scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Isolated Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses in Central China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinwei Wang ◽  
Jie Feng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Aijun Sun ◽  
Huayuan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Central China ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Amino Acid Mutations ◽  
Anemia Virus

Abstract Background: Chicken infectious anemia (CIA) is an immunosuppressive disease induced by the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causing heavy economic losses once outbreak. This study conducted a systematic analysis of the epidemiology and pathology of CIA in Henan province, central China.Methods: A total of 437 clinical tissue samples and 120 poultry disease-related live attenuated vaccines were collected during 2017-2019; of which 45 were positive for CIAV nucleic acid, with a positive rate of 8.08%. Results: Our results showed that genome sequences similarity among a total of 12 CIAV isolates was high, and ranged from 97.1% to 99.3%, and their similarity to the vaccine strains Cux-1 and Del-Ros ranged from 97.8% to 98.6%. However, There were non-synonymous amino acid mutations in the locus of the major capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 among all isolates. The subsequent sequence analysis indicated that the isolates of HN-4 and HN-8 showed genetic recombination and follow up animal experiments revealed that HN-4 might be a high pathogenic strain. Conclusions: Our results reveal that both field infection and vaccine contamination promote epidemiology of CIAV in China. Some dominant epidemic viruses have undergone recombination and evolution. This study provides important information for CIAV prevention and control in poultry industry development.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Avian Gyrovirus 2 Variant-Related Gyrovirus Detected in Farmed King Ratsnake (Elaphe carinata): The First Report from China

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianqian Wu ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Qinxi Chen ◽  
Jun Ji ◽  
Yunchao Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
First Report ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Elaphe Carinata ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Overlapping Open Reading Frames ◽  
Reference Strains

Avian gyrovirus 2 (AGV2), which is similar to chicken infectious anemia virus, is a new member of the genus Gyrovirus. AGV2 has been detected not only in chicken but also in human tissues and feces. This study analyzed 91 samples (8 from liver tissue and 83 from fecal samples) collected from king ratsnakes (Elaphe carinata) from 7 separate farms in Hubei and Henan, China, for AGV2 DNA using PCR. The results demonstrated a low positive rate of AGV2 (6.59%, 6/91) in the snakes, and all the positive samples were collected from the same farm. The AGV2 strain HB2018S1 was sequenced, and its 2376 nt genome comprised three partially overlapping open reading frames: VP1, VP2, and VP3. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HB2018S1 and NX1506-1 strains from chickens in China belong to the same clade and that they have a nucleotide identity as high as 99.5%. Additionally, recombination analysis showed that HB2018S1 might originate from the recombination of viruses similar to those detected in chickens and a ferret. A total of 10 amino acid mutation sites (44(R/K), 74(T/A), 256 (C/R), 279(L/Q), and 373(V/A) in AGV2 VP1; 60(I/T), 125(T/I), 213(D/N), and 215(L/S) in AGV2 VP2; and 83(H/Y) in AGV2 VP3) different from those observed in most reference strains were found in the genome of HB2018S1, indicating that the differences may be related to a transboundary movement among hosts, which needs further elucidation. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on an AGV2-infected poikilotherm, suggesting that cross-host transmission of viruses with circular single-stranded DNA genomes would be a public health concern.

scholarly journals Detection and isolation of pathogenic Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype from confined dairy cattle, in Hebei, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junlong Liu ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Aihong Liu ◽  
Jinming Wang ◽  
Guiquan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Theileria Orientalis ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Genotype 2 ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Pcr Method

Abstract Background Theileria orientalis is a group of benign pathogenic of cattle parasites with a cosmopolitan distribution, and has been classified into 11 genotypes through MPSP gene phylogenetic analysis. In China, T. orientalis is the most prevalent Theileria species, with several genotypes, but few fatal cases have been reported. In June 2020, dairy cattle in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, showed clinical symptoms of piroplasmosis, causing many animals to die. In the present study, we confirmed the infection of T. orientalis was responsible for the disease and isolated the T. orientalis Ikeda genotype from the field blood samples. Methods Fifty-one blood samples were collected from ill and recovered animal. Meanwhile, 12 samples were collected from animals without any clinical symptoms. Blood smears were prepared from blood samples and detected with microscope. Genomic DNA was extracted and tested by PCR method. The MPSP gene was sequenced from the Theileria positive samples detected by both methods, to identify the T. orientalis genotypes. Parasites were isolated by inoculate the mixed positive blood samples into the experimental cattle and identified by MPSP sequence analysis. Results Blood smears and PCR detection results confirmed T. orientalis infection with a 66.7% positive rate of collected blood samples. The MPSP sequences analysis revealed parasite genotypes 1 (Chitose) and 2 (Ikeda). In animal experiments, only T. orientalis genotype 2 (Ikeda) was obtained, indicating that the Ikeda type was predominant and responsible for the disease. Conclusions The present study firstly identified pathogenic T. orientalis Ikeda in dairy cattle in China, and isolated the parasite from experimental animal. Although many T. orientalis genotypes are present in China, the possibility of T. orientalis genotype 1 and 2 infections in confined dairy cattle should considered to avoid additional economic losses.

scholarly journals A New Strategy for the Detection of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Contamination in Attenuated Live Vaccine by Droplet Digital PCR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Qiuchen Li ◽  
Yubiao Zhang ◽  
Fanfeng Meng ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Guanlong Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Pcr ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes the atrophy of bone marrow hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in chicks, leading to huge economic losses all over the world. The using of attenuated vaccine contaminated with CIAV increased the mortality and the pathogenicity of other diseases in many farms. However, it is difficult to detect the CIAV contamination by general detection technology due to the extremely low dose of CIAV in vaccines. In this study, we established a new method called droplet digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (ddPCR) to detect CIAV contamination of vaccines more sensitively and accurately. The lowest detection limitation of this method is 2.4 copies of CIAV plasmid or CIAV contamination at 0.1 EID50/1000 feathers in vaccines without any positive signals of other viruses. Besides, the sensitivity of ddPCR is 100 times greater than that of conventional PCR and 10 times greater than that of real-time PCR. The ddPCR technique is more sensitive and more intuitive. Therefore, it could be valuable for the detection of CIAV contamination in vaccines.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Chicken Anaemia Virus Circulating in Commercial Poultry Flocks in Egypt during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-241
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdelhalim ◽  
Abdelhafez Samir ◽  
Nahed Yehia
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Chicken Anemia Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Group B ◽  
Anemia Virus

Chicken Anemia Virus (CAV) is an extremely contagious immunosuppressive disease causing high economic losses in poultry production. In the present study, tissue samples (bone marrow, thymus, and spleen) were collected from 86 different broiler chicken farms located in fourteen governorates in Egypt during 2020. They suffered from retard growth, weakness, and a drop in egg production with an observed mortality rate ranged 5-15%. A total of 26 samples were positive for CAV using PCR in six governorates in Lower Egypt with a 30% incidence rate, especially in Sharkia (78%), Ismailia (62.5%), and Alexandria (60%). The viral protein1 (VP1) gene of CAV was genetically characterized by sequencing of 10 selected viruses in six governorates. revealing that all Egyptian strains were clustered into two groups (A, B) that was distinct from vaccine strains (Del-Ros, Cux-1, and 26PA) which were clustered in group C. The seven Egyptian viruses in this study (A-Egypt-AN1-2020 to A-Egypt-AN7-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Japan, Argentina, and Malaysia in group A, and the other three viruses (A-Egypt-AN8-2020, A-Egypt-AN9-2020, A-Egypt-AN10-2020) were clustered with the viruses from Nigeria, and India in group B. The Egyptian viruses in the current study acquired new specific mutations clustering them into new subgroups (2A, 2B). By mutation analysis comparing with Del-Rose reference strains, V75I, M97L, and K139Q, E144Q were recorded in all viruses in the group A and B. All Egyptian viruses in the current study had specific new mutations at Y13N, H22N. Moreover, mutation at G74E in Egyptian viruses recorded in the current study was related to sub group 2A, I83V in three strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020), and S140A in the hypervariable region was found in four strains (A/Egypt/AN1/2020, A/Egypt/AN2/2020, A/Egypt/AN4/2020 and A/Egypt/AN5/2020) in subgroup 2A. Furthermore, Q139 and Q144 amino acid substitutions, which are important in viral replication, were observed in all viruses. The field viruses in the study were distinct from the vaccinal strains by phylogenetic analysis and A.A. identity. In conclusion, the CAV was continuously circulating in Egypt from different genotypes. It acquired new specific mutations clustering them in a new subgroup, and it was distinct from vaccinal strains. Therefore, it is important to conduct continuous monitoring on the genetic evolution of CAV and further studies on the pathogenicity of the virus and the vaccine efficacy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 and Co-Infection by Immunosuppressive Viruses in Fowl with Hydropericardium Hepatitis Syndrome in Shandong Province, China

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanliu Yu ◽  
Yun Lin ◽  
Yanguo Dou ◽  
Yi Tang ◽  
Youxiang Diao
Keyword(s):  
Shandong Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Adenovirus Serotype ◽  
Fowl Adenovirus ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Bursal Disease ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is the pathogenic agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (HHS) in chickens and ducks, which has caused huge economic losses for the Chinese poultry industry since 2015. In order to objectively determine the prevalence and co-infection status of the virus in Shandong province in China, we analyzed a total of 679 clinical cases of chickens and ducks from 36 farms in the province. The results showed that the FAdV-4 infection rate was 65.2% (443/679), and the rate in breeder ducks was almost two-fold higher than that in breeder chickens (68.57% vs. 34.30%). Notably, co-infection by H9N2 avian influenza virus, infectious bursal disease virus, and/or chicken infectious anemia virus was very common in the 443 FAdV-4-positive cases. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the hexon genes of four Shandong FAdV-4 isolates revealed that these strains clustered into Indian reference strains, indicating that the Shandong FAdV-4 strains might have originated in India. These findings provide the first data on the prevalence and co-infection status of FAdV-4 in Shandong province, which may serve as a foundation for the prevention of FAdV-4 in the field.

scholarly journals Genomic characteristics of a chicken infectious anemia virus strain isolated from contaminated chicken pox attenuated vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jinjin Wang ◽  
Yawen Zhang ◽  
Shuang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Live Vaccines ◽  
Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Dot Blot Assay ◽  
Amplification Assay ◽  
Chicken Farm ◽  
Anemia Virus

Abstract Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) can be transmitted by contaminated live vaccines, and causes huge economic losses. This study evaluated the contamination status of CIAV in 24 batches of vaccines by recombinase-aided amplification assay (RAA), fluorescence quantitative PCR and dot blot assay, and then determined a contaminated avian pox attenuated vaccine. The whole genome of the CIAV contaminant was then sequenced and named as JS2020-PFV (Genbank accession number: MW234428, 2296bp). It showed 94.5–99.9% identities with reference strains, and shared the closest evolution relationship with AB1K which was isolated from a chicken farm in Turkey. All these suggested that the use of CIAV contaminated live vaccine may be the reason for its epidemic in poultry.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) in Guangdong Province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fancong Zeng ◽  
Wenfeng Li ◽  
Junhong Ke ◽  
Feng Wen ◽  
Jinyue Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is an immunosuppressive disease that causes enormous economic loss to the poultry industry worldwide, transmitted vertically and horizontally. In recent years, CIAV outbreaks have frequently occurred in southern China since 2014, especially in the Guangdong province. However, there is a lack of epidemiological studies of CIAV in Guangdong province. We performed PCR by using the serum and tissue samples collected from seven cities of Guangdong province. The PCR-positive tissue samples were inoculated into SPF eggs and MSB1 cells for virus isolation by blind-passages three times. This study isolated and characterized 325 serum samples and four tissue samples, the total positive CIAV rate of 62.15% in serum samples, and all four tissues were positive for the CIAV. However, the virus could only be isolated from MSB1 cells. Sequence analysis revealed that the four isolated comparisons with those in the GenBank showed high nucleotide similarities and were near clade C2. Our data showed over 60% of positive cases for CIAV serological analysis consist of seven cities, Which may lead to severe immunosuppressive effects in chickens. In summary, these findings provide new insights to guide molecular epidemiological surveillance of CIAV in Guangdong province.

SEROLOGICAL STUDIES ON CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VIRUS IN GHARBEIA PROVINCE

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-208
Author(s):  
Moshira, A. El-abasy ◽  
Gamal, R. Hassab El-nabby ◽  
Ahmed, S. Hegasy ◽  
Salwa, M. Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Serological Studies ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between Cyniclomyces guttulatus and Rabbit Diarrhoea

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Tuanyuan Shi ◽  
Xinlei Yan ◽  
Hongchao Sun ◽  
Yuan Fu ◽  
Lili Hao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Zealand White Rabbit ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cyniclomyces guttulatus is usually recognised as an inhabitant of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract in rabbits. However, large numbers of C. guttulatus are often detected in the faeces of diarrhoeic rabbits. The relationship of C. guttulatus with rabbit diarrhoea needs to be clearly identified. In this study, a C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was isolated from a New Zealand White rabbit with severe diarrhoea and then inoculated into SPF New Zealand white rabbits alone or co-inoculated with Eimeriaintestinalis, another kind of pathogen in rabbits. Our results showed that the optimal culture medium pH and temperature for this yeast were pH 4.5 and 40–42 °C, respectively. The sequence lengths of the 18S and 26S ribosomal DNA fragments were 1559 bp and 632 bp, respectively, and showed 99.8% homology with the 18S ribosomal sequence of the NRRL Y-17561 isolate from dogs and 100% homology with the 26S ribosomal sequence of DPA-CGR1 and CGDPA-GP1 isolates from rabbits and guinea pigs, respectively. In animal experiments, the C. guttulatus Zhejiang strain was not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, even when 1 × 108 vegetative cells were used per rabbit. Surprisingly, rabbits inoculated with yeast showed a slightly better body weight gain and higher food intake. However, SPF rabbits co-inoculated with C. guttulatus and E. intestinalis developed more severe coccidiosis than rabbits inoculated with C. guttulatus or E. intestinalis alone. In addition, we surveyed the prevalence of C. guttulatus in rabbits and found that the positive rate was 83% in Zhejiang Province. In summary, the results indicated that C. guttulatus alone is not pathogenic to healthy rabbits, although might be an opportunistic pathogen when the digestive tract is damaged by other pathogens, such as coccidia.

scholarly journals Genetic Heterogeneity among Chicken Infectious Anemia Viruses Detected in Italian Fowl

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Giulia Quaglia ◽  
Giulia Mescolini ◽  
Elena Catelli ◽  
Giacomo Berto ◽  
Filippo Muccioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus ◽  
Chicken Infectious Anemia ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
Backyard Chicken

Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) is a pathogen of chickens associated with immunosuppression and with a disease named chicken infectious anemia. The present survey reports an epidemiological study on CIAV distribution in Italian broiler, broiler breeder and backyard chicken flocks. Twenty-five strains were detected by a specifically developed nested PCR protocol, and molecularly characterized by partial VP1 gene or complete genome sequencing. Viral DNA amplification was successfully obtained from non-invasive samples such as feathers and environmental dust. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis showed the circulation of field or potentially vaccine-derived strains with heterogeneous sequences clustered into genogroups II, IIIa, and IIIb. Marker genome positions, reported to be correlated with CIAV virulence, were evaluated in field strains. In conclusion, this is the first survey focused on the molecular characteristics of Italian CIAVs, which have proved to be highly heterogeneous, implementing at the same time a distribution map of field viruses worldwide.

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