scholarly journals Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the coronavirus crisis based on indirect questions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Maike Mayer ◽  
Adrian Hoffmann ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Hygiene Measures

Abstract Background: During the so-called coronavirus crisis, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the pandemic. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. To adjust public information campaigns to the level of people’s commitment and to evaluate the effectiveness of these campaigns, valid information about the degree to which people comply with protective measures is desirable.Methods: However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct questionings may be seriously compromised by social desirability. Here we use an indirect questioning technique to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed.Results: In the direct questioning group 94.5 % of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1 % was observed.Conclusions: These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct questionings. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures.

scholarly journals Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic based on indirect questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Maike M. Mayer ◽  
Adrian Hoffmann ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Crosswise Model

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the spreading of the virus. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. Prevalence estimates for the compliance with the COVID-19 measures are often based on direct self-reports. However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct self-reports may be seriously compromised by social desirability. Methods In an online survey, an indirect questioning technique was used to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower than in conventional surveys when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed. The Extended Crosswise Model is an indirect questioning technique that guarantees the confidentiality of responding. To the degree that direct self-reports are biased by social desirability, prevalence estimates of hygiene practices such as thorough hand washing based on the Extended Crosswise Model should be lower than those based on direct self-reports. Results We analysed data of 1434 participants. In the direct questioning group 94.5% of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1% was observed. Conclusions These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct self-reports. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures. More realistic estimates of compliance can help to inform and to adjust public information campaigns on COVID-19 hygiene recommendations.

scholarly journals Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic based on indirect questions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Maike Mayer ◽  
Adrian Hoffmann ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Crosswise Model

Abstract Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the spreading of the virus. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. Prevalence estimates for the compliance with the COVID-19 measures are often based on direct self-reports. However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct self-reports may be seriously compromised by social desirability.Methods: In an online survey, an indirect questioning technique was used to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower than in conventional surveys when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed. The Extended Crosswise Model is an indirect questioning technique that guarantees the confidentiality of responding. To the degree that direct self-reports are biased by social desirability, prevalence estimates of hygiene practices such as thorough hand washing based on the Extended Crosswise Model should be lower than those based on direct self-reports.Results: We analysed data of 1,434 participants. In the direct questioning group 94.5 % of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1 % was observed.Conclusions: These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct self-reports. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures. More realistic estimates of compliance can help to inform and to adjust public information campaigns on COVID-19 hygiene recommendations.

scholarly journals Knowledge attitude and practices of oral and personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases among students in and around the city of Mangalore. An epidemiological survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 035-039
Author(s):  
Amitha M. Hegde ◽  
Adrija Kar ◽  
Lekshmi R. ◽  
Minu Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Regional Language ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Percentile Scores ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
The City

Abstract Introduction: India is undergoing an epidemiologic, demo-graphic and health transition. The expectancy of life has increased, with consequent rise in degenerative diseases of aging and lifestyles. Nevertheless, communicable diseases are still dominant and constitute major public health issues. There are several factors associated with the control of communicable diseases, such as hygiene, sanitation and safe drinking water, which are interlinked. Inadequate sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge about communicable diseases and practices of proper hygiene measures, among school going children in and around Mangalore, Karnataka. Methodology: A survey was conducted among the students of an English and Kannada medium school using a basic questionnaire. Results: An overall lower percentile scores were obtained by children from Kannada medium school. Conclusion: There is a definite need for intense campaigns for the promotion of good oral and personal hygiene practices better aimed at the prevention of communicable diseases in local regional language medium schools in India.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude, and Personal Hygiene Behaviors with Pathological Leukorrhea in Adolescent Girls at SMK 'Aisyiyah Palembang

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
Nabila Krisdayanti ◽  
Hamzah Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Leukorrhea (Vaginal discharge) is one of the reproductive health problems that adolescent girls face. According to research, 75% of women worldwide have experienced leukorrhea. Leukorrhea, alternatively referred to as fluor albus, is a symptom of the female reproductive organs disease that can result in severe complications if left untreated. It is believed that a low level of knowledge, negative attitudes, and bad personal hygiene habits contribute to pathological leukorrhea. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene behaviour on pathological leukorrhea in adolescent girls attending the Vocational High School (SMK) 'Aisyiyah Palembang in 2020. This study used an analytical cross-sectional design and a simple random sampling method with 92 respondents. The results indicated a statistical significance between pathological leukorrhea and knowledge (p-value 0.004), attitude (p-value 0.001), and personal hygiene behaviour (p-value 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that the bad personal hygiene behaviour variable (p-value 0.018) was the most determinant associated with pathological leukorrhea (PR = 3.305, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI]:1.232-8.868). This study concludes that persistently bad personal hygiene practices may increase the risk of pathological leukorrhea in adolescent girls. Suggestions for young women to reduce their reliance on pantyliners, wear sweat-absorbing underwear, and avoid tight underwear.

scholarly journals The Commitment of Nineveh Governorate Residents to the Precautionary Measures against Global 2019 Pandemic and Dermatological Affection of Precautions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Baraa A. Al-Rahawe ◽  
Abdulsattar Abdullah Hamad ◽  
Mohanad H. Al-Zuhairy ◽  
Hameed Hasan Khalaf ◽  
Solomon Abebaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
Prolonged Contact ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures

The world has changed dramatically since the novel pandemic pours in all aspects of life, including economic, health, and social life. The first case was initially observed in the Wuhan province of China; fast spread occurs around the world. Until now, there is no proven effective treatment for it. The study’s objectives are to assess residents of Nineveh governorate’s commitment to the COVID-19 pandemic precautionary measures recommended by the WHO and Iraqi national authorities; the protective measures are used to prevent its spread and restrict the viral infectivity. Several cutaneous changes were observed in some persons as a result of prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive use of personal hygiene measures.

scholarly journals Analysis of Factors Related to Personal Behaviour of Hygiene on the Ship Crew in PT Salam Pasific Indonesia Lines Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Friend Support ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Behaviour ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Improve Health

Fulfilment of personal hygiene is needed for individual comfort, safety, and health. Personal hygiene needs are needed both healthy people and sick people. Personal hygiene practices aim to improve health where the skin is the body's first defence line against infection. This study aims to explain the factors associated with personal hygiene behaviour on the crew at PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines Surabaya. This study used a correlational study design with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was the crew of the ship PT Salam Pacific Indonesia Lines that docked at the Port of Tanjung Perak Surabaya as many as 7 ships with a total sample of 104 respondents. The independent variables measured included knowledge, attitudes, infrastructure and friend support, and the dependent variable measured was personal hygiene behaviour. Research data collection using an instrument in the form of a questionnaire after this was analysed with the Spearman rank statistical test. The results of this study indicate that the level of knowledge has an insignificant relationship (p = 0.876) with personal hygiene behaviour, attitudes have insignificant relationship (p = 0.114) with personal hygiene behaviour, infrastructure has an insignificant relationship (p = 0,280) with personal hygiene behaviour, and friend support have insignificant relationship (p = 0,121) with personal hygiene behaviour. There was no dominant factor in personal hygiene behaviour on the crew at PT SPIL Surabaya.

scholarly journals Is oral hygiene as important as hand hygiene during COVID-19 pandemic?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar Bains ◽  
Rhythm Bains
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Present Standard

Oral hygiene is an integral part of personal hygiene practices and should not be neglected. Similar to hand hygiene, oral hygiene is essential in reducing infection from the oral cavity, and thus, its transfer to the upper and lower respiratory tract. Although there is no randomized clinical trial, oral hygiene may imply to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to coronavirus disease pandemic potentially. At present, standard oral hygiene measures consist of thorough cleaning of all surfaces of teeth, interdental areas, and tongue daily. Oral health-care providers should emphasize its importance. Thorough toothbrushing for “Two Times For Two Minutes” in a day is an easy key to remember.

scholarly journals The Impact of Policy Measures on Human Mobility, COVID-19 Cases, and Mortality in the US: A Spatiotemporal Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Yun Li ◽  
Moming Li ◽  
Megan Rice ◽  
Haoyuan Zhang ◽  
Dexuan Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Social distancing policies have been regarded as effective in containing the rapid spread of COVID-19. However, there is a limited understanding of policy effectiveness from a spatiotemporal perspective. This study integrates geographical, demographical, and other key factors into a regression-based event study framework, to assess the effectiveness of seven major policies on human mobility and COVID-19 case growth rates, with a spatiotemporal emphasis. Our results demonstrate that stay-at-home orders, workplace closures, and public information campaigns were effective in decreasing the confirmed case growth rate. For stay-at-home orders and workplace closures, these changes were associated with significant decreases (p < 0.05) in mobility. Public information campaigns did not see these same mobility trends, but the growth rate still decreased significantly in all analysis periods (p < 0.01). Stay-at-home orders and international/national travel controls had limited mitigation effects on the death case growth rate (p < 0.1). The relationships between policies, mobility, and epidemiological metrics allowed us to evaluate the effectiveness of each policy and gave us insight into the spatiotemporal patterns and mechanisms by which these measures work. Our analysis will provide policymakers with better knowledge regarding the effectiveness of measures in space–time disaggregation.

scholarly journals The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Religious Exercise: Preliminary Remarks

Laws ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Adelaide Madera
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Legal Contexts

Since 2020, the spread of COVID-19 has had an overwhelming impact not only on our personal lives, but also on domestic regulatory frameworks. Influential academics have strongly underlined that, in times of deep crisis, such as the current global health crisis, the long-term workability of legal systems is put to a severe test. In this period, in fact, the protection of health has been given priority, as a precondition that is orientating many current legal choices. Such an unprecedented health emergency has also raised a serious challenge in terms of fundamental rights and liberties. Several basic rights that normally enjoy robust protection under constitutional, supranational, and international guarantees, have experienced a devastating “suspension” for the sake of public health and safety, thus giving rise to a vigorous debate concerning whether and to what extent the pandemic emergency justifies limitations on fundamental rights. The present paper introduces the Special Issue on “The crisis of the religious freedom during the age of COVID-19 pandemic”. Taking as a starting point the valuable contributions of the participants in the Special Issue, it explores analogous and distinctive implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in different legal contexts and underlines the relevance of cooperation between religious and public actors to face a global health crisis.

scholarly journals Research on Organizational Communication

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrin Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Public Information ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Internal Communication ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Research Themes ◽  
Wide Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Swedish research on organizational communication is characterized by empirical, qualitative research. The tradition of holistic and profound case studies is strong. In this article, a wide definition of organizational communication is employed, including research focusing on both internal and external communication. Research themes and methods are reviewed and discussed. The majority of the studies concern public information, including health communication and crisis communication. Particularly, scholars have studied planning and evaluation of information campaigns concerning health, traffic and environment; and more recently, authority communication during major crises in society. Research focusing on organizations’ internal communication includes topics such as superior-subordinate communication, organizational learning, sensemaking, communication strategies and communication efficiency. Strengths and weaknesses following from this empirical case study research tradition are highlighted. Finally, the contribution of Swedish research in an international perspective is discussed.

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