The Toxic Effects of Lindane On Microcystis Aeruginosa And The Influence of pH And DOM Dependent Effects of Lindane On Microcystis Aeruginosa

Abstract The toxic effects of Lindane (γ-BHC) on Microcystis aeruginosa were studied under lab culture conditions. Total protein levels, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity, in algal cells, were determined after exposure to different concentrations of Lindane. The bioaccumulation of Lindane, as well as the influence of pH and dissolved organic matter (DOM), on the toxic effects was also evaluated in algal cells. The growth of M. aeruginosa was inhibited by Lindane treatment (96 h), resulting in 50% of maximal effect (EC50) concentration of 442 μg/L. In addition the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) was found to be 120 μg/L, the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) 60 μg/L, and the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) 85 μg/L. With increasing concentrations of Lindane and exposure time, M. aeruginosa growth was significantly inhibited; in addition, total protein levels and SOD activity significantly decreased. MDA concentration, however, showed an insignificant increase after 96 h. Lindane has the potential for bioaccumulation in algal cells with a bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 340. Furthermore, the toxic effects of Lindane on M. aeruginosa were influenced by environmental factors, such as pH and DOM. The toxic effects decreased with increasing pH and humic acid concentrations. Ultrastructure cell images were used to depict Lindane induced apoptosis.

Download Full-text

Ultrastructure of the effect of T-514 obtained from Karwinskia humboldtiana on assembly and integrity of yeast's peroxisomes

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084983 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 49 ◽

pp. 136-137

Author(s):

J. Sepulveda-Saavedra ◽

I. Vander-Klei ◽

M. Venhuis ◽

Y. Piñeyro-Lopez

Keyword(s):

Culture Conditions ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Candida Boidinii ◽

Central Mexico ◽

Poisonous Plant ◽

Biological Behaviour ◽

Enzyme Content ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Yeast Model

Karwinskia humboldtiana is a poisonous plant that grows in semi desertic areas in north and central México. It produces several substances with different toxic effects. One of them designated T-514 damages severely the lung, kidney and liver, producing in the hepatoeyte large intracellular fat deposits and necrosis. Preliminary observations demonstrated that three is a decrease in the amount of peroxisomes in the hepatocytes of experimentally intoxicated rats and monkeys. To study the effect exerted by the T-514 on peroxisomes, a yeast model was selected, thus, three species: Saccha romices cerevisiae, Ilansenula polymorpha and Candida boidinii were used, because there is information concerning their peroxisome's morphology, enzyme content, biological behaviour under different culture conditions and biogenesis.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Vitamin K1 and Warfarin on Prothrombin Expression in Human Hepatoblastoma (HepG2) Cells

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656315 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (01) ◽

pp. 040-047 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C Scott Jamison ◽

Bryan F Burkey ◽

Sandra J Friezner Degen

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Secreted Protein ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Vitamin K1 ◽

Maximal Increase ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Warfarin Treatment

SummaryCultures of human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells were treated with vitamin K1 or warfarin and prothrombin antigen and mRNA levels were determined. With 3 and 6 h of 10 µg vitamin K1 treatment secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total secreted protein levels, were increased 1.5-fold and 2.1-fold, respectively, over ethanol-treated control levels as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Dose-response analysis with 3 h of 25 µg/ml vitamin K1 treatment demonstrated a maximal increase of 2.0-fold in secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total secreted protein levels, over ethanol-treated control levels. Pulse-chase analysis with 35S-methionine and immunoprecipitation of 35S-labelled prothrombin demonstrated that, with vitamin K1 treatment (25 µg/ml, 3 h), the rate of prothrombin secretion increased approximately 2-fold and the total amount (intra- and extracellular) of prothrombin synthesized increased approximately 50% over ethanol-treated control levels. Warfarin treatment (1, 5, or 10 µg/ml, 24 h) resulted in decreases in secreted prothrombin antigen levels, relative to total protein levels to approximately 85%, 87% or 81% of ethanol-treated control levels. Analysis of total RNA isolated from these cultures by Northern and solution hybridization techniques demonstrated that prothrombin mRNA was approximately 2.1 kb and that neither vitamin K1 nor warfarin treatment affected the quantity of prothrombin mRNA (ranging from 240–350 prothrombin mRNA molecules per cell). These results demonstrate that vitamin K1 and warfarin, in addition to effects on γ-carboxylation, affect prothrombin synthesis post-transcriptionally, perhaps influencing translation, post-translational processing and/or secretion mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Age-related changes in renal and hepatic cellular mechanisms associated with variations in rat serum thyroid hormone levels

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00044.2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (6) ◽

pp. E1160-E1168 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Elena Silvestri ◽

Assunta Lombardi ◽

Pieter de Lange ◽

Luigi Schiavo ◽

Antonia Lanni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormone ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Level ◽

Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽

Type I ◽

Peripheral Tissues ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Age Related ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Age Related Changes

Aging is associated with changes in thyroid gland physiology. Age-related changes in the contribution of peripheral tissues to thyroid hormone serum levels have yet to be systematically assessed. Here, we investigated age-related alterations in the contributions of the liver and kidney to thyroid hormone homeostasis using 6-, 12-, and 24-mo-old male Wistar rats. A significant and progressive decline in plasma thyroxine occurred with age, but triiodothyronine (T3) was decreased only at 24 mo. This was associated with an unchanged protein level of the thyroid hormone transporter monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) in the kidney and with a decreased MCT8 level in the liver at 24 mo. Hepatic type I deiodinase (D1) protein level and activity declined progressively with age. Renal D1 levels were decreased at both 12 and 24 mo but D1 activity was decreased only at 24 mo. In the liver, no changes occurred in thyroid hormone receptor (TR) TRα1, whereas a progressive increase in TRβ1 occurred at both mRNA and total protein levels. In the kidney, both TRα1 and TRβ1 mRNA and total protein levels were unchanged between 6 and 12 mo but increased at 24 mo. Interestingly, nuclear TRβ1 levels were decreased in both liver and kidney at 12 and 24 mo, whereas nuclear TRα1 levels were unchanged. Collectively, our data show differential age-related changes among hepatic and renal MCT8 and D1 and TR expressions, and they suggest that renal D1 activity is maintained with age to compensate for the decrease in hepatic T3 production.

Download Full-text

Regulation of AMH by oocyte-specific growth factors in human primary cumulus cells

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-17-0421 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 154 (6) ◽

pp. 745-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Scott Convissar ◽

Marah Armouti ◽

Michelle A Fierro ◽

Nicola J Winston ◽

Humberto Scoccia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fold Increase ◽

Cumulus Cells ◽

Maximal Effect ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Secreted Factors ◽

Morphogenetic Protein ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽

Signaling Inhibitors

The regulation of AMH production by follicular cells is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of the oocyte-secreted factors, growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), on AMH production in primary human cumulus cells. Cumulus cells from IVF patients were cultured with a combination of GDF9, BMP15, recombinant FSH and specific signaling inhibitors. Stimulation with GDF9 or BMP15 separately had no significant effect onAMHmRNA levels. In contrast, simultaneous stimulation with GDF9 and BMP15 (G + B) resulted in a significant increase inAMHmRNA expression. Increasing concentration of G + B (0.6, 2.5, 5 and 10 ng/mL) stimulated AMH in a dose-dependent manner, showing a maximal effect at 5 ng/mL. Western blot analyses revealed an average 16-fold increase in AMH protein levels in cells treated with G + B when compared to controls. FSH co-treatment decreased the stimulation of AMH expression by G + B. The stimulatory effect of G + B on the expression of AMH was significantly decreased by inhibitors of the SMAD2/3 signaling pathway. These findings show for the first time that AMH production is regulated by oocyte-secreted factors in primary human cumulus cells. Moreover, our novel findings establish that the combination of GDF9 + BMP15 potently stimulates AMH expression.

Download Full-text

Investigation of the N-terminal coding region of MUC7 alterations in dentistry students with and without caries

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1515/bjmg-2016-0009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 71-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L Koç Öztürk ◽

A Yarat ◽

S Akyuz ◽

H Furuncuoglu ◽

K Ulucan

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Total Protein ◽

Turkish Population ◽

Dental Students ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

World Health ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Coding Region ◽

Protein Levels

ABSTRACTHuman low-molecular weight salivary mucin (MUC7) is a small, secreted glycoprotein coded by MUC7. In the oral cavity, they inhibit the colonization of oral bacteria, including cariogenic ones, by masking their surface adhesions, thus helping saliva to avoid dental caries. The N-terminal domain is important for low-molecular weight (MG2) mucins to contact with oral microorganisms. In this study, we aimed to identify the N-terminal coding region of the MUC7 gene between individuals with and without caries. Forty-four healthy dental students were enrolled in this study; 24 of them were classified to have caries [decayed, missing, filled-teeth (DMFT) = 5.6] according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, and 20 of them were caries-free (DMFT = 0). Simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and gingival index (GI) were used to determine the oral hygiene and gingival conditions. Total protein levels and salivary total protein levels and salivary buffer capacity (SBC) were determined by Lowry and Ericsson methods. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood cells of all the participants and genotyping was carried out by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing method. No statistical differences were found between two groups in the terms of salivary parameters, oral hygiene and gingival conditions. We detected one common single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) that leads to a change of asparagine to lysine at codon 80. This substitution was found in 29.0 and 40.0%, respectively, of the groups with and without caries. No other sequence variations were detected. The SNP found in this study may be a specific polymorphism affecting the Turkish population. Further studies with extended numbers are necessary in order to clarify this finding.

Download Full-text

Immune and Antioxidant Enzyme Response of Longfin Yellowtail (Seriola rivoliana) Juveniles to Ultra-diluted Substances Derived from Phosphorus, Silica and Pathogenic Vibrio

Homeopathy ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 108 (01) ◽

pp. 043-053 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

José Mazón-Suástegui ◽

Joan Salas-Leiva ◽

Andressa Teles ◽

Dariel Tovar-Ramírez

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis ◽

Antioxidant Response ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Control Group ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Over Expression ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Mother Tincture

Background This research aimed to observe the effect of homeopathic treatments prepared from Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus (H1) and commercial homeopathic medication Phosphoricum acidum and Silicea terra (H2) on the immune and antioxidant response in Seriola rivoliana juveniles under usual culture conditions and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Materials and Methods Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to study changes in the expression of key genes related to immune response, cytokines (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]), adapter protein for cytokine release (MyD88) and piscidin and spectrophotometric techniques to analyze the activity of antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes in Seriola rivoliana juveniles at 30 (weaning stage [WS]) and 60 (early juveniles [EJ]) days post-hatching. Results The H1 treatment led to over-expression of the IL-1β and MyD88 genes in fish at WS and EJ with respect to control, contrary to the H2 treatment that led to under-expression of the IL-1β, MyD88 and piscidin genes at the EJ stage. In fish challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, both H1 and H2 led to over-expression of IL-1β and MyD88; H2 caused an over-expression of piscidin. The SOD activity was higher in H1 with respect to H2 and the control group. CAT remained relatively stable with both H1 and H2 treatments. Conclusions The results suggest that the overall effect of H1 was due to the presence of unknown antigens in low concentrations, while the response to H2—specifically during challenge—may have been due to a stimulating effect of nano-structures, prevailing from mother tincture after sequential dilution/succussion, in a pathway similar to that attributed to nano-vaccines.

Download Full-text

Relation between both oxidative and metabolic-osmotic cell damages and initial injury severity in bombing casualties

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0606545v ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 63 (6) ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Marina Vuceljic ◽

Gordana Zunic ◽

Predrag Romic ◽

Miodrag Jevtic

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Early Period ◽

Cellular Membrane ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Oxidative Damages ◽

Gradual Development ◽

Initial Injury ◽

Initial Severity

Background/Aim. We have recently reported the development of oxidative cell damages in bombing casualties within a very early period after the initial injury. The aim of this study, was to investigate malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, and osmolal gap (OG), as a good indicator of metabolic cell damages and to assess their relationship with the initial severity of the injury in bombing casualties. Methods. The study included the males (n = 52), injured during the bombing with the Injury Severity Score (ISS) ranging from 3 to 66. The whole group of casualties was devided into a group of less severely (ISS < 25, n = 24) and a group of severely (ISS ? 26, n = 28) injured males. The uninjured volunteers (n = 10) were the controls. Osmolality, MDA, sodium, glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin and total protein levels were measured in the venous blood, sampled daily, within a ten-day period. Results. In both groups of casualties, MDA and OG levels increased, total protein levels decreased, while other parameters were within the control limits. MDA alterations correlated with ISS (r = 0.414, p < 0.01), while a statistically significant correlation between OG and ISS was not obtained. Interestingly, in spite of some differences in MDA and OG trends, at the end of the examined period they were at the similar level in both groups. Conclusion. The initial oxidative damages of the cellular membrane with intracellular metabolic disorders contributed to the gradual development of metabolic-osmotic damages of cells, which, consequently caused the OG increase. In the bombing casualties, oxidative cell damages were dependent on the initial injury severity, while metabolic-osmotic cell damages were not.

Download Full-text

Склад крові та його зв'язок із молочною продуктивністю корів різного віку та рівня продуктивності

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2013.01.20 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

Є. Ф. Ткач

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Total Protein ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Direct Proportion ◽

Bovine Blood ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Black And White ◽

Protein Levels

Викладено результати дослідження біохімічного і морфологічного складу крові корів української чорно-рябої молочної і голштинської порід та його зв’язку з молочною продуктивністю. Досліджено, що рівень молочної продуктивності пов’язаний або знаходиться у прямій залежності від інтенсивності обмінних процесів в організмі тварин. Встановлено позитивний кореляційний зв’язок між загальним білком крові і надоєм корів та між альбумінами і надоєм. Не виявлено закономірного взаємозв’язку між кількістю лейкоцитів і молочною продуктивністю корів обох порід. The article presents the results of biochemical and morphological study of bovine blood of Ukrainian black and white dairy and Holstein breeds and its relationship with milk production. It has been proved that the level of milk production is associated or is in direct proportion to the intensity of metabolism in animals. The positive correlation between total protein levels and milk yield of cows and between albumin and milk yield has been stated. No regular relationship between the number of leukocytes and milk production of cows of both breeds has been revealed.

Download Full-text