Our research demonstrates a promising personalized cancer immunotheraputic technology for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Carbon-Quantum-Dot Modified Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zikang Tang ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
Josh Haipeng Lei ◽  
Jinsong Tao ◽  
Sen Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conformational Structure ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dot ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy based on carbon-quantum-dot (CQD) modified cancer cells (CM-cancer) has proven effective. The CQDs non-distinctively modify the conformational structure of proteins by hydrogen bonding between the protein chains and the permeated CQDs via a thermal treatment. CM-cancer vaccines exhibit robust immunogenicity, which can recruit macrophages and dendritic cells to effectively deliver the cancer antigens into lymph nodes to activate CD8+ T cells, and eventually leads to an anti-cancer immune response all over the body. The CM-cancer vaccinations are not only able to inhibit primary tumors, but also clearly eliminate metastatic tumors. Our research demonstrates a promising personalized cancer immunotheraputic technology for potential clinical applications.

scholarly journals neoantigenR: An annotation based pipeline for tumor neoantigen identification from sequencing data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaojun Tang ◽  
Subha Madhavan
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Peptide Epitopes ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Personalized Cancer ◽  
Specific Peptide

AbstractStudies indicate that more than 90% of human genes are alternatively spliced, suggesting the complexity of the transcriptome assembly and analysis. The splicing process is often disrupted, resulting in both functional and non-functional end-products (Sveen et al. 2016) in many cancers. Harnessing the immune system to fight against malignant cancers carrying aberrantly mutated or spliced products is becoming a promising approach to cancer therapy. Advances in immune checkpoint blockade have elicited adaptive immune responses with promising clinical responses to treatments against human malignancies (Tumor Neoantigens in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy 2017). Emerging data suggest that recognition of patient-specific mutation-associated cancer antigens (i.e. from alternative splicing isoforms) may allow scientists to dissect the immune response in the activity of clinical immunotherapies (Schumacher and Schreiber 2015). The advent of high-throughput sequencing technology has provided a comprehensive view of both splicing aberrations and somatic mutations across a range of human malignancies, allowing for a deeper understanding of the interplay of various disease mechanisms.Meanwhile, studies show that the number of transcript isoforms reported to date may be limited by the short-read sequencing due to the inherit limitation of transcriptome reconstruction algorithms, whereas long-read sequencing is able to significantly improve the detection of alternative splicing variants since there is no need to assemble full-length transcripts from short reads. The analysis of these high-throughput long-read sequencing data may permit a systematic view of tumor specific peptide epitopes (also known as neoantigens) that could serve as targets for immunotherapy (Tumor Neoantigens in Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy 2017).Currently, there is no software pipeline available that can efficiently produce mutation-associated cancer antigens from raw high-throughput sequencing data on patient tumor DNA (The Problem with Neoantigen Prediction 2017). In addressing this issue, we introduce a R package that allows the discoveries of peptide epitope candidates, which are the tumor-specific peptide fragments containing potential functional neoantigens. These peptide epitopes consist of structure variants including insertion, deletions, alternative sequences, and peptides from nonsynonymous mutations. Analysis of these precursor candidates with widely used tools such as netMHC allows for the accurate in-silico prediction of neoantigens. The pipeline named neoantigeR is currently hosted in https://github.com/ICBI/neoantigeR.

Quantum Dots: Properties and Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-348
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
The Body ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Visual Properties

Quantum dots (QDs) are very small nanoparticles and are composed of hundreds to thousands of atoms. These semiconducting materials can be made from an element, such as silicon or germanium, or compounds such as cadmium sulphide (CdS) or cadmium selenide (CdSe). The colour of these small particles does not depend on the type of semiconducting material from which the dots are made, but rather on its diameter. Besides, ODs attract the most attention because of their unique visual properties. Therefore, these are used in all kinds of applications where precise control of coloured light is important. As these dots are of great importance in chemical, biological and medical applications, they can be designed to deliver anti-cancer drugs and direct them to specific areas of the body. Therefore, with this technique, the harmful side effects of chemical treatments can be reduced. It is possible to examine and study the properties of these nanomaterials and make sure they are analyzed using some scientific devices and techniques, the most important of which are: transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic forces microscopy (AFM) with dielectrics, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). This chapter opens horizons towards knowing what quantum dots are and their unique properties, as well as methods of preparation and then placing our hands on the chemical, and biological applications of these dots.

scholarly journals Artificially cloaked viral nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manlio Fusciello ◽  
Flavia Fontana ◽  
Siri Tähtinen ◽  
Cristian Capasso ◽  
Sara Feola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Cancer Vaccines ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Therapeutic Setting ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Interesting Approach ◽  
Personalized Cancer

AbstractVirus-based cancer vaccines are nowadays considered an interesting approach in the field of cancer immunotherapy, despite the observation that the majority of the immune responses they elicit are against the virus and not against the tumor. In contrast, targeting tumor associated antigens is effective, however the identification of these antigens remains challenging. Here, we describe ExtraCRAd, a multi-vaccination strategy focused on an oncolytic virus artificially wrapped with tumor cancer membranes carrying tumor antigens. We demonstrate that ExtraCRAd displays increased infectivity and oncolytic effect in vitro and in vivo. We show that this nanoparticle platform controls the growth of aggressive melanoma and lung tumors in vivo both in preventive and therapeutic setting, creating a highly specific anti-cancer immune response. In conclusion, ExtraCRAd might serve as the next generation of personalized cancer vaccines with enhanced features over standard vaccination regimens, representing an alternative way to target cancer.

Label-free fluorescence imaging of cytochrome c in living systems and anti-cancer drug screening with nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 5342-5349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijuan Zhang ◽  
Baoxin Zhang ◽  
Cuixia Di ◽  
Mohammad Chand Ali ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Drug Screening ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon

A label-free fluorescence probe based on N-doped CDs for imaging of Cyt c in living systems and anti-cancer drug screening.

LUMINESCENT DETERMINATION OF SUGAR IN NATURAL HONEY

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
B.M. GAREEV ◽  
◽  
A.M. ABDRAKHMANOV ◽  
G.L. SHARIPOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Photoluminescence Intensity ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Natural Honey

The photoluminescence of carbon quantum dots synthesized from natural honey and mixtures of honey and sugar has been studied. An increase in the sugar content leads to a decrease in the photoluminescence intensity without changing the shape of the luminescence spectrum of these quantum dots aqueous solutions, which is associated with a decrease in the yield of their synthesis in the sugar presence. The discovered effect can be used to detect sugar in honey. When examining five different market samples of flower honey using this method, two of them showed a significant decrease in the photoluminescence intensity. A laboratory test for compliance with GOST 19792-2017 Standard requirements established an excess of the sucrose content in these samples. Luminescent determination of sugar in honey does not require complicated equipment and can be used to develop a new analytical method for determining the sugar content in counterfeit natural honey.

The antitoxic and protective effects of Curcuma longa and it`s active agent, Curcumin: оverview

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
A. Khisamova ◽  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Active Agent ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Daily Stress ◽  
Anti Cancer

In the modern world, where a person is exposed to daily stress, increased physical exertion, the toxic effect of various substances, including drugs. The task of modern science is to find antioxidants for the body. These can be additives obtained both synthetically and the active substances that we get daily from food. Such a striking example is turmeric, obtained from the plant Curcuma longa. Recently, it has been known that curcumin has an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer effect and, thanks to these effects, plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, in particular, from cancer to autoimmune, neurological, cardiovascular and diabetic diseases. In addition, much attention is paid to increasing the biological activity and physiological effects of curcumin on the body through the synthesis of curcumin analogues. This review discusses the chemical and physical characteristics, analogues, metabolites, the mechanisms of its physiological activity and the effect of curcumin on the body.

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