The Logic Fundamentals of Machine Consciousness: Theory of Tri-State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiwei Wang ◽  
Ao ZHOU ◽  
Xin LIU
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Mathematical Basis ◽  
Cognitive Dynamics ◽  
Machine Consciousness ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Thinking Tools

Abstract For a long time, the system of scientific methodology has been composed of logic, empirical (falsification), qualitative, quantitative and deterministic, and corresponding thinking tools. However, under the background of complexity science, the category of methodology should be changed, that is, on the basis of traditional methodology, non-classical logic, hierarchy, stereotype (topological invariant) and uncertainty should be added. This is also the main idea behind the “Thoery of Tri-state” in the first part of this paper. The core idea in the theory of “Tri-state” is “Tri-state Logic” (“positive | negative | uncertain state”). The ontology of “Tri-state Logic” aims to reveal the meta space-time movement law of things transforming from one form to another, that is, the coupling of time and space in the development of things, and the orientation and evolution of the continuity of things. The mathematical basis of “Tri-state Logic” is knot theory and dynamics theory. The second part of this paper designs a machine-consciousness model framework based on the “Theory of Tri-state” (Tri-state Logic). Its research starting point is the perspective of cognitive dynamics (cognitive psychology + dynamics), which is very different from the research ideas proposed by Minsky's “The Emotion Machine”. At the same time, this paper also tries to answer Turing's questions from different space-time dimensions, and gives an experimental idea of “kindergarten game” by comparing Turing's “imitation game”.

The “core principles” of physiology: what should students understand?

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Michael ◽  
Harold Modell ◽  
Jenny McFarland ◽  
William Cliff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
The Core ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Constituent Component ◽  
Thinking Tools ◽  
Student Attention

The explosion of knowledge in all of the biological sciences, and specifically in physiology, has created a growing problem for educators. There is more to know than students can possibly learn. Thus, difficult choices have to be made about what we expect students to master. One approach to making the needed decisions is to consider those “core principles” that provide the thinking tools for understanding all biological phenomena. We identified a list of “core principles” that appear to apply to all aspects of physiology and unpacked them into their constituent component ideas. While such a list does not define the content for a physiology course, it does provide a guideline for selecting the topics on which to focus student attention. This list of “core principles” also offers a starting point for developing an assessment instrument to be used in determining if students have mastered the important unifying ideas of physiology.

scholarly journals The effects of quantum spectrum of 4 + n-dimensional water around a DNA on pure water in four dimensional universe

Open Physics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 831-838
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Alireza Sepehri ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Mahdieh Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Dimensional Manifold ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Open Strings ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Quantum Spectrum

Abstract Recently, a method for calculating the quantum spectrum of black holes has been proposed. We show that this method can be applied for radiations of 4 + n - dimensional water around a DNA. In this model, DNA acts like a black hole and produces a curved space-time in a water around it. In these conditions, molecules of water in four dimensional universe are entangled with some DNA-like structures in extra dimension. Consequently, the effects of structures of water in extra dimensions can be observed in four dimensions. The entangled structures emit some quantum spectrum which can be transmitted to pure waters. These waves produce a curved space-time in pure water and make an entanglement between structure of water on four and DNA-like structures in extra dimensions. As a result, some signatures of DNAs can be observed in pure water. This model helps us to understand the reason for the emergence of life on the earth. To explain the model better, we unify Darwin’s theory with string theory in a new Darwinian’s string theory. In this theory, a zero dimensional manifold decays into two types of closed strings. One type decays into open strings and then these strings join to each other and form cosmos. Another type decays into open strings which form biological matters like DNAs and molecules of water in universe and anti-DNAs and anti-water in anti-universe. Thus, DNAs and molecules water are connected to each other and anti-DNAs and molecules of anti-water in anti-universe through some closed strings. These strings helps to molecules of water to store their informations in extra dimension and have long time memory. Because, information that are transformed into extra dimensions through closed strings, could be returned into universe. Also, these closed strings could have the main role in DNA transduction. Because, they connect two tubes one including water and DNA and another pure water in universe to two tubes including anti-DNA and water in anti-universe and transform properties of DNA into pure water. As a result, Darwinian string theory can confirm both water memory and DNA transduction. Finally, this theory response to this question that why memory of water couldnt remain for a long time. In this model, open strings which connects atoms in universe with anti-atoms in anti-universe interact with open strings which connects molecules of water and anti-water and decrease their entanglement. This causes that exchanging information between water and anti-water decreases and memory is dis-appeared.

scholarly journals BLACK HOLE EVAPORATION BASED UPON A q-DEFORMATION DESCRIPTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (26) ◽  
pp. 6039-6049 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Radiation Spectrum ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Noncommutative Space ◽  
Schwarzschild Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Evaporation ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
New Distribution

A toy model based upon the q-deformation description for studying the radiation spectrum of black hole is proposed. The starting point is to make an attempt to consider the space–time noncommutativity in the vicinity of black hole horizon. We use a trick that all the space–time noncommutative effects are ascribed to the modification of the behavior of the radiation field of black hole and a kind of q-deformed degrees of freedom are postulated to mimic the radiation particles that live on the noncommutative space–time, meanwhile the background metric is preserved as usual. We calculate the radiation spectrum of Schwarzschild black hole in this framework. The new distribution deviates from the standard thermal spectrum evidently. The result indicates that some correlation effect will be introduced to the system if the noncommutativity is taken into account. In addition, an infrared cutoff of the spectrum is the prediction of the model.

NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS FOR SPACE–TIME FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1341001 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEEVAN LING ◽  
MASAHIRO YAMAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Equation ◽  
Fractional Derivative ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Fundamental Solutions ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Fractional Diffusion Equation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Liouville Fractional Derivative ◽  
Time Fractional Diffusion Equation

We consider the solutions of a space–time fractional diffusion equation on the interval [-1, 1]. The equation is obtained from the standard diffusion equation by replacing the second-order space derivative by a Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative of order between one and two, and the first-order time derivative by a Caputo fractional derivative of order between zero and one. As the fundamental solution of this fractional equation is unknown (if exists), an eigenfunction approach is applied to obtain approximate fundamental solutions which are then used to solve the space–time fractional diffusion equation with initial and boundary values. Numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in long time simulations.

scholarly journals Anthropological Foundations of Global Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-281
Author(s):  
Andrzej Gzegorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Student Development ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Individual

The first Ukrainian translation of the text by Andrzej Grzegorczyk "Anthropological Foundations of Global Education". Andrzej Grzegorczyk (1922-2014) asks the question: is the current construction of the world educational system theoretically justified in terms of human cognitive needs in the modern world, and does it have prospects for development? The theoretical starting point for the rational substantiation of the construction of a modern educational program needed in our era can be represented by distinguishing two components of the picture of human life: 1) stages of development of knowledge of the child and 2) branches (spheres) of human activity to which the school should prepare. Andrzej Grzegorczyk offers his own vision of the sequence of formation of the student's personality. Based on the achievements of socio-evolutionary psychology, he proposes to correlate ontogenesis and phylogeny in education. The young human individual goes, in particular, through successive phases of development, in each of which in turn is dominated by the following four educational and developmental processes initiated by the natural human environment (as well as school). The stages of learning correspond, thus, to the prospects of student development: from the narrowest (family-tribal) perspective to the universalist, which is a synthesis of what tradition brings, as well as acquired knowledge and development of a sense of universal values. Thus, the stages (levels) of education can, in his opinion, be called as follows: 1) family-tribal, 2) traditionally national-religious, 3) individual-rationalist-scientific, 4) universalist-synthetic. The second dimension of the education program is the field / field of study. Presenting the problems of creative realization of values ​​in public life, they can be arranged according to certain parameters: guidelines for activity, way of seeing one's place in society, forms (mechanisms) of action to which the individual is usually subject or implements at this stage, related norms and positions. Among the positions of special attention deserves the experience of self-worth. In the formation of the educational system should include in the content of education the following topics related to culture, the following parameters: type of culture, the main idea of ​​culture of this type, characteristics of the richness of cultural production of this type and related type of knowledge.

Challenging corporate commitment to CSR

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410-1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Fehre ◽  
Florian Weber
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Commitment ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Purpose In times of crisis, the fundamental principles of companies erode, leading to strategy shifts. This paper aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) is on management’s agenda in times of crisis, indicating CSR embeddedness into corporate strategy. The focus is on the four pillars of CSR: social, environment, economy and governance. Design/methodology/approach Starting points are competing hypotheses based on shareholder and stakeholder theory. Chief executive officer (CEO) letters to shareholders of German HDAX firms from 2003 to 2012 are analyzed by means of computer-aided text analysis. Findings The authors find that CEOs talk less about CSR in times of crisis, especially about social and governance issues, indicating that CSR is not fully embedded into corporate strategy, and that, in times of crisis, other aspects gain more importance on management’s agenda. Research limitations/implications CEO communication is an indicator for management’s attention. Less talk about CSR in times of crisis does not automatically indicate less real CSR activity. This study is a starting point for analyses of the discrepancy between both, if any exists. Practical implications Managers should regard CSR as a strategic and trust enhancing element and stick to CSR even when under pressure from market distortions. Social implications Environment issues – exposed to companies’ attention for a long time – are embedded into corporate strategy. More research and management attention is essential to get the other CSR aspects woven into company DNA as well. Originality/value The paper is the first to research CSR in times of crisis in depth: CSR as umbrella covers social, environment, economy and governance issues. The institutional level of analysis ensures that implications for the business-society link are central.

Experiencing intentional recognition: Welcoming immigrants in Dayton, Ohio

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 384-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Housel ◽  
Colleen Saxen ◽  
Tom Wahlrab
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Recent Immigrants ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The City

What is possible if Dayton became a city that intentionally welcomed immigrants? This question was the starting point for a community conversation about the wellbeing of and outreach toward immigrants in a midsize city in southwest Ohio – the City of Dayton. This paper examines the processes employed to support the emergence of an immigrant-welcoming initiative now called ‘Welcome Dayton’. Early conversations resulted in a formal plan, written by the community and endorsed by city commissioners, which realigned and crystallised local priorities, sparking a wide spectrum of efforts aimed at becoming a welcoming city. Using qualitative methods, primarily participant observation, we identified practices of creating spaces where both long-time residents and recent immigrants come together in a way that recognises and reveals the value of each participant’s perspectives and ideas. Herein we examine the practices of creating and sustaining Welcome Dayton, paying particular attention to the role of recognition in generating ‘resourcefulness’ in the community.

The Wheel of Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Li ◽  
Yu Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Reading Direction ◽  
Psychological Evidence ◽  
Chinese Buddhists

Abstract Previous research suggests that both patterns in orthography and cultural-specific associations of space-time affect how people map space onto time. In the current study, we focused on Chinese Buddhists, an understudied population, investigating how religious experiences influence their mental representations of time. Results showed that Chinese Buddhists could represent time spatially corresponding to left-to-right, right-to-left and top-to-bottom orientations in their religious scripts. Specifically, they associated earlier events with the starting point of the reading and later times with the endpoint. We also found that Chinese Buddhists were more likely to represent time in a clockwise way than Chinese atheists. This is because Buddhism regards time as cyclic and consisting of repeating ages (i.e. Wheel of Time). Taken together, we provide first psychological evidence that Chinese Buddhists’ spatial representations of time are different from atheists’, due to their religious experiences, namely, both the reading direction in Buddhist texts and Buddhist concepts of time.

scholarly journals Is there any intron sliding in mammals?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Poverennaya ◽  
Nadezhda A. Potapova ◽  
Sergey A. Spirin
Keyword(s):  
Main Idea ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Green Monkey ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Evolutionary Event ◽  
Primate Group ◽  
Genome Annotations ◽  
Gene Orthologs ◽  
Types Of Change

Abstract Background Eukaryotic protein-coding genes consist of exons and introns. Exon–intron borders are conserved between species and thus their changes might be observed only on quite long evolutionary distances. One of the rarest types of change, in which intron relocates over a short distance, is called "intron sliding", but the reality of this event has been debated for a long time. The main idea of a search for intron sliding is to use the most accurate genome annotation and genome sequence, as well as high-quality transcriptome data. We applied them in a search for sliding introns in mammals in order to widen knowledge about the presence or absence of such phenomena in this group. Results We didn’t find any significant evidence of intron sliding in the primate group (human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque, crab-eating macaque, green monkey, marmoset). Only one possible intron sliding event supported by a set of high quality transcriptomes was observed between EIF1AX human and sheep gene orthologs. Also, we checked a list of previously observed intron sliding events in mammals and showed that most likely they are artifacts of genome annotations and are not shown in subsequent annotation versions as well as are not supported by transcriptomic data. Conclusions We assume that intron sliding is indeed a very rare evolutionary event if it exists at all. Every case of intron sliding needs a lot of supportive data for detection and confirmation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document