scholarly journals Visceral Adiposity Index is Associated With Silent Brain Infarct in a Healthy Population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Woong Nam ◽  
Hyung-Min Kwon ◽  
Han-Yeong Jeong ◽  
Jin-Ho Park ◽  
Hyuktae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Brain Infarct ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Silent Brain Infarct ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Background Visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a novel indicator of the mass and function of visceral adipose tissue, and it has been associated with metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, and subclinical atherosclerosis; however, there is limited information about its association with cerebrovascular diseases, especially in subclinical pathology. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between VAI and silent brain infarct (SBI) in a healthy population. Methods We evaluated a consecutive series of healthy volunteers over the age of 40 between January 2006 and December 2013. SBI was defined as an asymptomatic, well-defined lesion with a diameter ≥ 3 mm with the same signal characteristics as the cerebrospinal fluid on T1- or T2 weighted images. VAI was calculated using sex-specific equations as described in previous studies, and was based on a number of parameters including waist circumference, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index. Results A total of 2,596 subjects were evaluated (mean age 56y, male sex: 54%), and SBI was found in 218 (8%) participants. In multivariable analysis, VAI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.66; P = 0.030) remained a significant predictor of SBI after adjustment for confounders. On the other hand, visceral adipose tissue area on computed tomography did not show any statistical significance with SBI. The close relationship between VAI and SBI was prominent only in females (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.00-2.07; P = 0.048). In the evaluation between VAI and the burden of SBI, VAI showed a positive dose-response relationship with the number of SBI lesions (P for trend = 0.037). Conclusions High VAI was associated with a higher prevalence and burden of SBI in a neurologically healthy population, especially in females. Our findings indicate that VAI could be used as a simple and convenient predictor for SBI.

scholarly journals Visceral adiposity index is associated with silent brain infarct in a healthy population

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Woong Nam ◽  
Hyung-Min Kwon ◽  
Han-Yeong Jeong ◽  
Jin-Ho Park ◽  
Hyuktae Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Brain Infarct ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Silent Brain Infarct

Abstract Visceral adiposity index (VAI) has been associated with various cardio-metabolic diseases; however, there is limited information about its association with cerebrovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between VAI and silent brain infarct (SBI). We evaluated a consecutive series of healthy volunteers over the age of 40 between January 2006 and December 2013. SBI was defined as an asymptomatic, well-defined lesion with a diameter ≥ 3 mm with the same signal characteristics as the cerebrospinal fluid. VAI was calculated using sex-specific equations as described in previous studies. A total of 2596 subjects were evaluated, and SBI was found in 218 (8%) participants. In multivariable analysis, VAI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.66; P = 0.030) remained a significant predictor of SBI after adjustment for confounders. The close relationship between VAI and SBI was prominent only in females (aOR = 1.44; 95% CI 1.00–2.07; P = 0.048). In the evaluation between VAI and the burden of SBI, VAI showed a positive dose–response relationship with the number of SBI lesions (P for trend = 0.037). High VAI was associated with a higher prevalence and burden of SBI in a neurologically healthy population.

scholarly journals Serum Metabolite Profile Associated with Sex-Dependent Visceral Adiposity Index and Low Bone Mineral Density in a Mexican Population

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Berenice Palacios-González ◽  
Guadalupe León-Reyes ◽  
Berenice Rivera-Paredez ◽  
Isabel Ibarra-González ◽  
Marcela Vela-Amieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Recent evidence shows that obesity correlates negatively with bone mass. However, traditional anthropometric measures such as body mass index could not discriminate visceral adipose tissue from subcutaneous adipose tissue. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) is a reliable sex-specified indicator of visceral adipose distribution and function. Thus, we aimed to identify metabolomic profiles associated with VAI and low bone mineral density (BMD). A total of 602 individuals from the Health Workers Cohort Study were included. Forty serum metabolites were measured using the targeted metabolomics approach, and multivariate regression models were used to test associations of metabolomic profiles with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters. The analysis showed a serum amino acid signature composed of glycine, leucine, arginine, valine, and acylcarnitines associated with high VAI and low BMD. In addition, we found a sex-dependent VAI in pathways related to primary bile acid biosynthesis, branched-chain amino acids, and the biosynthesis of pantothenate and coenzyme A (CoA). In conclusion, a metabolic profile differs by VAI and BMD status, and these changes are gender-dependent.

scholarly journals Visceral Adiposity Index: An Indicator of Adipose Tissue Dysfunction

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Calogero Amato ◽  
Carla Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity Index ◽  
Adiposity Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
And Function

The Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) has recently proven to be an indicator of adipose distribution and function that indirectly expresses cardiometabolic risk. In addition, VAI has been proposed as a useful tool for early detection of a condition of cardiometabolic risk before it develops into an overt metabolic syndrome. The application of the VAI in particular populations of patients (women with polycystic ovary syndrome, patients with acromegaly, patients with NAFLD/NASH, patients with HCV hepatitis, patients with type 2 diabetes, and general population) has produced interesting results, which have led to the hypothesis that the VAI could be considered a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction. Unfortunately, in some cases, on the same patient population, there is conflicting evidence. We think that this could be mainly due to a lack of knowledge of the application limits of the index, on the part of various authors, and to having applied the VAI in non-Caucasian populations. Future prospective studies could certainly better define the possible usefulness of the VAI as a predictor of cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Assessment of Epicardial Adipose Tissue - A Marker of Visceral Adiposity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Singh ◽  
Harleen Singh ◽  
Harleen K Khanijoun ◽  
Gianluca Iacobellis
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Echocardiographic Assessment ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue predicts an unfavorable cardiovascular and metabolic risk profile in humans. Existing methods to assess visceral adipose tissue have been limited. Thus, echocardiographic assessment of epicardial adipose tissue as a marker of visceral adiposity was suggested. The technique has been shown to be a very reliable method and an excellent measure of visceral adiposity. In this article, epicardial adipose tissue's localization on the heart, function, method of assessment and reliability as a marker of visceral adiposity is briefly reviewed. Areas of the technique requiring further study are identified.

Abstract P206: Estimation of Directly Quantified Visceral Adipose Tissue Using Cardiometabolic Biomarkers

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany M Powell-Wiley ◽  
Josh Hasan ◽  
Parasuram Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Elizabeth Weiner ◽  
Jenny Dave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Inferior Border ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been linked to increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. Furthermore, there is limited data on how anthropometric measures and known markers of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) relate to the presence of VAT. Therefore, the aim of this study was to define how CMD biomarkers relate to directly-quantified volume-based measures of VAT using computed tomography (CT) scan measurements in a well-phenotyped sample of patients from an ongoing cohort study of inflammation and CMD. Methods and Results: We evaluated the relationship between directly measured VAT, anthropometric measures [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] and CMD biomarkers [lipoproteins, lipoprotein particle size, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), insulin resistance markers] in a longitudinal study of CV risk predictors in chronic inflammation (NCT: NCT01778569). Patients underwent blood testing and CT to measure the sum of visceral adipose tissue between the diaphragm and the inferior border of the urinary bladder (slice 50-150 SumVAT) during a single baseline visit in 2012-2013 (N=42), resulting in a validated, volume-based measurement of VAT. Linear regression modeling was used to understand the relationship between VAT, anthropometric measures and CMD biomarkers. Those with higher levels of visceral adiposity were more likely to be male (p=0.05) and have higher BMI. Adjusting for age, sex, race, physical activity, smoking, and CV risk factors, HDL, hsCRP, insulin, and HOMA-IR were independent predictors of 50-150 SumVAT (Table). Conclusions: Markers of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and insulin resistance serve as independent predictors of visceral adiposity and may be useful surrogates to estimate VAT when volume-based CT measures are not possible. Therefore, these biomarkers may be used to evaluate cardio-metabolic risk in areas with limited access to imaging for defining visceral adiposity, particularly community-based settings.

scholarly journals Visceral Obesity and Plasma Glucose-Insulin Homeostasis: Contributions of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Men

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 1931-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Cartier ◽  
Isabelle Lemieux ◽  
Natalie Alméras ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
Jean Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Objective: This study examined the relationships of two inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, to visceral adiposity and indices of plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis. Research Design and Methods: Plasma levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in 189 untreated asymptomatic men (aged 43.7 ± 7.8 yr; body mass index 29.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2; waist girth 98.6 ± 10.3 cm). Results: Significant and positive associations were found between both cytokines with adiposity and adipose tissue distribution indices (0.15 ≤ r < 0.32; P < 0.05) as well as plasma glucose-insulin homeostasis variables (0.22 ≤ r < 0.28; P <0.05). Comparison of two subgroups, each composed of 32 overweight men (≥25 kg/m2) with similar body mass index values (28.7 kg/m2 in both groups) but with markedly different levels of visceral adipose tissue (< vs. ≥ 130 cm2), revealed significant differences only for IL-6 levels (1.42 ± 1.15 vs. 0.86 ± 0.52 pg/ml; P < 0.02 for men with high vs. low visceral adipose tissue, respectively). Finally, when subjects were stratified on the basis of their respective concentrations of IL-6 and TNF-α (using the 50th percentile of their overall distribution), an ANOVA revealed an independent contribution of IL-6 to the variation of fasting insulin (P < 0.01) and each of these two cytokines to the variation of insulin levels measured after a 75-g oral glucose challenge (P <0.01 for IL-6 and P < 0.05 for TNF-α). Conclusions: Because IL-6 appeared to be clearly associated with visceral adiposity, TNF-α rather showed associations with indices of total body fatness. Thus, TNF-α may contribute to the insulin resistance of overall obesity, whereas IL-6 may be one of the mediators of the hyperinsulinemic state specifically related to excess visceral adiposity.

Influence of visceral adiposity on ghrelin secretion and expression in rats during fasting

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Ying Li ◽  
Xue-Song Li ◽  
Li Shao ◽  
Zhi-yuan Wu ◽  
Wen-Hua Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion

Although circulating ghrelin levels correlate inversely with adiposity at baseline, little is known about the effect of percent visceral adipose tissue value (PVATV) on ghrelin expression and secretion in response to fasting. Our study demonstrated that ghrelin increased with 24-h fasting in rats with the lowest PVATV (less than 6%), after 3 days in rats with intermediate PVATV (6–9%) and 5 days in rats with the highest PVATV (greater than 9%). Ghrelin mRNA in the stomach was increased after 3 days in low-PVATV (5.8±0.9%) rats but not in high-PVATV (14±1.6%) rats. Therefore, both ghrelin secretion and mRNA were delayed in response to fasting in rats with increased visceral fat. In rats matched for PVATV, but with different body weights, the fasting induced similar levels of increased ghrelin while in rats with different PVATV ghrelin secretion was different in response to fasting, even when body weights were matched in two groups. These data suggested that the initial PVATV, not lean mass, was related to the pattern of plasma ghrelin in response to fasting in rats.

scholarly journals Visceral obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne L. Doyle ◽  
Claire L. Donohoe ◽  
Joanne Lysaght ◽  
John V. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Oesophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Adipose

This paper presents emerging evidence linking visceral adiposity and the metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) with carcinogenesis. The link between obesity and cancer has been clearly identified in a multitude of robust epidemiological studies. Research is now focusing on the role of visceral adipose tissue in carcinogenesis; as it is recognised as an important metabolic tissue that secretes factors that systemically alter the immunological, metabolic and endocrine milieu. Excess visceral adipose tissue gives rise to a state of chronic systemic inflammation with associated insulin resistance and dysmetabolism, collectively known as the MetSyn. Prospective cohort studies have shown associations between visceral adiposity, the MetSyn and increased risk of breast cancer, colorectal cancer and oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, visceral adiposity and the MetSyn have been associated with increased tumour progression and reduced survival. The mechanisms by which visceral adiposity and the MetSyn are thought to promote tumorigenesis are manifold. These include alterations in adipokine secretion and cell signalling pathways. In addition, hyperinsulinaemia, subsequent insulin resistance and stimulation of the insulin-like growth factor-1 axis have all been linked with visceral adiposity and promote tumour progression. Furthermore, the abundance of inflammatory cells in visceral adipose tissue, including macrophages and T-cells, create systemic inflammation and a pro-tumorigenic environment. It is clear from current research that excess visceral adiposity and associated dysmetabolism play a central role in the pathogenesis of certain cancer types. Further research is required to elucidate the exact mechanisms at play and identify potential targets for intervention.

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