scholarly journals An Alternative Heterogeneous Catalyst Synthesis From Seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) Scales for Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gediz UĞUZ ◽  
Muntadher Musafer Obaid Alwahidhawi
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis ◽  
Novel Catalyst

Abstract Biodiesel is one of the renewable energy sources derived from living organisms and is an alternative to petroleum fuels that cause environmental pollution. Biodiesel is specified as the fatty acid alkyl esters (FAAE) formed as a result of the transesterification reactions of various alcohols and triglycerides with catalysts. The catalyst plays an important role in biodiesel production. These catalysts can be synthesized from chemical or natural substances as homogeneous or heterogeneous. Some natural waste materials such as egg shell and fish scales have started to be preferred in catalyst synthesis due to their low cost, accessibility and support for waste recycling and minimizing. In this study, a high-performance heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized in order to reduce cost, increase the reaction rate and evaluate waste fish scales in biodiesel production. Waste fish scales were characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The novel catalyst was prepared from waste Seabass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) fish scales by calcination at different temperatures (800, 900, 950 and 1000 °C). The best calcination temperature was determined by using as X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques as 1000 °C and the waste fish scale catalyst was shortened as WFSC. The novel WFSC was characterized by BET specific surface area, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Finally, the novel WFSC were used for biodiesel production. Biodiesel yield was calculated as 85 %. Additionally, this novel catalyst reduces chemical consumption in biodiesel production, with its reusability. Due to the obtained results, it can be qualified as an eco-friendly catalyst.

Novel Catalytic Electrodes for High Performance Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Operated at Intermediate Temperatures

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 428-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Xiang Rong Liu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
Mi Lin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Power Density ◽  
High Performance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Composite Electrolytes ◽  
Coal Gas ◽  
Internal Reforming ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Novel Catalyst

The all-ceria-composite ITSOFCs have demonstrated extraordinary fuel cell performances since the ceria-composite electrodes are very catalytic and conductive, and the ceria-composite electrolytes are highly conductive and also electrolytic, in addition to excellent compatibility between the electrolyte and electrodes based on the same ceria-based composite materials. The power density outputs from 200 to 800 mWcm-2, were obtained for temperatures between 400 and 700°C. The maximum power density 0.72 Wcm-2 (1500 mAcm-2) at 600°C and 0.82 Wcm-2 (1800 mAcm-2) at 700°C were achieved, respectively. These highly catalytic electrodes functioned extensively for many different fuels, such as hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels, e.g., natural gas, coal gas, methanol and ethanol etc. In some special cases, the ITSOFCs with the ceria-composite electrodes could also work at as low as 200°C. All these good performances are based on the novel catalyst function of the ceria-composite electrodes and internal reforming mechanism.

High performance heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from non-edible oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Takase ◽  
Alexander Nii Moi Pappoe ◽  
Ernest Amankwa Afrifa ◽  
Michael Miyittah
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production

scholarly journals Highly crystalline heterogeneous catalyst synthesis from industrial waste for sustainable biodiesel production

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab Ali ◽  
Marwa El Katory ◽  
Mohamed Hassaan ◽  
Karim Amer ◽  
Adel El Geiheini
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Catalyst Synthesis

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Fish Scales as an Adjunctive Aid in Speciation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 394-395
Author(s):  
Edward D. DeLamater ◽  
Walter R. Courtenay ◽  
Cecil Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
The University ◽  
Multiple Holes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Comparative scanning electron microscopy studies of fish scales of different orders, families, genera and species within genera have demonstrated differences which warrant elaboration. These differences in detail appear to be sufficient to act as “fingerprints”, at least, for family differences. To date, the lateral line scales have been primarily studied. These demonstrate differences in the lateral line canals; the pattern of ridging with or without secondary protuberances along the edges; the pattern of spines or their absence on the anterior border of the scales; the presence or absence of single or multiple holes on the ventral and dorsal sides of the lateral line canal covers. The distances between the ridges in the pattern appear likewise to be important.A statement of fish scale structure and a comparison of family and species differences will be presented.The authors wish to thank Dr. Donald Marzalek and Mr. Wallace Charm of the Marine and Atmospheric Laboratory of the University of Miami and Dr. Sheldon Moll and Dr. Richard Turnage of AMR for their exhaustive help in these preliminary studies.

SEM analysis of fish scale cross sections: A technique study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee ◽  
A. Moller ◽  
P.S.O. Fouche ◽  
I.G Gaigher
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Fish Scales ◽  
Micro Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Scanning electron microscopy of fish scales has facilitated the application of micro-structures to systematics. Electron microscopy studies have added more information on the structure of the scale and the associated cells, many problems still remain unsolved, because of our incomplete knowledge of the process of calcification. One of the main purposes of these studies has been to study the histology, histochemistry, and ultrastructure of both calcified and decalcified scales, and associated cells, and to obtain more information on the mechanism of calcification in the scales. The study of a calcified scale with the electron microscope is complicated by the difficulty in sectioning this material because of the close association of very hard tissue with very soft tissues. Sections often shatter and blemishes are difficult to avoid. Therefore the aim of this study is firstly to develop techniques for the preparation of cross sections of fish scales for scanning electron microscopy and secondly the application of these techniques for the determination of the structures and calcification of fish scales.

scholarly journals Waste Animal Bones as Catalysts for Biodiesel Production; A Mini Review

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Fayaz Hussain ◽  
Saad Alshahrani ◽  
Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas ◽  
Haris Mahmood Khan ◽  
Asif Jamil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Catalyst Preparation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Eu Legislation ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Disposal Cost

Slaughterhouse waste is considered to be an emerging issue because of its disposal cost. As an alternative, it would be a great prospect for the bioeconomy society to explore new usages of these leftover materials. As per food safety rules mentioned by EU legislation, all bone waste generated by slaughterhouses ought to be disposed of by rendering. The huge quantity of worldwide bone waste generation (130 billion kilograms per annum) is an environmental burden if not properly managed. The waste animal bones can be efficiently employed as a heterogeneous catalyst to produce biodiesel. This mini review summarized the recent literature reported for biodiesel generation using waste animal bones derived heterogeneous catalyst. It discusses the sources of bone waste, catalyst preparation methods, particularly calcination and its effects, and important characteristics of bones derived catalyst. It suggests that catalysts extracted from waste animal bones have suitable catalytic activity in transesterification of different oil sources to generate a good quality biodiesel.

Heterogeneous Catalyst for Pyrolysis and Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-118
Author(s):  
Anjana P Anantharaman ◽  
Niju Subramania Pillai
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Biodiesel Production

scholarly journals Pocket MUSE: an affordable, versatile and high-performance fluorescence microscope using a smartphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehe Liu ◽  
Andrew M. Rollins ◽  
Richard M. Levenson ◽  
Farzad Fereidouni ◽  
Michael W. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Point Of Care Diagnostics ◽  
Optical Module ◽  
Optical Configuration ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractSmartphone microscopes can be useful tools for a broad range of imaging applications. This manuscript demonstrates the first practical implementation of Microscopy with Ultraviolet Surface Excitation (MUSE) in a compact smartphone microscope called Pocket MUSE, resulting in a remarkably effective design. Fabricated with parts from consumer electronics that are readily available at low cost, the small optical module attaches directly over the rear lens in a smartphone. It enables high-quality multichannel fluorescence microscopy with submicron resolution over a 10× equivalent field of view. In addition to the novel optical configuration, Pocket MUSE is compatible with a series of simple, portable, and user-friendly sample preparation strategies that can be directly implemented for various microscopy applications for point-of-care diagnostics, at-home health monitoring, plant biology, STEM education, environmental studies, etc.

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