Deep Learning Approach to Recognition of Novel COVID-19 Using CT Scans and Digital Image Processing

Abstract COVID-19 was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. With more than 31.3 million confirmed cases and over 965 thousand deaths recorded as of September 2020, it has inflicted catastrophic damage worldwide. The aim of this study is to develop an algorithm based on artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing techniques to identify COVID-19 patients with the aid of CT chest scan images. This study used a CT scan image dataset that is publically available for the researchers at Kaggle. We randomly extracted 27% of positive CT (pCT) images and 11% of negative CT (nCT) images from the original dataset. In the testing process, 120 of the test subjects in both nCT and pCT were used to validate the algorithm. Based on the experimental findings, the proposed COVID-19 detection algorithm shows promising results for the identification of COVID-19 patients with 90.83% accuracy at an average precision of 0.905.

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Deteksi Tepi pada Citra Rontgen Penyakit COVID-19 Menggunakan Metode Sobel

Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) ◽

10.31983/jimed.v6i2.5840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 51-59

Author(s):

Muhammad Ghozali ◽

Heni Sumarti

Keyword(s):

Edge Detection ◽

Detection Method ◽

World Health ◽

X Ray ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Lung Area ◽

Edge Detection Method ◽

Health Organization ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

High Pass

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) discovered at the end of 2019 occasioned by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe acute respiratory syndrome and expanded globally so that World Health Organization (WHO) declare a global pandemic. There was a delay of socialization and delivering information to society about this disease. The doctors did a method to detect COVID-19 by reading the correct X-ray images of patients who affected by a coronavirus.Methods: With advances in the field of computers in the application of image processing techniques method of this research use application to get better digital image results for COVID-19 X-ray images, so make it easier to analyze the X-ray images. There are 13 samples of X-ray images that are processed through the clean the stage with high-pass filtering, then segmented with thresholding technique in the lung area, then the edge detection method is used to mark the area that makes the image detail.Results: The result of this detection form the pattern of objects and regions of the spread of coronavirus, then there is a limit on the image looks clear enough, with the Sobel method producing white pixels that are so visible as well.Conclusions: This study to make a simulation of x-ray thorax COVID-19 and know the region of virus infection using Sobel method with thresholding technique that can see the spread of coronavirus and shown that edge detection use Sobel method as one of diagnosing for COVID-19 disease.

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Localization of Seizures in Epilepsy using Low Frequency Fluctuations from Rs-fMRI

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.d8168.118419 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 10576-10579

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Epileptic Seizure ◽

Low Frequency ◽

World Health ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Low Frequencies ◽

Metabolic Activities ◽

Health Organization ◽

Processing Techniques ◽

The Brain

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder on brain which as indicated by World Health Organization influences around 59 million people worldwide. Epilepsy is often characterized by seizures. Despite that the patient treatment is successful in 70% of the cases; it is conceivable to bring up the adequacy up to 100% by utilizing the advancements in medical imaging and 3D image processing techniques that is been in this paper. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is exploited to analyze the metabolic activities of the brain adding it with suitable image processing the seizure origin can be found and regressed out through appropriate surgery without compromising other regions of the brain. Low frequencies exist in the brain waves and this property is measured and analyzed and found to be in accordance with the functioning of the brain. Ignoring the common artifacts, the image is processed further and is correlation with the epileptic seizure is studied. The investigation revealed the exact location of the epileptic seizure which is complemented by the result obtained by functional connectivity

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Real time scalable data acquisition of COVID-19 in six continents through PySpark - a big data tool

10.1101/2021.07.04.21259983 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tanvi S Patel ◽

Daxesh P Patel ◽

Chirag N Patel

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

Big Data ◽

World Health ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Processor Time ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Machine Learning Approach ◽

Health Organization ◽

Python Programming

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was declared as a global emergency in January 2020 due to its pandemic outbreak. To examine this Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effects various data are being generated through different platforms. This study was focused on the clinical data of COVID-19 which relied on python programming. Here, we proposed a machine learning approach to provide a insights into the COVID-19 information. PySpark is a machine learning approach which also known as Apache spark an accurate tool for the searching of results with minimum time intervals as compare to Hadoop and other tools. World Health Organization (WHO) started gathering corona patients data from last week of the February 2020. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The cases became more evident and common after mid-March. This paper used the live owid (our world in data) dataset and will analyse and find out the following details on the live COVID-19 dataset. (1) The daily Corona virus scenario on various continents using PySpark in microseconds of Processor time. (2) After the various antibodies have been implemented, how they impact new cases on a regular basis utilizing various graphs. (3) Tabular representation of COVID-19 new cases in all the continents.

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The relevance of dietetic approach of Ayurveda from the perspective of COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3077 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 748-752

Author(s):

Swapnali Khabade ◽

Bharat Rathi ◽

Renu Rathi

Keyword(s):

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Healthy Person ◽

World Health ◽

Physical And Mental Health ◽

Leading Role ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The People ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual

A novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causes severe acute respiratory syndrome and spread globally from Wuhan, China. In March 2020 the World Health Organization declared the SARS-Cov-2 virus as a COVID- 19, a global pandemic. This pandemic happened to be followed by some restrictions, and specially lockdown playing the leading role for the people to get disassociated with their personal and social schedules. And now the food is the most necessary thing to take care of. It seems the new challenge for the individual is self-isolation to maintain themselves on the health basis and fight against the pandemic situation by boosting their immunity. Food organised by proper diet may maintain the physical and mental health of the individual. Ayurveda aims to promote and preserve the health, strength and the longevity of the healthy person and to cure the disease by properly channelling with and without Ahara. In Ayurveda, diet (Ahara) is considered as one of the critical pillars of life, and Langhana plays an important role too. This article will review the relevance of dietetic approach described in Ayurveda with and without food (Asthavidhi visheshaytana & Lanhgan) during COVID-19 like a pandemic.

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Dietary and living regimen of covid-19 with special reference to Ayurveda Varsha and Sharad Ritucharya

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3079 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 758-762

Author(s):

Amit Biswas ◽

KunalChandankhede

Keyword(s):

Environmental Changes ◽

World Health ◽

Human Beings ◽

Dietary Regimen ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Disease Free ◽

Individual Disease ◽

Morbid Conditions

Wuhan originated Covid-19 disease is caused by SARC-COV 2 virus. It is a contagious disease it spread all over the world. World health organization declared a global pandemic disease. In Covid-19 immunity plays an important role. In old age people or having other co-morbid conditions the mortality rate is more. Ayurveda has a big role in improved immunity or to intact immunity. The principle of Ayurveda is to keep individual swastha (diseases free). To maintain individual disease-free Ritucharya is one of the important subjects of Ayurveda. Aimed of study is to find out Ritucharya literature from the Ayurveda and modern research specifically Varsha and Sharad ritu. Ritucharya contains dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine, and contraindicated things those changing according to environmental change. Upcoming season in India is Varsha and Sharad ritu. Environmental changes are huge in this season and it directly affected human beings. So this study reveals property of ritu, dietary regimen, living modification, common medicine and contraindicated things in upcoming varsha and sharad ritu.

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Unique nCoV-2019 (COVID 19) spike glycoprotein processing by host protease: Analysis and Implication on infection

Current Proteomics ◽

10.2174/1570164617999200612115218 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Ajoy Basak ◽

Sarmistha Basak

Keyword(s):

World Health ◽

Spike Glycoprotein ◽

Binding Domains ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

High Infection ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Glycoprotein Processing ◽

Health Organization ◽

Host Reservoir

: The current global pandemic outbreak of a novel type of corona virus termed by World Health Organization as COVID-19 became an grave concern and worry to human health and world economy. Intense research efforts are now underway worldwide to combat and prevent the spread of this deadly disease. This zoonotic virus, a native to bat population is most likely transmitted to human via a host reservoir. Due to its close similarity to previously known SARS CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) of 2002 and related MERS CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus) of 2012, it is also known as SARS CoV2. But unlike them it is far too infectious, virulent and lethal. Among its various proteins, the surface spike glycoprotein “S” has drawn significant attention because of its implication in viral recognition and host-virus fusion process. A detail comparative analysis of “S” proteins of SARS CoV (now called SARS CoV1), SARS CoV2 (COVID-19) and MERS CoV based on structure, sequence alignment, host cleavage sites, receptor binding domains, potential glycosylation and Cys-disulphide bridge locations has been performed. It revealed some key features and variations that may elucidate the high infection and virulence character of COVID-19. Moreover this crucial information may become useful in our quest for COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.

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Neurological Complications of COVID-19: Underlying Mechanisms and Management

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22084081 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (8) ◽

pp. 4081

Author(s):

Ghaydaa A. Shehata ◽

Kevin C. Lord ◽

Michaela C. Grudzinski ◽

Mohamed Elsayed ◽

Ramy Abdelnaby ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neuromuscular Junctions ◽

Neurological Complications ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

World Health ◽

Neurological Sequelae ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Health Organization ◽

Demyelinating Disorders ◽

Taste And Smell

COVID-19 is a severe respiratory disease caused by the newly identified human coronavirus (HCoV) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus was discovered in December 2019, and in March 2020, the disease was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to a high number of cases. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily affects the respiratory system, several studies have reported neurological complications in COVID-19 patients. Headache, dizziness, loss of taste and smell, encephalitis, encephalopathy, and cerebrovascular diseases are the most common neurological complications that are associated with COVID-19. In addition, seizures, neuromuscular junctions’ disorders, and Guillain–Barré syndrome were reported as complications of COVID-19, as well as neurodegenerative and demyelinating disorders. However, the management of these conditions remains a challenge. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis, and mechanisms of these neurological sequelae that are secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aim to update neurologists and healthcare workers on the possible neurological complications associated with COVID-19 and the management of these disease conditions.

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Progression and Trends in Virus from Influenza A to COVID-19: An Overview of Recent Studies

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1145

Author(s):

Hakimeh Baghaei Daemi ◽

Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar ◽

Xinlin He ◽

Chengfei Li ◽

Morteza Karimpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

H1n1 Virus ◽

World Health ◽

H1n1 Pandemic ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

First Case ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

The World ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Health Organization

Influenza is a highly known contagious viral infection that has been responsible for the death of many people in history with pandemics. These pandemics have been occurring every 10 to 30 years in the last century. The most recent global pandemic prior to COVID-19 was the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. A decade ago, the H1N1 virus caused 12,500 deaths in just 19 months globally. Now, again, the world has been challenged with another pandemic. Since December 2019, the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection was detected in Wuhan. This infection has risen rapidly throughout the world; even the World Health Organization (WHO) announced COVID-19 as a worldwide emergency to ensure human health and public safety. This review article aims to discuss important issues relating to COVID-19, including clinical, epidemiological, and pathological features of COVID-19 and recent progress in diagnosis and treatment approaches for the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight key similarities and differences between COVID-19 and influenza A to ensure the theoretical and practical details of COVID-19.

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COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the global lockdown and its far-reaching effects

Science Progress ◽

10.1177/00368504211019854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 104 (2) ◽

pp. 003685042110198

Author(s):

Helen Onyeaka ◽

Christian K Anumudu ◽

Zainab T Al-Sharify ◽

Esther Egele-Godswill ◽

Paul Mbaegbu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Global Economy ◽

World Health ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

Education Delivery ◽

Environmental Air ◽

Health Organization ◽

Almost All ◽

The Impact

COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020, leading to some form of lockdown across almost all countries of the world. The extent of the global pandemic due to COVID-19 has a significant impact on our lives that must be studied carefully to combat it. This study highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on crucial aspects of daily life globally, including; Food security, Global economy, Education, Tourism, hospitality, sports and leisure, Gender Relation, Domestic Violence/Abuse, Mental Health and Environmental air pollution through a systematic search of the literature. The COVID-19 global lockdown was initiated to stem the spread of the virus and ‘flatten the curve’ of the pandemic. However, the impact of the lockdown has had far-reaching effects in different strata of life, including; changes in the accessibility and structure of education delivery to students, food insecurity as a result of unavailability and fluctuation in prices, the depression of the global economy, increase in mental health challenges, wellbeing and quality of life amongst others. This review article highlights the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown across the globe. As the global lockdown is being lifted in a phased manner in various countries of the world, it is necessary to explore its impacts to understand its consequences comprehensively. This will guide future decisions that will be made in a possible future wave of the COVID-19 pandemic or other global disease outbreak.

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The politics of crisis management by regional and international organizations in fighting against a global pandemic: the member states at a crossroads

International Review of Administrative Sciences ◽

10.1177/0020852320984516 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 002085232098451

Author(s):

Steven Van Hecke ◽

Harald Fuhr ◽

Wouter Wolfs

Keyword(s):

Crisis Management ◽

International Organizations ◽

Governance Structure ◽

Added Value ◽

World Health ◽

The European Union ◽

Member States ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Turbulent Times ◽

Health Organization

Despite new challenges like climate change and digitalization, global and regional organizations recently went through turbulent times due to a lack of support from several of their member states. Next to this crisis of multilateralism, the COVID-19 pandemic now seems to question the added value of international organizations for addressing global governance issues more specifically. This article analyses this double challenge that several organizations are facing and compares their ways of managing the crisis by looking at their institutional and political context, their governance structure, and their behaviour during the pandemic until June 2020. More specifically, it will explain the different and fragmented responses of the World Health Organization, the European Union and the International Monetary Fund/World Bank. With the aim of understanding the old and new problems that these international organizations are trying to solve, this article argues that the level of autonomy vis-a-vis the member states is crucial for understanding the politics of crisis management. Points for practitioners As intergovernmental bodies, international organizations require authorization by their member states. Since they also need funding for their operations, different degrees of autonomy also matter for reacting to emerging challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The potential for international organizations is limited, though through proactive and bold initiatives, they can seize the opportunity of the crisis and partly overcome institutional and political constraints.

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