Degradation of Acid Red B by Manganese doped iron oxychloride and Permonosulfate: Performance and Inhomogeneous Activation Mechanism

Abstract manganese doped iron oxychloride (Mn-FeOCl) was synthesized by partial pyrolysis method. The Mn-FeOCl was used as heterogeneous catalyst to activate permonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of azo dye acid red B(ARB) for the first time. The Mn-FeOCl was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD). The effects of Mn-FeOCl dosage, PMS concentration, initial pH value, Cl ion concentration and humic acid (HA) dosage on the degradation of ARB by Mn-FeOCl/PMS were investigated. Results showed that the ARB was degraded effectively by Mn-FeOCl/PMS. The mineralization rate of ARB reached 42.5%. As the Mn-FeOCl dosage was 0.1g/L, PMS concentration was 1mmol/L, and ARB concentration was 0.05mmol/L, the degradation rate of ARB reached 99.4% in 30 minutes. With the increase of PMS dosage, Mn-FeOCl dosage, Cl− ion concentration and initial pH value, the decolorization effect of ARB increased. The reaction mechanism was analyzed by free radical quenching experiment and XPS. The main active species were determined as ·OH and SO4·− which generated by PMS activation. The SO4·−−was the main active species.

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Synthesis of Ce1−xPdxO2−δ Solid Solution in Molten Nitrate

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10060640 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 640

Author(s):

Hideaki Sasaki ◽

Keisuke Sakamoto ◽

Masami Mori ◽

Tatsuaki Sakamoto

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Solid Solution ◽

Solid Solutions ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Co Precipitation ◽

Ionic States

CeO2-based solid solutions in which Pd partially substitutes for Ce attract considerable attention, owing to their high catalytic performances. In this study, the solid solution (Ce1−xPdxO2−δ) with a high Pd content (x ~ 0.2) was synthesized through co-precipitation under oxidative conditions using molten nitrate, and its structure and thermal decomposition were examined. The characteristics of the solid solution, such as the change in a lattice constant, inhibition of sintering, and ionic states, were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)−EDS, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The synthesis method proposed in this study appears suitable for the easy preparation of CeO2 solid solutions with a high Pd content.

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Aluminum Nitride-Silicon Carbide Alloy Crystals Grown on SiC Substrates by Sublimation

MRS Internet Journal of Nitride Semiconductor Research ◽

10.1557/s1092578300000569 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Z. Gu ◽

L. Du ◽

J.H. Edgar ◽

E.A. Payzant ◽

L. Walker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Original Source ◽

X Ray ◽

Alloy Crystal ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Crystal Substrate ◽

Vapor Distribution ◽

Uniform Composition

AlN-SiC alloy crystals, with a thickness greater than 500 µm, were grown on 4H- and 6H-SiC substrates from a mixture of AlN and SiC powders by the sublimation-recondensation method at 1860-1990 °C. On-axis SiC substrates produced a rough surface covered with hexagonal grains, while 6H- and 4H- off-axis SiC substrates with different miscut angles (8° or 3.68°) formed a relatively smooth surface with terraces and steps. The substrate misorientation ensured that the AlN-SiC alloy crystals grew two dimensionally as identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed that the AlN-SiC alloys had the wurtzite structure. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) demonstrated that the resultant alloy crystals had non-stoichiometric ratios of Al:N and Si:C and a uniform composition throughout the alloy crystal from the interface to the surface. The composition ratio of Al:Si of the alloy crystals changed with the growth temperature, and differed from the original source composition, which was consistent with the results predicted by thermodynamic calculation of the solid-vapor distribution of each element. XPS detected the bonding between Si-C, Si-N, Si-O for the Si 2p spectra. The dislocation density decreased with the growth, which was lower than 106 cm−2 at the alloy surface, more than two orders of magnitude lower compared to regions close to the crystal/substrate interface, as determined by TEM.

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Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Fe3O4/Graphene Aerogels for the Removal of Arsenic Ions from Water

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2015/864864 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yan Ye ◽

Da Yin ◽

Bin Wang ◽

Qingwen Zhang

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Graphene Aerogels ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Removal Of Arsenic

We report the synthesis of three-dimensional Fe3O4/graphene aerogels (GAs) and their application for the removal of arsenic (As) ions from water. The morphology and properties of Fe3O4/GAs have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and superconducting quantum inference device. The 3D nanostructure shows that iron oxide nanoparticles are decorated on graphene with an interconnected network structure. It is found that Fe3O4/GAs own a capacity of As(V) ions adsorption up to 40.048 mg/g due to their remarkable 3D structure and existence of magnetic Fe3O4nanoparticles for separation. The adsorption isotherm matches well with the Langmuir model and kinetic analysis suggests that the adsorption process is pseudo-second-ordered. In addition to the excellent adsorption capability, Fe3O4/GAs can be easily and effectively separated from water, indicating potential applications in water treatment.

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Microwave-assisted preparation of ZnS and ZnSe nanocrystals with different morphologies for photodegradation process of organic dyes

Proceedings 17th International Conference on Microwave and High Frequency Heating ◽

10.4995/ampere2019.2019.9998 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Matras-Postolek ◽

A. Zaba ◽

S. Sovinska ◽

D. Bogdal

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Zinc Sulphide ◽

Conventional Heating ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Zinc sulphide (ZnS) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) and manganese-doped and un-doped with different morphologies from 1D do 3D microflowers were successfully fabricated in only a few minutes by solvothermal reactions under microwave irradiation. In order to compare the effect of microwave heating on the properties of obtained nanocrystals, additionally the synthesis under conventional heating was conducted additionally in similar conditions. The obtained nanocrystals were systematically characterized in terms of structural and optical properties using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy (DR UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis. The photocatalytic activity of ZnSe, ZnS, ZnS:Mn and ZnSe:Mn nanocrystals with different morphologies was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) and Rhodamine 6G (R6G), respectively. The results show that Mn doped NCs samples had higher coefficient of degradation of organic dyes under ultraviolet irradiation (UV).

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Synthesis and characterization of homogeneous lead-substituted tin oxide with the (110) face of rutile structure

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2000.0298 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 2076-2079

Author(s):

Chika Nozaki ◽

Takashi Yamada ◽

Kenji Tabata ◽

Eiji Suzuki

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Synthesis And Characterization ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Rutile Structure ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Scanning Electron

Synthesis of a rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide with (110) face was investigated. The characterization was performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurements. The homogeneous rutile-type lead-substituted tin oxide was obtained until 4.1 mol% of tin was substituted with lead. The surface of obtained oxide had a homogeneously lead-substituted (110) face.

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Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon as a Catalyst for the Effective Degradation of Rhodamine B dye

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 926

Author(s):

Shamim Ahmed Hira ◽

Mohammad Yusuf ◽

Dicky Annas ◽

Hu Shi Hui ◽

Kang Hyun Park

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Rhodamine B ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

High Porosity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron

Activated carbon (AC) was fabricated from carrot waste using ZnCl2 as the activating agent and calcined at 700 °C for 2 h in a tube furnace. The as-synthesized AC was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis; the results revealed that it exhibited a high specific surface area and high porosity. Moreover, this material displayed superior catalytic activity for the degradation of toxic Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Rate constant for the degradation of RhB was ascertained at different experimental conditions. Lastly, we used the Arrhenius equation and determined that the activation energy for the decomposition of RhB using AC was approximately 35.9 kJ mol−1, which was very low. Hopefully it will create a great platform for the degradation of other toxic dye in near future.

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Solvent-Tuned Synthesis of Mesoporous Nickel Cobaltite Nanostructures and Their Catalytic Properties

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9061100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1100 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiangfeng Guan ◽

Peihui Luo ◽

Yunlong Yu ◽

Xiaoyan Li ◽

Dagui Chen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Catalytic Activities ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Nickel Cobaltite ◽

Solvent Type ◽

Bet Method ◽

Mesoporous Nico2o4

In this paper, we prepared mesoporous nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) nanostructures with multi-morphologies by simple solvothermal and subsequent heat treatment. By adjusting the solvent type, mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanoparticles, nanorods, nanowires, and microspheres were easily prepared. The as-prepared products were systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. Furthermore, the catalytic activities towards the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) of as-prepared NiCo2O4 nanostructures were investigated.

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Luminescence Studies and Judd–Ofelt Analysis on SiO2@LaPO4:Eu@SiO2 Submicro-spheres with Different Size of Intermediate Shells

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49323-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaowei Zhu ◽

Kuisuo Yang ◽

Anping Wu ◽

He Bai ◽

Jinrong Bao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Transition ◽

Dipole Transition ◽

Rare Earth Ions ◽

Photoluminescence Intensity ◽

The Novel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron

Abstract The novel submicro-spheres SiO2@LaPO4:Eu@SiO2 with core-shell-shell structures were prepared by connecting the SiO2 submicro-spheres and the rare earth ions through an organosilane HOOCC6H4N(CONH(CH2)3Si(OCH2CH3)3 (MABA-Si). The as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). It is found that the intermediate shell of the submicro-spheres was composed by LaPO4:Eu nanoparticles with the size of about 4, 5–7, or 15–34 nm. A possible formation mechanism for the SiO2@LaPO4:Eu@SiO2 submicro-spheres has been proposed. The dependence of the photoluminescence intensity on the size of the LaPO4:Eu nanoparticles has been investigated. The intensity ratios of electrical dipole transition 5D0 → 7F2 to magnetic dipole transition 5D0 → 7F1 of Eu3+ ions were increased with decreasing the size of LaPO4:Eu nanoparticles. According to the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) theory, when the size of LaPO4:Eu nanoparticles was about 4, 5–7 and 15–34 nm, the calculated J-O parameter Ω2 (optical transition intensity parameter) was 2.30 × 10−20, 1.80 × 10−20 and 1.20 × 10−20, respectively. The increase of Ω2 indicates that the symmetry of Eu3+ in the LaPO4 lattice was gradually reduced. The photoluminescence intensity of the SiO2@LaPO4:Eu@SiO2 submicro-spheres was unquenched in aqueous solution even after 15 days.

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Reduced Graphene Oxide–Epoxy Grafted Poly(Styrene-Co-Acrylate) Composites for Corrosion Protection of Mild Steel

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9100666 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 666

Author(s):

Xinchuan Fan ◽

Yue Hu ◽

Yijun Zhang ◽

Jiachen Lu ◽

Xiaofeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Corrosion Properties ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Scanning Electron

Reduced graphene oxide–epoxy grafted poly(styrene-co-acrylate) composites (GESA) were prepared by anchoring different amount of epoxy modified poly(styrene-co-acrylate) (EPSA) onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets through π–π electrostatic attraction. The GESA composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The anti-corrosion properties of rGO/EPSA composites were evaluated by electro-chemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in hydroxyl-polyacrylate coating, and the results revealed that the corrosion rate was decreased from 3.509 × 10−1 to 1.394 × 10−6 mm/a.

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Characterization of Fe–Ni(C) nanocapsules synthesized by arc discharge in methane

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1999.0240 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 1782-1790 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

X. L. Dong ◽

Z. D. Zhang ◽

S. R. Jin ◽

W. M. Sun ◽

X. G. Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Carbon Layer ◽

Magnetization Measurement ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Energy Disperse Spectroscopy

Ultrafine Fe–Ni(C) particles of various compositions were prepared by arc discharge synthesis in a methane atmosphere. The particles were characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy disperse spectroscopy, chemical analysis, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetization measurement. The carbon atoms solubilizing at interstitial sites in γ–(Fe, Ni, C) solution particles have the effects of forming austenite structure and changing microstructures as well as magnetic properties. A carbon layer covers the surface of Fe–Ni(C) particles to form the nanocapsules and protect them from oxidization. The mechanism of forming Fe–Ni(C) nanocapsules in the methane atmosphere was analyzed.

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