Altered Static and Dynamic Voxel-mirrored Homotopic Connectivity in Patients With Frontal Glioma

Abstract Contralateral regions play critical role in functional compensation in glioma patients. Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) characterizes the internal functional connectivity of the brain, which is considered to have a regional functional basis. This study aims to investigate the alterations of brain regional function and VMHC in patients with frontal glioma, and further investigate physiological significance of these alterations. We enrolled 22 patients with frontal glioma and 22 demography matched healthy controls (HC). We determined degree centrality (DC), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and VMHC to investigate the alterations of regional function and internal functional connectivity in patients. Furthermore, partial correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between these indicators and cognitive functions.Compared with HC, patients showed decrease in static VMHC, DC, ReHo and dynamic ReHo (dReHo) within right middle frontal gyrus (MFG.R), left middle frontal gyrus (MFG.L), right precuneus(PCUN.R), left precuneus(PCUN.L), left limbic lobe (LIMB.L), right superior frontal gyrus (SFG.R), right postcentral gyrus (POCG.R), right inferior parietal lobule (IPL.R), but increase in dynamic VMHC (dVMHC) within PCUN.R and PCUN.L. Meanwhile, MFG.R with decreased VMHC, LIMB.L with decreased DC, LIMB.L with decreased ReHo, and PCUN.R with increased dVMHC were significantly positively correlated with cognitive function, but the SFG.R with decreased DC was significantly negatively correlated with memory. This study preliminarily confirmed glioma not only cause regional dysfunction, but also disturb long-distance functional connectivity, and the long-distance functional connectivity showed strong instability in patients with frontal glioma. Meanwhile, the altered functional indicators may compensate cognitive function in patients with frontal glioma.

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Form and Function in Cells of the Brain

The Neuron ◽

10.1093/med/9780199773893.003.0002 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 23-38

Author(s):

Irwin B. Levitan ◽

Leonard K. Kaczmarek

Keyword(s):

Axonal Transport ◽

Molecular Motors ◽

Critical Role ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Cell Types ◽

Neuronal Cell Body ◽

Long Distance ◽

Form And Function ◽

And Function ◽

The Brain

This chapter examines unique mechanisms that the neuron has evolved to establish and maintain the form required for its specialized signaling functions. Unlike some other organs, the brain contains a variety of cell types including several classes of glial cells, which play a critical role in the formation of the myelin sheath around axons and may be involved in immune responses, synaptic transmission, and long-distance calcium signaling in the brain. Neurons share many features in common with other cells (including glia), but they are distinguished by their highly asymmetrical shapes. The neuronal cytoskeleton is essential for establishing this cell shape during development and for maintaining it in adulthood. The process of axonal transport moves vesicles and other organelles to regions remote from the neuronal cell body. Proteins such as kinesin and dynein, called molecular motors, make use of the energy released by hydrolysis of ATP to drive axonal transport.

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Sensory Gating Capacity and Attentional Function in Adults With ADHD: A Preliminary Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Study

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716629716 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1199-1209 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi ◽

Régis Lopez ◽

Michel Cermolacce ◽

Florence Vaillant ◽

Pauline Péri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Sensory Input ◽

Neuropsychological Test ◽

Sensory Gating ◽

Adult Patients ◽

P300 Amplitude ◽

Oddball Paradigm ◽

Protective Mechanism ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Objective: The inability to filter sensory input correctly may impair higher cognitive function in ADHD. However, this relationship remains largely elusive. The objectives of the present study is to investigate the relationship between sensory input processing and cognitive function in adult patients with ADHD. Method: This study investigated the relationship between deficit in sensory gating capacity (P50 amplitude changes in a double-click conditioning-testing paradigm and perceptual abnormalities related to sensory gating deficit with the Sensory Gating Inventory [SGI]) and attentional and executive function (P300 amplitude in an oddball paradigm and attentional and executive performances with a neuropsychological test) in 24 adult patients with ADHD. Results: The lower the sensory gating capacity of the brain and the higher the distractibility related to sensory gating inability that the patients reported, the lower the P300 amplitude. Conclusion: The capacity of the brain to gate the response to irrelevant incoming sensory input may be a fundamental protective mechanism that prevents the flooding of higher brain structures with irrelevant information in adult patients with ADHD.

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Use of 99mTc-HMPAO Brain SPECT in Patients with Arterial Hypertension: Correlation with Cognitive Function

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1084.492 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1084 ◽

pp. 492-495

Author(s):

Irina Yu. Efimova ◽

Nataliya Yu. Efimova ◽

Sergey V. Triss ◽

Yuri B. Lishmanov

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Function ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Brain Perfusion ◽

Brain Spect ◽

Thought Processes ◽

Psychomotor Speed ◽

Hypertensive Patients ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Article focuses on the use of 99mTc-HMPAO brain SPECT for evaluation of cerebral blood flow in patients with arterial hypertension and identification of the relationship of brain perfusion and cognitive function. Using SPECT of brain with 99mTc-HMPAO it was found out that hypertensive patients even in the absence of focal neurological symptoms have hypoperfusion of the brain which leads to cognitive dysfunction: decreased attention, psychomotor speed and slow thought processes.

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Multi-Hops Functional Connectivity Improves Individual Prediction of Fusiform Face Activation via a Graph Neural Network

Frontiers in Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnins.2020.596109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Dongya Wu ◽

Xin Li ◽

Jun Feng

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Connectivity ◽

Face Area ◽

The Face ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right ◽

And Function ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Brain connectivity plays an important role in determining the brain region’s function. Previous researchers proposed that the brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s input and output connectivity profiles. Following this proposal, numerous studies have investigated the relationship between connectivity and function. However, this proposal only utilizes direct connectivity profiles and thus is deficient in explaining individual differences in the brain region’s function. To overcome this problem, we proposed that a brain region’s function is characterized by that region’s multi-hops connectivity profile. To test this proposal, we used multi-hops functional connectivity to predict the individual face activation of the right fusiform face area (rFFA) via a multi-layer graph neural network and showed that the prediction performance is essentially improved. Results also indicated that the two-layer graph neural network is the best in characterizing rFFA’s face activation and revealed a hierarchical network for the face processing of rFFA.

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Brain hubs defined in the group do not overlap with regions of high inter-individual variability

10.1101/2021.10.17.464723 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Derek Martin Smith ◽

Brian T Kraus ◽

Ally Dworetsky ◽

Evan M Gordon ◽

Caterina Gratton

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Brain Function ◽

Critical Role ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Spatial Proximity ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Multiple Networks ◽

Human Connectome Project ◽

The Brain

Connector 'hubs' are brain regions with links to multiple networks. These regions are hypothesized to play a critical role in brain function. While hubs are often identified based on group-average functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, there is considerable inter-subject variation in the functional connectivity profiles of the brain, especially in association regions where hubs tend to be located. Here we investigated how group hubs are related to locations of inter-individual variability, to better understand if hubs are (a) relatively conserved across people, (b) locations with malleable connectivity, leading individuals to show variable hub profiles, or (c) artifacts arising from cross-person variation. To answer this question, we compared the locations of hubs and regions of strong idiosyncratic functional connectivity ("variants") in both the Midnight Scan Club and Human Connectome Project datasets. Group hubs defined based on the participation coefficient did not overlap strongly with variants. These hubs have relatively strong similarity across participants and consistent cross-network profiles. Consistency across participants was further improved when participation coefficient hubs were allowed to shift slightly in local position. Thus, our results demonstrate that group hubs defined with the participation coefficient are generally consistent across people, suggesting they may represent conserved cross-network bridges. More caution is warranted with alternative hub measures, such as community density, which are based on spatial proximity and show higher correspondence to locations of individual variability.

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Functional connectivity and microstructural changes of the brain in primary Sjögren syndrome: the relationship with depression

Acta Radiologica ◽

10.1177/0284185120909982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1684-1694

Author(s):

Artemis Andrianopoulou ◽

Anastasia K Zikou ◽

Loukas G Astrakas ◽

Nafsika Gerolymatou ◽

Vasileios Xydis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Resting State ◽

Pulse Sequence ◽

Sjogren Syndrome ◽

White Matter Tracts ◽

Microstructural Changes ◽

Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

Background Fatigue and depression are among the most common manifestations of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS), but information is lacking on the relationship with brain function and microstructural changes. Purpose To investigate microstructural changes and brain connectivity in pSS, and to evaluate their relationship with fatigue and depression. Material and Methods The study included 29 patients with pSS (mean age 61.2 ± 12.1 years; disease duration 10.5 ± 5.9 years) and 28 controls (mean age 58.4 ± 9.2 years). All the patients completed the Beck’s depression and Fatigue Assessment Scale questionnaires. The imaging protocol consisted of: (i) standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pulse sequences (FLAIR, 3D T1W); (ii) a diffusion tensor imaging pulse sequence; and (iii) a resting state functional MRI pulse sequence. Resting state brain networks and maps of diffusion metrics were calculated and compared between patients and controls. Results Compared with the controls, the patients with pSS and depression showed increased axial, radial, and mean diffusivity and decreased fractional anisotropy; those without depression showed decreased axial diffusivity in major white matter tracts (superior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulum, uncinate fasciculus, and forceps minor-major). Decreased brain activation in the sensorimotor network was observed in the patients with pSS compared with the controls. No correlation was found between fatigue and structural or functional changes of the brain. Conclusion pSS is associated with functional connectivity abnormalities of the somatosensory cortex and microstructural abnormalities in major white matter tracts, which are more pronounced in depression.

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Task-fMRI Group and Functional Connectivity Analysis of the Brain During Faradarmani Consciousness Field Connection

10.20944/preprints202109.0248.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ali Taheri ◽

Sara Torabi ◽

Noushin Nabavi ◽

Fatemeh Modarresi-Asem ◽

Majid Abbasi Sisara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Connectivity ◽

Human Brain ◽

Frontal Lobe ◽

Critical Role ◽

Group Analysis ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Connectivity Analysis ◽

Functional Connectivity Analysis ◽

Cognitive Activities ◽

The Brain

Task fMRI has played a critical role in recognizing the specific functions of the different regions of human brain during various cognitive activities. This study aimed to investigate group analysis and functional connectivity in the Faradarmangars brain during the Faradarmani CF (FCF) connection. Using task functional MRI (task-fMRI), we attempted the identification of different activated and deactivated brain regions during the Consciousness Filed connection. Clusters that showed significant differences in peak intensity between task and rest group were selected as seeds for seed-voxel analysis. Connectivity of group differences in functional connectivity analysis was determined following each activation and deactivation network. In this study, we report the fMRI-based representation of the FCF connection at the human brain level. The group analysis of FCF connection task revealed activation of frontal lobe (BA6/BA10/BA11). Moreover, seed based functional connectivity analysis showed decreased connectivity within activated clusters and posterior Cingulate Gyrus (BA31). Moreover, we observed an increased connectivity within deactivated clusters and frontal lobe (BA11/BA47) during the FCF connection. Activation clusters as well as the increased and decreased connectivity between different regions of the brain during the FCF connection, firstly, validates the significant effect of the FCF and secondly, indicates a distinctive pattern of connection with this non-material and non-energetic field, in the brain.

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Editorial: Functional Connectivity: Dissecting the Relationship Between the Brain and “Pain Centralization” in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Arthritis & Rheumatology ◽

10.1002/art.40454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 977-980 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yvonne C. Lee ◽

Vitaly Napadow ◽

Marco L. Loggia

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain

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Gastrointestinal Sensing of Meal-Related Signals in Humans, and Dysregulations in Eating-Related Disorders

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061298 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1298 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Maryam Hajishafiee ◽

Vida Bitarafan ◽

Christine Feinle-Bisset

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Critical Role ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Gut Hormones ◽

Gi Tract ◽

Nutrient Contents ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Brain ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal

The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract plays a critical role in sensing the arrival of a meal, including its volume as well as nutrient and non-nutrient contents. The presence of the meal in the stomach generates a mechanical distension signal, and, as gastric emptying progresses, nutrients increasingly interact with receptors on enteroendocrine cells, triggering the release of gut hormones, with lipid and protein being particularly potent. Collectively, these signals are transmitted to the brain to regulate appetite and energy intake, or in a feedback loop relayed back to the upper GI tract to further adjust GI functions, including gastric emptying. The research in this area to date has provided important insights into how sensing of intraluminal meal-related stimuli acutely regulates appetite and energy intake in humans. However, disturbances in the detection of these stimuli have been described in a number of eating-related disorders. This paper will review the GI sensing of meal-related stimuli and the relationship with appetite and energy intake, and examine changes in GI responses to luminal stimuli in obesity, functional dyspepsia and anorexia of ageing, as examples of eating-related disorders. A much better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these dysregulations is still required to assist in the development of effective management and treatment strategies in the future.

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