scholarly journals Vegetation Cover Change and Its Diversity in Urban Areas of Medan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Zaitunah ◽  
Samsuri ◽  
Fauziah Sahara
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Class

Abstract Vegetation plays an important role in maintaining the environmental quality of urban areas. Increase in population and development of cities has led to land conversion with lesser vegetated areas. Land cover change analysis in urban areas is needed, especially for urban regional planning with green open space consideration. This research was conducted to analyze urban vegetation cover and its changes in two sub-districts of Medan between the years 1999 and 2019. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and change analysis were conducted in the research. The diversity of plant within this areas was observed. The results showed changes in vegetation cover areas in the mentioned years. In 1999, most of the areas were under a highly dense vegetation class while in 2019, they were under a low-density vegetation class. This indicates a decrease in vegetation cover due to changes to non-vegetation cover or land cover areas with less vegetation. There are a diverse of plants within the area such as paddy, cassava, corn etc and also many tree species. It is recommended to optimize the land by replanting in the area with no or less vegetation to maintain the environmental quality.

scholarly journals NDVI Based Assessment of Land Cover Changes Using Remote Sensing and GIS (A case study of Srinagar district, Kashmir)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perminder Singh ◽  
Ovais Javeed
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Thematic Mapping

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is an index of greenness or photosynthetic activity in a plant. It is a technique of obtaining  various features based upon their spectral signature  such as vegetation index, land cover classification, urban areas and remaining areas presented in the image. The NDVI differencing method using Landsat thematic mapping images and Landsat oli  was implemented to assess the chane in vegetation cover from 2001to 2017. In the present study, Landsat TM images of 2001 and landsat 8 of 2017 were used to extract NDVI values. The NDVI values calculated from the satellite image of the year 2001 ranges from 0.62 to -0.41 and that of the year 2017 shows a significant change across the whole region and its value ranges from 0.53 to -0.10 based upon their spectral signature .This technique is also  used for the mapping of changes in land use  and land cover.  NDVI method is applied according to its characteristic like vegetation at different NDVI threshold values such as -0.1, -0.09, 0.14, 0.06, 0.28, 0.35, and 0.5. The NDVI values were initially computed using the Natural Breaks (Jenks) method to classify NDVI map. Results confirmed that the area without vegetation, such as water bodies, as well as built up areas and barren lands, increased from 35 % in 2001 to 39.67 % in 2017.Key words: Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,land use/landcover, spectral signature 

scholarly journals Mapeamento da Cobertura do Solo com Base nos Princípios do Planejamento da Paisagem Aplicado ao Bairro Cabral, Curitiba/PR (Land Cover Mapping Based on Landscape Planning Principles Applied to Cabral District, Curitiba/PR)

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 731
Author(s):  
Laura Estêvez ◽  
João Carlos Nucci ◽  
Simone Valaski
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Landscape Classification ◽  
Urban Land Cover ◽  
Made In

O Planejamento da Paisagem aplicado ao meio urbanizado tem como um dos princípios a manutenção ou melhoria da qualidade ambiental urbana. A cobertura do solo urbano é um dos aspectos que interfere na qualidade ambiental. Assim, mapeou-se a cobertura do solo do bairro Cabral, Curitiba/PR e foi elaborada uma chave classificatória (legenda do mapa) destacando aspectos da estrutura de cada paisagem, com inferências sobre a dinâmica e a qualidade ambiental das paisagens do bairro. Foram utilizadas imagens de 2009 do Google Earth e a base cartográfica de 2011 do Instituto de Pesquisa e Planejamento Urbano de Curitiba (IPPUC) na escala 1:25.000. O mapa final, na escala 1:12.500, e a chave classificatória foram trabalhadas no software CorelDRAW X6. As 18 categorias de paisagens identificadas diferem entre si pela presença de espaços edificados, espaços sem edificações, vias de tráfego e terminal de ônibus, sendo a cobertura vegetal um importante aspecto que interferiu na classificação das paisagens. Com a avaliação da qualidade ambiental do bairro Cabral concluiu-se que a presença de corredores de edifícios e de barracões em pontos localizados diminui a qualidade ambiental, mas as áreas de manchas verdes importantes, que representam a cobertura vegetal, atuam como contribuintes para aumentar a qualidade ambiental e devem ser preservadas.  A B S T R A C T The Landscape Planning applied to urbanized areas has as one of the principles the upkeep or improvement of the urban environmental quality. The urban land cover is one of the aspects that interfere in the environmental quality. So that, the land cover of Cabral district, located in Curitiba/PR was mapped and qualifying key (key of map) was organized highlighting the structure aspects of which landscape, with inferences about the dynamic and the environmental quality of the district’s landscapes. It was used Google Earth images (2009) and the cartographic base (2011) from IPPUC (Institut of Research and Urban Planning of Curitiba), scale 1:25.000. The final map, in scale 1:12.500 and the qualifying key were made in software Corel Draw X6. It was identified eighteen categories of landscapes that are differed among themselves by built-up spaces, non-built-up spaces, traffic roads and bus station. The vegetation cover was an important aspect which interfered on the landscape classification. With the environmental quality evaluation of Cabral district it was concluded that the existence of lines of buildings and large sheds, in some specific areas decrease the environmental quality, but the important green spots areas, which represent the vegetation cover, act as contributors to increase the environmental quality and they should be preserved. Keywords:  Urban environmental quality; Landscape classification; Urban planning 

scholarly journals ANALISIS NILAI INDEKS KEHIJAUAN (NDVI) PADA POLA RUANG KOTA AMBON, PROVINSI MALUKU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Jan Willem Hatulesila ◽  
Gun Mardiatmoko ◽  
Irwanto Irwanto
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vacant Land ◽  
Understorey Vegetation ◽  
The Road ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Building Area

Green Open Space is a component of landscaping that greatly affects urban air both directly and indirectly. The ideal standard minimum area of ​​green open space is at least 30% of the total area of ​​the city.The study used a spatial analysis method through the approach to calculating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for vegetation cover. Overlay analysis of GIS vegetation cover maps with the Ambon city spatial pattern map, has produced a map of the city green open spatial model, which shows a picture of existing corridors of green open space patterns, building spatial patterns, and non-vegetation spatial patterns (vacant land) .The results of the analysis of the green open space model map recommend the need for areas with urban park areas, park spots areas, and tree corridor areas planted on either side of the road. Inventory method, analysis of spatial and observations carried out at nine sampling locations, showed that the location of Ambon City's green open space was ± 1.115.900 m2 or 111,59 ha, with cover of understorey vegetation (grasses and saplings) 16,31 ha. Estimated carbon content of understorey vegetation (grasses and saplings) 52,49 kg/ha and 883 kg/ha of pole and tree vegetation.  Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in nine sampling locations of Ambon City's green open space, for the area of vegetation cover is 61.58 ha or 58.31%, building area 39.63 ha or 37.52% and vacant land 4.40 ha or 4.17%.

scholarly journals A Calculation and Compiling Models of Land Cover Quality Index 2019 uses the Geographic Information System in Pariaman City, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6406-6411
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Director General ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Forest Region

The purpose of calculation and compiling the Land Cover Quality Index (LCQI) is to evaluate the value of natural and environmental resources based on land cover conditions in an administrative region such as city, regency and province in Indonesia referring to the Regulation Director General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage Number P.1/PPKL/PKLA.4/2018. The analytical method used in the calculation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Maximum likelihood classification approach, and the preparation of LCQI calculation methods based on 1) sufficiency area (forest region) and forest cover at minimal 30% on rivers and islands; 2) Ability and suitability of land minimal 25%; and 3) a link with the direction of land use in urban areas of at minimal 30%. The results showed the vegetation density index value in Pariaman city was classified as a good category with a value of 0.474903 μm, the results of a land cover classification in Pariaman City with the largest region are found in mixed gardens land of 2,736.57 ha or 37%. Whereas the smallest region is found in cypress vegetation land as a greenbelt at the coastal border 12.06 ha or 0,16%. and the results of the LCQI calculation indicate the LCQI value in 2019 (24,06) which is in the alert classification (<50). The increase in land cover outside the forest region is mainly directed at increasing green open space because Pariaman City does not have natural forest which are vulnerable to changes in land cover because of its high population density

scholarly journals Green open space analysis in West Binjai, North Sumatra

2021 ◽  
Vol 886 (1) ◽  
pp. 012095
Author(s):  
A Zaitunah ◽  
Samsuri ◽  
Rojula ◽  
A. Susilowati ◽  
D. Elfiati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Dense Medium ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
River Bank ◽  
Dense Class ◽  
North Sumatra

Abstract West Binjai is a sub-district located in Binjai City, North Sumatra. Green Open Space is also part of the Binjai city’s planning scheme which has many benefits for the community and the environment. This research used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis and NDVI value classification results in the distribution of vegetation density. Analysis of changes in vegetation density was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in West Binjai. The largest change in the area of vegetation density classes in the West Binjai between 2015 and 2020 was the increase in the area of the high dense class to 19.13%. The sub-district has green open spaces in the form of sub-district parks, public cemeteries, road green lane, river bank and private green open spaces. These green open spaces were in the low dense, medium, dense and high dense classes. There is a need for rearrangement of green open spaces, especially those within low dense class. Replanting trees are also essential to increase the quality of the green area. Improving the quality of green space will lead to the enhancement of quality of environment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Assessment of Vegetation Indices and Land Cover for Erbil City and Its Surrounding Using Modis Imageries

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shwan O. Hussein ◽  
Ferenc Kovács ◽  
Zalán Tobak
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The rate of global urbanization is exponentially increasing and reducing areas of natural vegetation. Remote sensing can determine spatiotemporal changes in vegetation and urban land cover. The aim of this work is to assess spatiotemporal variations of two vegetation indices (VI), the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), in addition land cover in and around Erbil city area between the years 2000 and 2015. MODIS satellite imagery and GIS techniques were used to determine the impact of urbanization on the surrounding quasi-natural vegetation cover. Annual mean vegetation indices were used to determine the presence of a spatiotemporal trend, including a visual interpretation of time-series MODIS VI imagery. Dynamics of vegetation gain or loss were also evaluated through the study of land cover type changes, to determine the impact of increasing urbanization on the surrounding areas of the city. Monthly rainfall, humidity and temperature changes over the 15-year-period were also considered to enhance the understanding of vegetation change dynamics. There was no evidence of correlation between any climate variable compared to the vegetation indices. Based on NDVI and EVI MODIS imagery the spatial distribution of urban areas in Erbil and the bare around it has expanded. Consequently, the vegetation area has been cleared and replaced over the past 15 years by urban growth.

scholarly journals Trends in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) associated with urban development in northern West Siberia

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 9563-9577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Esau ◽  
Victoria V. Miles ◽  
Richard Davy ◽  
Martin W. Miles ◽  
Anna Kurchatova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
Urbanized Areas

Abstract. Exploration and exploitation of oil and gas reserves of northern West Siberia has promoted rapid industrialization and urban development in the region. This development leaves significant footprints on the sensitive northern environment, which is already stressed by the global warming. This study reports the region-wide changes in the vegetation cover as well as the corresponding changes in and around 28 selected urbanized areas. The study utilizes the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from high-resolution (250 m) MODIS data acquired for summer months (June through August) over 15 years (2000–2014). The results reveal the increase of NDVI (or “greening”) over the northern (tundra and tundra-forest) part of the region. Simultaneously, the southern, forested part shows the widespread decrease of NDVI (or “browning”). These region-wide patterns are, however, highly fragmented. The statistically significant NDVI trends occupy only a small fraction of the region. Urbanization destroys the vegetation cover within the developed areas and at about 5–10 km distance around them. The studied urbanized areas have the NDVI values by 15 to 45 % lower than the corresponding areas at 20–40 km distance. The largest NDVI reduction is typical for the newly developed areas, whereas the older areas show recovery of the vegetation cover. The study reveals a robust indication of the accelerated greening near the older urban areas. Many Siberian cities become greener even against the wider browning trends at their background. Literature discussion suggests that the observed urban greening could be associated not only with special tending of the within-city green areas but also with the urban heat islands and succession of more productive shrub and tree species growing on warmer sandy soils.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Method of Assessing Environmental Quality of Urban Areas

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
S.A. Yeprintsev ◽  
O.V. Klepikov ◽  
S.V. Shekoyan
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Space Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Voronezh Region

Introduction: Spatial zoning of an urban area by the level of anthropogenic burden using land-based research methods is very time-consuming. Since the end of the 20th century, the usage of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) techniques has served as their more efficient alternative. The study objectives included geoinformation zoning and evaluation of the level of technogenic changes in the areas according to NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values. Materials and methods: The cities of the Voronezh Region and their suburban ten-kilometer territories were chosen as the study objects. For the spatial analysis of the area of anthropogenically modified territories based on the example of the cities of the Voronezh Region we created an archive of multichannel satellite images taken by the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites. The data were borrowed from the Website of the US Geological Survey. Space images were grouped by two periods (the years of 2001 and 2016). Depending on NDVI values, territories with high and low anthropogenic burden, natural framework zones, and water bodies were distinguished. Results: We established that the smallest percentage of areas of the natural framework and their poor location was observed in the city of Voronezh. The largest area occupied by the natural framework was identified within the town of Borisoglebsk. This fact is attributed to the sensible policy of ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the population implemented by the regional and municipal authorities. Discussion: At present, it is still impossible to fully use space monitoring data to assess health risks of technogenic factors; they can only be used simultaneously with ground monitoring that includes instrumental and laboratory monitoring of environmental quality indicators within the framework of the socio-hygienic monitoring. Conclusions: The analysis of changes in the proportion of areas with a high anthropogenic burden relative to the natural framework performed using satellite images taken in 2001 and 2016 showed an increase in the technogenic burden on the urban environment.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE WITH DIFFERENT INDICES ON HETEROGENEOUS LAND COVER USING LANDSAT 8 DATA

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 389-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bala ◽  
R. Prasad ◽  
V. P. Yadav ◽  
J. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Temperature Relation

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The temperature rise in urban areas has become a major environmental concern. Hence, the study of Land surface temperature (LST) in urban areas is important to understand the behaviour of different land covers on temperature. Relation of LST with different indices is required to study LST in urban areas using satellite data. The present study focuses on the relation of LST with the selected indices based on different land cover using Landsat 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) data in Varanasi, India. A regression analysis was done between LST and Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Soil Index (NDSI), Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The non-linear relations of LST with NDVI and NDWI were observed, whereas NDBI and NDSI were found to show positive linear relation with LST. The correlation of LST with NDSI was found better than NDBI. Further analysis was done by choosing 25 pure pixels from each land cover of water, vegetation, bare soil and urban areas to determine the behaviour of indices on LST for each land cover. The investigation shows that NDSI and NDBI can be effectively used for study of LST in urban areas. However, NDBI can explain urban LST in the better way for the regions without water body.</p>

scholarly journals FUSION OF SENTINEL-2 AND PLANETSCOPE IMAGERY FOR VEGETATION DETECTION AND MONITORING

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-1 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gašparović ◽  
D. Medak ◽  
I. Pilaš ◽  
L. Jurjević ◽  
I. Balenović
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Land Cover Classification ◽  
Vegetation Monitoring ◽  
Sentinel 2

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Different spatial resolutions satellite imagery with global almost daily revisit time provide valuable information about the earth surface in a short time. Based on the remote sensing methods satellite imagery can have different applications like environmental development, urban monitoring, etc. For accurate vegetation detection and monitoring, especially in urban areas, spectral characteristics, as well as the spatial resolution of satellite imagery is important. In this research, 10-m and 20-m Sentinel-2 and 3.7-m PlanetScope satellite imagery were used. Although in nowadays research Sentinel-2 satellite imagery is often used for land-cover classification or vegetation detection and monitoring, we decided to test a fusion of Sentinel-2 imagery with PlanetScope because of its higher spatial resolution. The main goal of this research is a new method for Sentinel-2 and PlanetScope imagery fusion. The fusion method validation was provided based on the land-cover classification accuracy. Three land-cover classifications were made based on the Sentinel-2, PlanetScope and fused imagery. As expected, results show better accuracy for PS and fused imagery than the Sentinel-2 imagery. PlanetScope and fused imagery have almost the same accuracy. For the vegetation monitoring testing, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Sentinel-2 and fused imagery was calculated and mutually compared. In this research, all methods and tests, image fusion and satellite imagery classification were made in the free and open source programs. The method developed and presented in this paper can easily be applied to other sciences, such as urbanism, forestry, agronomy, ecology and geology.</p>

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