In Vitro Assessment of Antioxidative Potential of Goat Milk, Casein and its Hydrolysates: Comparison of Goat Milk with Bovine and Buffalo milk

Abstract The present study was executed with an aim to explore the antioxidative potential of goat, cow, and buffalo milk. Buffalo milk has showed highest antioxidative potential than goat and cow milk as measured by ABTS, ORAC, and DPPH assays, whereas goat milk has showed better antioxidative potential than cow milk when measured by ORAC and DPPH. Further, the effect of temperature on the antioxidative potential of goat milk was assessed. An increase in temperature has a negatively affect the antioxidative potential of goat milk. The antioxidative potential of goat milk was in the following order: raw milk > pasteurized milk > boiled milk. Casein derived from goat milk by isoelectric precipitation was hydrolyzed by gastrointestinal enzymes pepsin (P), trypsin (T), chymotrypsin (C), and their combinations PT, PC, TC, and PTC. Among all the casein hydrolysates, the maximum antioxidative potential was found in PT hydrolysate, further fractionated by 10, 3 and 1 kDa ultrafiltration membranes. 3–10 kDa fraction exhibited maximum antioxidative potential in comparison to other fractions of PT hydrolysate. Our results suggested that antioxidative potential of goat milk and its hydrolysates could be an important mean to obtain natural antioxidative peptides.

Download Full-text

In vitro assessment of antioxidative potential of goat milk, casein and its hydrolysates: Comparison of goat milk with bovine and buffalo milk

Indian Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i05.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 74 (5) ◽

pp. 402-408

Author(s):

Sunny Kalyan ◽

Sunita Meena ◽

Suman Kapila ◽

Radha Yadav ◽

Gaurav Kr Deshwal

Keyword(s):

Goat Milk ◽

Buffalo Milk ◽

In Vitro Assessment ◽

Milk Casein

Download Full-text

In vitro assessment of ACE inhibitory activity of A1 and A2 cow milk casein hydrolysate

Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies ◽

10.22271/j.ento.2021.v9.i1v.8363 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1575-1578

Author(s):

Lalita Garg ◽

Geeta Chauhan ◽

SK Mendiratta ◽

Kamal Kumar

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Casein Hydrolysate ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Ace Inhibitory Activity ◽

In Vitro Assessment ◽

Milk Casein ◽

Ace Inhibitory

Download Full-text

Dynamic in vitro gastric digestion of infant formulae made with goat milk and cow milk: Influence of protein composition

International Dairy Journal ◽

10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.06.002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 76-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aiqian Ye ◽

Jian Cui ◽

Elizabeth Carpenter ◽

Colin Prosser ◽

Harjinder Singh

Keyword(s):

Goat Milk ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Gastric Digestion ◽

Infant Formulae

Download Full-text

Proteolytic and lipolytic potential of Pseudomonas spp. from goat and bovine raw milk

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5645 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 1577-1583 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José C. Ribeiro Júnior ◽

Pedro I. Teider Junior ◽

André L.M. Oliveira ◽

Edson A. Rios ◽

Ronaldo Tamanini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bovine Milk ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Species Level ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Production Potential ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Pseudomonas Spp ◽

Milk Samples ◽

The Mean

ABSTRACT: Pseudomonas, the main genus of gram-negative microorganisms isolated from milk, is psychrotrophic, biofilm-forming, and thermo-resistant deteriorating enzyme producers. The aim of this study was to quantify Pseudomonas spp. in goat’s and cow’s milk produced in the Paraná state, Brazil, to evaluate the deteriorating activity of the isolates at mesophilic and psychrotrophic conditions and to identify, at the species level, the isolates with alkaline metalloprotease (aprX gene) production potential. Microbiological, biochemical and molecular methods were used for isolating, confirming and identifying of isolates. The mean counts were 1.6 (±6.3)x104 and 0.89(±3)x102 CFU/mL for goat and bovine milk samples, respectively, immediately after milking. Of the Pseudomonas colonies isolated from goat milk (n=60), 91.7% showed proteolytic potential when incubated at 35°C/48 h and 80% at 7°C/10 days, and lipolytic potential was observed in 95% of the isolates incubated in mesophilic and 78.3% at refrigeration conditions. From the isolates of bovine milk (n=20), 35% showed proteolytic activity only when incubated at 35°C/48 h, and lipolytic potential was observed in 25% of the isolates incubated at 7°C/10d and 35°C/48h. It was observed that 83.3% and 25% of the isolates genetically confirmed as Pseudomonas spp. of goat and bovine milk showed the potential for alkaline metalloprotease production, with the species P. azotoformans, P. koreensis, P. gessardii, P. monteilii and P. lurida being the most frequent in goat milk and P. aeruginosa the only species identified in cow milk.

Download Full-text

Enterotoxins production, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from refrigerated raw cow milk

Acta Scientiarum Technology ◽

10.4025/actascitechnol.v42i1.45231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e45231

Author(s):

Camila Lampugnani ◽

Maike Taís Maziero Montanhini ◽

Maria Emilene Martino Campos‐Galvão ◽

Luis Augusto Nero ◽

Luciano dos Santos Bersot

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Vitro Assay ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Adherence Ability

This study aimed to isolate Staphylococcus aureus in refrigerated raw cow milk, and identify the presence of enterotoxin-expression genes, enterotoxin production and adherence ability, and antimicrobial resistance potential of the isolated strains. Fifty raw milk samples obtained in different dairy farms were analyzed for S. aureus and evaluated in the isolates the presence of genes associated with the production of major staphylococcal enterotoxins and biofilm formation. In vitro assays were also performed to evaluate the production of enterotoxins and adherence ability, and the antimicrobial resistance. One half (25/50) of raw milk samples presented coagulase-positive staphylococci and 95.2% of the isolates were confirmed to be S. aureus. Among them, 42.4% were carrying genes for enterotoxins production; however, only one isolate was able to produce enterotoxins. All S. aureus isolates were carrying at least two genes associated with biofilm formation and 95.2% isolates was able to adhere upon the in vitro assay. All isolates demonstrated antimicrobial resistance potential to one or more of the tested antibiotics.

Download Full-text

An in-vitro assessment of antifungal and antibacterial activity of cow, camel, ewe, and goat milk kefir and probiotic yogurt

Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization ◽

10.1007/s11694-020-00645-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Azizkhani ◽

Per Erik Joakim Saris ◽

Mehdi Baniasadi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Probiotic Yogurt ◽

In Vitro Assessment

Download Full-text

THE ANTISTREPTOCOCCAL PROPERTY OF MILK

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.95.1.25 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

pp. 25-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Armine T. Wilson ◽

Herman Rosenblum

Keyword(s):

Goat Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Group A Streptococci ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Group A ◽

Resistant Strains ◽

Intermediate Degree

The measurement in vitro of lactenin, the antistreptococcal substance of milk, is affected by the size of the inoculum, the temperature of incubation, and the type of medium employed. Hemolytic streptococci belonging to the several serological groups vary in susceptibility to lactenin. All group A streptococci, regardless of type, are highly sensitive to it, and milk receiving a small inoculum sterilizes itself within 48 hours or less. By contrast, most strains of groups B, C, D, and E, although they may temporarily be inhibited, ultimately achieve full growth. Strains belonging to groups F, G, H, K, and L vary in sensitivity, some being fully inhibited and others achieving full growth. When streaked on the surface of milk-agar plates and examined at the end of 24 hours the streptococci fall into two classes: sensitive strains which do not produce visible colonies on the plate, and resistant strains which grow excellently. Very few strains show an intermediate degree of sensitivity. Human and goat milk contain an antistreptococcal principle which appears to be the same as the lactenin of cow milk, since streptococci which are inhibited by milk from one species are inhibited by milk from the others, and vice versa.

Download Full-text

Comparison of the Bifidogenic Effects of Goat and Cow Milk-Based Infant Formulas to Human Breast Milk in an in vitro Gut Model for 3-Month-Old Infants

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2020.608495 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Gallier ◽

Pieter Van den Abbeele ◽

Colin Prosser

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Infant Formula ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Common Source ◽

Human Breast Milk ◽

Infant Formulas ◽

Infant Gut Microbiome

Human milk contains prebiotic components, such as human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which stimulate the growth of specific members of the infant gut microbiota (e.g., Bifidobacteria). Plant-based or synthetic oligosaccharides are often added to infant formulas to simulate the bifidogenic effect of HMOs. Cow milk, the most common source of protein in infant formula, and goat milk, used increasingly in the manufacture of infant formula, contain naturally-occurring prebiotics. This study compared the upper gastrointestinal digestion and subsequent colonic fermentation of human milk vs. goat and cow milk-based infant formulas (goat IF and cow IF, respectively), without additional oligosaccharides using an in vitro model for 3-month-old infants based on the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®). First, a dialysis approach using 3.5 kDa membranes was demonstrated to simulate small intestinal absorption of carbohydrates in conditions similar to those in vivo. During the in vitro digestion experiment, oligosaccharides were detected in human milk and goat IF but barely detected in the cow IF. Further, all three milk matrices decreased colonic pH by boosting acetate, lactate, and propionate production, which related to increased abundances of acetate/lactate-producing Bifidobacteriaceae for human milk (+25.7%) and especially goat IF (33.8%) and cow IF (37.7%). Only cow IF stimulated butyrate production which correlated with an increase in Lachnospiraceae and Clostridiaceae. Finally, Enterobacteriaceae and Acidaminococcaceae also increased with all three milk matrices, while production of proteolytic metabolites (branched-chain fatty acids) was only detected for the cow IF. Overall, goat and cow milk-based formulas without added oligosaccharides impacted gut microbial activity and composition similarly to human milk. This suggests that even without supplementation of formula with oligosaccharides, whole goat milk, whole cow milk and cow milk ingredients already supply compounds in formulas that exert beneficial bifidogenic effects. Further clinical research is warranted to elucidate the effect of whole goat milk-based formulas on the infant gut microbiome.

Download Full-text