scholarly journals Thermo-physcial Properties and Characterization of TiO2 based Nanofluid Blended with Moringa Oleifera Oil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUBALYA VALANTINA S ◽  
Amsavahini S ◽  
Janani S ◽  
Monisha G
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Constant Diffusion

Abstract Nanoparticle TiO2 was synthesized by the co-precipitate method and was dispersed in palm oil blended with Moringa oleifera seed oil (Enriched palm oil-EPO). Structural and compositional analysis of TiO2 nanoparticles was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) and FTIR analysis (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Using the analytical method, particle dimension, crystallite size by Debye Scherrer’s equation and vibrational energy of the molecule was investigated. Palm oil was blended with synthesised Moring oil to enhance its oxidative stability. TiO2 nanoparticles were dispersed at different volume fraction in EPO to analyse the temperature dependent physical properties. Bio-degradable lubricant nature of TiO2 based nanofluid was investigated by the variation of viscosity and density with temperature (30 to 60˚C). The amphiphilic properties of fatty acids in blended oils can contribute better lubrication compared to mineral oils. Experimented viscosity and density values with temperature was fitted to a non-linear equations, and was pragmatic that quadratic equation exhibits a best fit R2 > 0.999. Theoretical value of the viscosity was predicted using Einstein, Batchelor, and Wang mathematical model and was compared with the experimental value. Brownian motion of the particle in the oil was studied through the diffusion constant, diffusion time, and Brownian velocity. The present study could be used to synthesis nanofluid with desired volume fraction, viscosities and densities, so as work as a suitable bio degradable lubricant in many industrial applications.

Study of pumping effect in flow-through electrolysers

1983 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2232-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Roušar ◽  
Michal Provazník ◽  
Pavel Stuhl
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Pumping Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

In electrolysers with recirculation, where a gas is evolved, the pumping of electrolyte from a lower to a higher level can be effected by natural convection due to the difference between the densities of the inlet electrolyte and the gaseous emulsion at the outlet. An accurate balance equation for calculation of the rate of flow of the pumped liquid is derived. An equation for the calculation of the mean volume fraction of bubbles in the space between the electrodes is proposed and verified experimentally on a pilot electrolyser. Two examples of industrial applications are presented.

scholarly journals Collisions of Two-Phase Liquid Droplets in a Heated Gas Medium

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Pavel Tkachenko ◽  
Nikita Shlegel ◽  
Pavel Strizhak
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Droplet Breakup ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Vapor Bubbles ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Relative Volume Fraction ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Gas Medium

The paper presents the experimental research findings for the integral characteristics of processes developing when two-phase liquid droplets collide in a heated gas medium. The experiments were conducted in a closed heat exchange chamber space filled with air. The gas medium was heated to 400–500 °C by an induction system. In the experiments, the size of initial droplets, their velocities and impact angles were varied in the ranges typical of industrial applications. The main varied parameter was the percentage of vapor (volume of bubbles) in the droplet (up to 90% of the liquid volume). The droplet collision regimes (coalescence, bounce, breakup, disruption), size and number of secondary fragments, as well as the relative volume fraction of vapor bubbles in them were recorded. Differences in the collision regimes and in the distribution of secondary fragments by size were identified. The areas of liquid surface before and after the initial droplet breakup were determined. Conditions were outlined in which vapor bubbles had a significant and, on the contrary, fairly weak effect on the interaction regimes of two-phase droplets.

Wavy Motion of Viscous Bubbly Liquid in Tubes of Orthotropic Material

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Rafael Yusif Amenzadeh ◽  
Akperli Reyhan Sayyad ◽  
Faig Bakhman Ogli Naghiyev
Keyword(s):  
Orthotropic Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
Bubbly Liquid ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Wave Characteristics ◽  
Infinite Tube ◽  
Limited Process

This article investigates the pulsating flow of a compressible two-phase bubble of viscous fluid contained in an elastic orthotropicle direct axis tube. In this work, one-dimensional linear equations have been used. It is assumed that the tube is rigidly attached to the certain environment. In the case of finite length the pressure is applied at the end of its faces. In the limited process, relations obtained for a very long tube. Such a description, in a sense generalizes and strengthens the work of this type. In the numerical experiment a semi-infinite tube with flowing water containing small amount of air bubbles is considered. The influence of volume fraction of bubbles on wave characteristics is determined.

Synergistic effect of anaerobic co-digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) with Moringa oleifera extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 105885
Author(s):  
Cheau Chin Yap ◽  
Soh Kheang Loh ◽  
Yi Jing Chan ◽  
Christina Vimala Supramaniam ◽  
Mei Fong Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Determination of Phytochemical Contents of Indigenous Nigerian Softwoods

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuma S. Ezeonu ◽  
Chigozie M. Ejikeme
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Dichrostachys Cinerea ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Anogeissus Leiocarpus ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

The phytochemical contents of some milled Nigerian softwood chips were carried out in a quest to evaluate their potentials as sources of alternative medicine as well as uses in other industrial applications. The qualitative and quantitative analysis were ascertained. Tannin was found in all the Nigerian softwoods examined with the highest quantities obtained in Sterculia oblonga (1240 mg/100 g) and Barteria nigritiana (1230 mg/100 g). Highest quantities of alkaloid were obtained in Cordia millenii (11.2%) and Sterculia oblonga (10.4%). Barteria nigritiana (14.2%) and Moringa oleifera (12.2%) recorded more flavonoid content than other individual softwoods. Saponin was more in Anogeissus leiocarpus (12.5%) and Dichrostachys cinerea (9.8%). Oxalate was found to be higher in Combretodendron macrocarpum (5.84 g/100 g) and Glyphaea brevis (3.55 g/100 g). Pentaclethra macrophylla (890 mg/100 g) and Moringa oleifera (880 mg/100 g) contained more cyanogenic glycosides. Sacoglottis gabonensis (4.68 mg/g) and Pentaclethra macrophylla (4.04 mg/g) showed the highest contents of phenol, while more lipids (8% and 7.2%) were found in Anogeissus leiocarpus and Kaempferia galanga, respectively. The results showed that these Nigerian softwoods grains could be a source for the exploitation of these phytochemicals beneficial in the pharmaceutical and alternative medicine industries.

Surface Morphology and Compositional Analysis of Undoped Amorphous Carbon Thin Films via Bias Assisted Pyrolysis-CVD

2013 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 468-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ishak ◽  
K. Dayana ◽  
Mohamad Rusop
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Silicon Surfaces ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Negative Bias ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
P Type

Amorphous carbon (a:C) were successfully deposited on the silicon surfaces via bias assisted pyrolysis-CVD in the range between 350oC to 500oC with constant of negative bias -50V in 1 hour deposition. The heated of palm oil at about 150oC was vaporized then used for deposited onto p-type silicon substrates. The deposited thin films were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopic (FESEM), energy dispersive analyser x-ray (EDAX). We have found carbon element at about 0.15 keV from EDAX with surface morphology formed a nano-ball like structure at 450oC of palm oil precursor. These results indicated deformation of physical and structural thin films caused by applied negative bias and the temperature.

The Effect of Mixing Ratios on Pore Properties of Fe Foam Fabricated Using Slurry Coating Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 860 ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Jung Yeul Yun ◽  
Da Hee Park ◽  
Jei Pil Wang
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Solid Metal ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Powder Mixing ◽  
Large Volume Fraction ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Slurry Coating ◽  
Pu Foam ◽  
Pore Properties

Metal foams have a cellular structure consisting of a solid metal containing a large volume fraction of pores. In particular, open, penetrable pores are necessary for industrial applications such as in high temperature filters and as support for catalysts. In this study, Fe foam with greater than 90% porosity, 2-mm pore size was successfully fabricated using a slurry coating process and the pore properties were characterized. The Fe and Fe2O3 powder mixing ratios were controlled to produce Fe foam samples with different pore sizes and porosity. First, the slurry was prepared through the uniform mixing of powders, distilled water, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The amount of slurry coated on the PU foam increased with theFe2O3 mixing powder ratio, but the shrinkage and porosity of the Fe foams decreased, respectively, with increasing Fe2O3 mixing powder ratio.

Closed Form Dimensional Synthesis of a High-Accuracy Four-Position Tilt Mechanism

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad Tahmasebi
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Linear Equations ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Optical Bench ◽  
Dimensional Synthesis ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Stepper Motors ◽  
Synthesis Methodology ◽  
Non Linear Equations

The conceptual and closed-form dimensional synthesis of a high-accuracy four-position tilt mechanism is discussed in detail. The mechanism, which consists of a customized five-bar linkage, is capable of accurately rotating an optical bench, which supports an object such as a space instrument, or another type of similar platform to four required and discrete angular postures. The mechanism is driven by two stepper motors. Due to the special characteristics of the five-bar linkage, even relatively large stepper motor errors produce very minor errors in the four desired angular postures of the optical bench. The dimensional synthesis of the mechanism involves solving a system of four non-linear equations in four unknowns. A methodology is introduced for reducing this system of non-linear equations to a closed-form quadratic equation in one unknown. A numerical example of the closed-form dimensional synthesis methodology is also presented.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera Lam.: A Biofunctional Edible Plant from India, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. N. Pandey ◽  
Vandana Chauhan ◽  
V. S. Pandey ◽  
P. P. Upadhyaya ◽  
Olga R. Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Common Illnesses ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

Moringa oleifera is a versatile horticulture tree with important medicinal, nutritional and industrial applications, widely distributed and used in India. The Moringa tree originated in India and was introduced to Africa from India and other countries as a health supplement. Almost all parts of the plant have shown nutritional value and are used in India for a variety of food preparations. In India, M. oleifera leaves are available in powder to treat mild malnourishment in children. About all parts like leaves, seeds and pods are used as vegetables. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids and others, are responsible for the medicinal value of this plant. This species is rich in protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that form part of its quality as superfood. It has been reported to have strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, anthelminthic and antiurolithiatic properties, among others. People in India use this species to treat common illnesses because of its availability and easy preparation. This review provides information on the significant potential of Moringa and its nutritional, medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial values.

scholarly journals Theoretical Analysis of Cu-H2O, Al2O3-H2O, and TiO2-H2O Nanofluid Flow Past a Rotating Disk with Velocity Slip and Convective Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Abdullah Dawar ◽  
Ebenezer Bonyah ◽  
Saeed Islam ◽  
Ahmed Alshehri ◽  
Zahir Shah
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Velocity Slip ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Nanoparticle Volume Fraction ◽  
Convective Conditions ◽  
Surface Drag ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Shaped Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Based

The nanofluids can be used in the subsequent precise areas like chemical nanofluids, environmental nanofluids, heat transfer nanofluids, pharmaceutical nanofluids, drug delivery nanofluids, and process/extraction nanofluids. In short, the number of engineering and industrial applications of nanofluid technologies, as well as their emphasis on particular industrial applications, has been increased recently. Therefore, this exploration is carried out to analyze the nanofluid flow past a rotating disk with velocity slip and convective conditions. The water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of copper, alumina, and titanium have been considered in this analysis. The modeled problem has been solved with the help of homotopic technique. Convergence of the homotopic technique is shown with the help of the figure. The role of the physical factors on radial and tangential velocities, temperature, surface drag force, and heat transfer rate are displayed through figures and tables. The outcomes demonstrate that the surface drag force of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 has been reduced with a greater magnetic field. The radial and tangential velocities of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2, and pure water have been augmented via magnetic parameter. The radial velocity of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticle of Cu has been augmented via nanoparticle volume fraction, whereas reduced for the Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles. The tangential velocity of the water-based spherical-shaped nanoparticles of Cu, Al2O3, and TiO2 has reduced via nanoparticle volume fraction. Also, the variations in radial and tangential velocities are greater for slip conditions as compared to no-slip conditions.

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