scholarly journals Alternative Oxidase Gene Induced by Nitric Oxide is Involved in the Regulation of ROS and Enhance the Resistance of Pleurotus Ostreatus to Heat Stress

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludan Hou ◽  
Mengran Zhao ◽  
Chenyang Huang ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Lijiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
The Tca Cycle

Abstract Background: Pleurotus ostreatus is easily affected by temperature during its cultivation. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important regulatory role in the response to abiotic stress, and previous studies have found that NO can induce alternative oxidase (aox) in response to heat stress (HS) by regulating aconitase. However, the regulatory pathway of NO is complex, and the function and regulation of the aox gene in the response to HS remain unclear.Results: In this study, we found that NO affected the NADH and ATP levels, reduced the H2O2 and O2- contents, and slowed the production of O2-. Further RNA-Seq results showed that NO regulated the oxidation-reduction process and oxidoreductase activity, affected the cellular respiration pathway and activated aox gene expression. The function of aox was determined by constructing overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) strains. The results showed that the OE-aox strains showed obvious advantages in experiencing growth recovery after exposure to HS. During exposure to HS, the OE-aox strains exhibited reduced levels of NADH, the product of the TCA cycle, and decreased synthesis of ATP, which reduced the production and accumulation of ROS, whereas the RNAi-aox strains exhibited the opposite result. In addition, aox mediated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in the mycelia of P. ostreatus under HS through the retrograde signaling pathway. Conclusions: This study shows that the aox gene in P. ostreatus mycelia can be induced by NO under HS, regulates the TCA cycle and cell respiration to reduce the production of ROS, and can mediate the retrograde signaling pathway involved in the mycelial response to HS.

scholarly journals Alternative oxidase gene induced by nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ROS and enhances the resistance of Pleurotus ostreatus to heat stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludan Hou ◽  
Mengran Zhao ◽  
Chenyang Huang ◽  
Qi He ◽  
Lijiao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Alternative Oxidase ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Oxidase Gene

Abstract Background In China, during the cultivation process of Pleurotus ostreatus, the yield and quality of fruiting bodies are easily affected by high temperatures in summer. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important regulatory role in the response to abiotic stress, and previous studies have found that NO can induce alternative oxidase (aox) experssion in response to heat stress (HS) by regulating aconitase. However, the regulatory pathway of NO is complex, and the function and regulation of the aox gene in the response to HS remain unclear. Results In this study, we found that NO affected nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−) contents, and slowed O2− production. Further RNA-Seq results showed that NO regulated the oxidation-reduction process and oxidoreductase activity, affected the cellular respiration pathway and activated aox gene expression. The function of aox was determined by constructing overexpression (OE) and RNA interference (RNAi) strains. The results showed that the OE-aox strains exhibited obviously improved growth recovery after exposure to HS. During exposure to HS, the OE-aox strains exhibited reduced levels of NADH, the product of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and decreased synthesis of ATP, which reduced the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), whereas the RNAi-aox strains exhibited the opposite result. In addition, aox mediated the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes in the mycelia of P. ostreatus under HS through the retrograde signaling pathway. Conclusions This study shows that the expression of the aox gene in P. ostreatus mycelia can be induced by NO under HS, that it regulates the TCA cycle and cell respiration to reduce the production of ROS, and that it can mediate the retrograde signaling pathway involved in the mycelial response to HS. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Lipotoxicity in steatohepatitis occurs despite an increase in tricarboxylic acid cycle activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. E484-E494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainey E. Patterson ◽  
Srilaxmi Kalavalapalli ◽  
Caroline M. Williams ◽  
Manisha Nautiyal ◽  
Justin T. Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Simple Steatosis ◽  
Triglyceride Accumulation ◽  
The Tca Cycle

The hepatic tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is central to integrating macronutrient metabolism and is closely coupled to cellular respiration, free radical generation, and inflammation. Oxidative flux through the TCA cycle is induced during hepatic insulin resistance, in mice and humans with simple steatosis, reflecting early compensatory remodeling of mitochondrial energetics. We hypothesized that progressive severity of hepatic insulin resistance and the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) would impair oxidative flux through the hepatic TCA cycle. Mice (C57/BL6) were fed a high- trans-fat high-fructose diet (TFD) for 8 wk to induce simple steatosis and NASH by 24 wk. In vivo fasting hepatic mitochondrial fluxes were determined by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based isotopomer analysis. Hepatic metabolic intermediates were quantified using mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics. Hepatic triglyceride accumulation and insulin resistance preceded alterations in mitochondrial metabolism, since TCA cycle fluxes remained normal during simple steatosis. However, mice with NASH had a twofold induction ( P < 0.05) of mitochondrial fluxes (μmol/min) through the TCA cycle (2.6 ± 0.5 vs. 5.4 ± 0.6), anaplerosis (9.1 ± 1.2 vs. 16.9 ± 2.2), and pyruvate cycling (4.9 ± 1.0 vs. 11.1 ± 1.9) compared with their age-matched controls. Induction of the TCA cycle activity during NASH was concurrent with blunted ketogenesis and accumulation of hepatic diacylglycerols (DAGs), ceramides (Cer), and long-chain acylcarnitines, suggesting inefficient oxidation and disposal of excess free fatty acids (FFA). Sustained induction of mitochondrial TCA cycle failed to prevent accretion of “lipotoxic” metabolites in the liver and could hasten inflammation and the metabolic transition to NASH.

scholarly journals Protein Interaction Patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana Leaf Mitochondria Change in Response to Illumination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Rugen ◽  
Frank Schaarschmidt ◽  
Hans-Peter Braun ◽  
Holger Eubel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Mitochondrial Functions

Mitochondrial biology is underpinned by the presence and activity of large protein complexes participating in the organelle-located parts of cellular respiration, the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. While the enzymatic roles of these complexes are undisputed, little is known about the interactions of the subunits beyond their presence in the monomeric protein complexes and their functions in regulating mitochondria metabolism. By applying one of the most important regulatory cues for plant metabolism, the presence or absence of light, we here assess the changes in the composition and molecular mass of known mitochondrial protein complexes by employing a differential complexome profiling strategy. Covering a mass range up to 25 MDa, we demonstrate dynamic associations of TCA-cycle enzymes and of OXPHOS components. The data presented here form the basis for future studies aiming to advance our understanding of the role of protein:protein interactions in the regulation of plant mitochondrial functions.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Improves the Tolerance of Pleurotus ostreatus to Heat Stress by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Aconitase

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludan Hou ◽  
Mengran Zhao ◽  
Chenyang Huang ◽  
Xiangli Wu ◽  
Jinxia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Edible Fungi ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heat Stress Response

ABSTRACT Pleurotus ostreatus is widely cultivated in China. However, its cultivation is strongly affected by seasonal temperature changes, especially the high temperatures of summer. Nitric oxide (NO) was previously reported to alleviate oxidative damage to mycelia by regulating trehalose. In this study, we found that NO alleviated oxidative damage to P. ostreatus mycelia by inhibiting the protein and gene expression of aconitase (ACO), and additional studies found that the overexpression and interference of aco could affect the content of citric acid (CA). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous CA can induce alternative oxidase (aox) gene expression under heat stress, reduce the content of H2O2 in mycelium, and consequently protect the mycelia under heat stress. An additional analysis focused on the function of the aox gene in the heat stress response of mycelia. The results show that the colony diameter of the aox overexpression (OE-aox) strains was significantly larger than that of the wild-type (WT) strain under heat stress (32°C). In addition, the mycelia of OE-aox strains showed significantly enhanced tolerance to H2O2. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that NO can affect CA accumulation by regulating aco gene and ACO protein expression and that CA can induce aox gene expression and thereby be a response to heat stress. IMPORTANCE Heat stress is one of the abiotic stresses that affect the growth and development of edible fungi. Our previous study found that exogenous NO had a protective effect on mycelia under heat stress. However, its regulatory mechanism had not been elucidated. In this study, we found that NO altered the respiratory pathway of mycelia under heat stress by regulating aco. The results have enhanced our understanding of NO signaling pathways in P. ostreatus.

scholarly journals Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Bypassing Cellular Respiration

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Cascón ◽  
Laura Remacha ◽  
Bruna Calsina ◽  
Mercedes Robledo
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Adaptation ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Molecular Alterations ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding

Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors that show the highest heritability of all human neoplasms and represent a paradoxical example of genetic heterogeneity. Amongst the elevated number of genes involved in the hereditary predisposition to the disease (at least nineteen) there are eleven tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle-related genes, some of which are also involved in the development of congenital recessive neurological disorders and other cancers such as cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, gastrointestinal tumors and renal cancer. Somatic or germline mutation of genes encoding enzymes catalyzing pivotal steps of the TCA cycle not only disrupts cellular respiration, but also causes severe alterations in mitochondrial metabolite pools. These latter alterations lead to aberrant accumulation of “oncometabolites” that, in the end, may lead to deregulation of the metabolic adaptation of cells to hypoxia, inhibition of the DNA repair processes and overall pathological changes in gene expression. In this review, we will address the TCA cycle mutations leading to the development of PPGL, and we will discuss the relevance of these mutations for the transformation of neural crest-derived cells and potential therapeutic approaches based on the emerging knowledge of underlying molecular alterations.

scholarly journals Metabolic and Physiological Regulation of Aspartic Acid-Mediated Enhancement of Heat Stress Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Shuhan Lei ◽  
Stephanie Rossi ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Membrane System ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Hormone Biosynthesis

Aspartate is the most critical amino acid in the aspartate metabolic pathway, which is associated with multiple metabolic pathways, such as protein synthesis, nucleotide metabolism, TCA cycle, glycolysis, and hormone biosynthesis. Aspartate also plays an important role in plant resistance to abiotic stress, such as cold stress, drought stress, salt stress or heavy metal stress. This study found that the chlorophyll content and antioxidant active enzyme content (SOD, CAT, POD and APX) of perennial ryegrass treated with 2 mM aspartate were significantly higher than those treated with water under heat stress. The electrolyte leakage rate, MDA content and peroxide levels (O2− and H2O2) of perennial ryegrass treated with aspartate were significantly lower than those of perennial ryegrass treated with water, indicating that exogenous aspartate increases the content of chlorophyll, maintain the integrity of cell membrane system, and enhances SOD-CAT antioxidant pathway to eliminate the oxidative damage caused by ROS in perennial ryegrass under heat stress. Furthermore, exogenous aspartate could enhance the TCA cycle, the metabolism of the amino acids related to the TCA cycle, and pyrimidine metabolism to enhance the heat tolerance of perennial ryegrass.

Liquid-liquid extraction of succinate using a dicopper cryptate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Mobili ◽  
Sonia La Cognata ◽  
Francesca Merlo ◽  
Andrea Speltini ◽  
Massimo Boiocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Residual Concentration ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Quantitative Extraction ◽  
Uv Visible

<div> <p>The extraction of the succinate dianion from a neutral aqueous solution into dichloromethane is obtained using a lipophilic cage-like dicopper(II) complex as the extractant. The quantitative extraction exploits the high affinity of the succinate anion for the cavity of the azacryptate. The anion is effectively transferred from the aqueous phase, buffered at pH 7 with HEPES, into dichloromethane. A 1:1 extractant:anion adduct is obtained. Extraction can be easily monitored by following changes in the UV-visible spectrum of the dicopper complex in dichloromethane, and by measuring the residual concentration of succinate in the aqueous phase by HPLC−UV. Considering i) the relevance of polycarboxylates in biochemistry, as e.g. normal intermediates of the TCA cycle, ii) the relevance of dicarboxylates in the environmental field, as e.g. waste products of industrial processes, and iii) the recently discovered role of succinate and other dicarboxylates in pathophysiological processes including cancer, our results open new perspectives for research in all contexts where selective recognition, trapping and extraction of polycarboxylates is required. </p> </div>

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Simonsinol on Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3573
Author(s):  
Lian-Chun Li ◽  
Zheng-Hong Pan ◽  
De-Sheng Ning ◽  
Yu-Xia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Simonsinol is a natural sesqui-neolignan firstly isolated from the bark of Illicium simonsii. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of simonsinol was investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells model. The results demonstrated that simonsinol could antagonize the effect of LPS on morphological changes of RAW264.7 cells, and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, simonsinol could downregulate transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inhibit phosphorylation of the alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as assayed by Western blot. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that simonsinol could inhibit inflammation response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document