Impact of Sequelae Resulting From the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: a Cross-sectional Study in Japan and Sweden

Abstract Background: Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, people have undermined their mental health. It has been reported that sequelae resulting from COVID-19 occur at a certain rate. However, information on the mental health of people with sequelae is limited. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between sequelae resulting from COVID-19 and mental health.Methods: Design of the present study was an International and collaborative cross-sectional study in Japan and Sweden from March 18 to June 15, 2021. The analyzed data included 763 adults who participated in online surveys in Japan and Sweden and submitted complete data. In addition to demographic data including terms related to COVID-19, psychiatric symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress were measured by using the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 item (GAD-7), and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R).Results: of the 135 COVID-19 survivors among the 763 total participants, 40.7% had COVID-19-related sequelae. First, the results of the Bonferroni-corrected Mann Whitney U test showed that the group infected SARS-CoV-2 with sequelae scored significantly higher than those without sequelae and the non-infected group on all clinical symptom scales (P ≤ .001). Next, there was a significant difference that incidence rates of clinical-significant psychiatric symptoms among each group from the results of the Chi-squared test (P ≤ .001). Finally, the results of the multivariate logistic model revealed that the risk of having more severe clinical symptoms were 2.48–4.64 times higher among participants with sequelae. Conclusion: The results showed that approximately half had sequelae after COVID-19 and that the sequelae of COVID-19 may lead to the onset of mental disorders. Trial registration: The ethics committee of Chiba University approved this cross-sectional study (approval number: 4129). However, as no medical intervention was conducted, a clinical trial registration was not necessary.

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Mental Health Outcomes of Healthcare Providers During COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.625523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Sultana A. Alhurishi ◽

Khalid M. Almutairi ◽

Jason M. Vinluan ◽

Ahmad E. Aboshaiqah ◽

Mohammed A. Marie

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Event Scale ◽

Increased Risk

Objective: In this descriptive cross-sectional study we aimed, to assess the level of depression, anxiety, insomnia and distress symptoms experienced by healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.Methods: All healthcare providers currently working in different hospitals were invited to participate in this study. Data gathering started in March 2020 to May 2020. The participants answered a five-part questionnaire which includes demographic data, a 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire, a 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, a 7-item Insomnia Severity Index, and a 22-item Impact of Event Scale-Revised, which assess the level of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress.Results: Out of 200 healthcare providers, 40% were males. 52% were aged 31–40 years old, 61% were married. The majority of the participants were Saudi nationals (84%), 74% were nurses, 11% were physicians and 15% were other healthcare providers. More than half of the participants worked as front-liners (57%). Overall, 73, 69, 62, and 83% of all healthcare providers reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, respectively. The analysis showed severe symptoms level of depression for physicians and nurses was 35% and 20% (p < 0.05), respectively. Only three of the independent variables made a unique contribution to the model (gender, profession, and working position) (p < 0.05).Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on the mental health of healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. Female nurses and healthcare providers working in the frontline who were directly treating patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk of severe depression, anxiety and distress.

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The Relationship between Mental Health with the Level of Empathy Among Medical Students in Southern Thailand: A University-Based Cross- Sectional Study

Siriraj Medical Journal ◽

10.33192/smj.2021.108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (12) ◽

pp. 832-840

Author(s):

Katti Sathaporn ◽

Jarurin Pitanupong

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Medical Students ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Clinical Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Level

Objective: To determine the level of and factors associated with empathy among medical students.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed all first- to sixth-year medical students at the Facultyof Medicines, Prince of Songkla University, at the end of the 2020 academic year. The questionnaires consisted of:1) The personal and demographic information questionnaire, 2) The Toronto Empathy Questionnaire, and 3) ThaiMental Health Indicator-15. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and factors associated with empathylevel were assessed via chi-square and logistic regression analyses.Results: There were 1010 participants with response rate of 94%. Most of them were female (59%). More than half(54.9%) reported a high level of empathy. There was a statistically significant difference in empathy levels betweenpre-clinical and clinical medical students; in regards to empathy subgroups (P-value < 0.001). The assessment ofemotional states in others by demonstrating appropriate sensitivity behavior, altruism, and empathic respondingscores among the pre-clinical group were higher than those of the clinical group. Multivariate analysis indicatedthat female gender, pre-clinical training level, and minor specialty preference were factors associated with empathylevel. The protective factor that significantly improved the level of empathy was having fair to good mental health.Conclusion: More than half of the surveyed medical students reported a high level of empathy. The protective factorthat improved the level of empathy was good mental health. However, future qualitative methods, longitudinalsurveillance, or long-term follow-up designs are required to ensure the trustworthiness of these findings.

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Intestinal Helminth Infections, Compliance and Effectiveness of Albendazole Treatment among CDC Workers (18-45 Years) in Tiko, South-West Region, Cameroon

Archives of Current Research International ◽

10.9734/acri/2020/v20i330181 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-33

Author(s):

Judith Lum Ndamukong-Nyanga ◽

Dioh Njanakea Owah ◽

Nyanga Bernard Yunga ◽

Desdemona Njabi Nji ◽

Changsen Jacqueline

Keyword(s):

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Development Cooperation ◽

Intestinal Helminth ◽

Helminth Parasites ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Helminth Infections ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stool Samples

Intestinal helminthes infections are among the most prevalent of chronic human infections worldwide. These infections are common among people who work under very poor conditions most of the time without protective hand gloves, shoes and uniforms in the field. A cross-sectional study was done to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes among Cameroon Development Cooperation (CDC) workers and their compliance to anti-helminthic treatement form November 2017 to April 2018. It involved 102 workers aged18-45 years attending CDC cottage Hospital in Tiko. A cross-sectional study was done in which demographic data and data related to predisposing factors and preventive measures was collected using a simplified questionnaire, stool samples were collected pre and post treatement. Macroscopic and microscopic examination of stool samples was carried out in the hospital laboratory. Out of 102 people, a total of 81 (79.4%) people were infected with one or more species of intestitinal helminthes and there was significant difference in the infection with respect to various helminthes species (0.004). Among the 81 infected cases, 58(71.6%) were infected with single helminth species and 23 (28.4%) were infected with more than one species (coinfection). Intestinal helminths varied significantly among the participants with prevalences of 24.5% for T. trichuris, 6,9% for Hookworm, 0.9% for S. japanicum, 24.5% for S. haematobium, 34.3% for A. lumbricoides and 7.8% for S. mansoni (P<0.004). Out of the 40 participants who took the drug (albendazole), 32 (80%) came for retesting and disappointedly, 8 (20.00%) of the treated participants did not come. A majority of the 32 people retested were negative (28, 87.5%) for all species of intestinal helminth parasites, 4 (12.5%) still tested positive for the parasite presence in their stool among which 2 had schistosoma haematobium, one had schistosoma mansoni and one had Ascaris lumbricoides. Workers were recommended to wear protective hand gloves, and proper working shoes in line with their work description.

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Mental health among COVID-19 survivors and healthcare workers exposed to COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30351/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Bin Chen ◽

Yan Wang ◽

Ting Yang ◽

Cheng Li ◽

Zhiling Sun

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Educated

Abstract Then novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic was considered to be the worst and complex virus outbreak, which caused 56,985 deaths as of April 22, 2020 already. The epidemic infectious may cause mental health crisis. Meanwhile, little is known about the specific psychological status of the COVID-19 survivors and healthcare workers. This cross-sectional study surveyed the mental health among 20 COVID-19 survivors, 54 nurses, and 24 hygienists in Wuhan, China and analyze the possible impact factors using the Symptom Check List 90 - Revised (SCL90-R) questionnaire. 3 indices and 9 dimensions were compared among job, education level, gender, age, marriage classification. This study found that mental distress among participants was not very serious in general. The survivors presented a highest score, then the hygienists, and the lowest in nurses. Low-educated and women showed significant increase. No significant difference was noted in age and marriage classification. Our study indicated that the survivors need psychological support immediately. Meanwhile, healthcare workers warrant more attention, especially low-educated and women. Comprehensive emergency response plan was warranted.

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Prevalence of Asymptomatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Charcoal Producers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kaase, Ghana

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2018/9094803 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Kwame Senya ◽

Nketiah Bernard Anim ◽

Bright Segu Kobena Domson ◽

Patrick Adu

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Fluorescent Microscopy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Smoke Exposure ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Charcoal Production ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Charcoal production is a significant economic activity in Ghana. However, there is scarcity of data on the risk of acquiring Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among charcoal producers in Ghana, even though persistent smoke exposure is a known predisposition factor. Methods. This cross-sectional study recruited 40 charcoal producers: 6 males and 34 females. Two sets of early morning sputum samples were collected from each participant and examined for the presence of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) using fluorescent microscopy. Structured questionnaires were used to retrieve demographic data from each participant. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and presented as frequencies and proportions. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test. Significant difference was identified as p<0.05 at 95% confidence interval. Results. Overall, 2/40 (5%) of the participants demonstrated AFB in their sputum. All participants with AFB positive sputum were females and had 6–10 years of experience in charcoal production. Whereas coughing was the most self-reported symptom by the charcoal producers, none complained of blood in sputum. Also, only 9/40 (22.5%) had knowledge about the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infection risk associated with charcoal production. Moreover, 62.5% (25/40) of participants had no formal education. Conclusion. Education on personal protection equipment must be a public health priority in these charcoal producers in Ghana as sawdust and smoke exposure may predispose charcoal producers to acquisition of tuberculosis.

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Gender Differences in Mental Health Outcomes Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic and a Collapsing Economy: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-122511/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Aline Hajj ◽

Danielle A Badro ◽

Carla Abou Selwan ◽

Hala Sacre ◽

Randa Aoun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Vulnerable Populations ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Health Outcomes ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Emergency plans to contain the COVID-19 failed to take into consideration the repercussions of the combined economic and sanitary crisis among the most vulnerable populations who might be disproportionately affected, including women and abused people. This study primarily aimed to assess the effects of the COVID-19 and economy-related variables on Lebanese adults’ mental health, focusing on gender differences.Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted between May 10-20, 2020, using validated scales. All adults living in Lebanon, with access to the internet, were eligible, regardless of their age, socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, nationality, sex, gender identity, religion, geography, ability, and culture (n=502).Results: The multivariate analysis, adjusted on sociodemographic characteristics, economic, and coronavirus-related variables, showed that women exhibit higher levels of stress, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) than men. Moreover, violence at home was associated with more stress and insomnia, with borderline results for anxiety and well-being. No significant difference was found for PTSS. Conclusion: In the context of combined health and economic crises, mental health outcomes are not equally felt by women. Additional studies in a few months would help better understand the long-term impact, especially on PTSS and QOL, which might not be perceptible during the crisis. Focused public health strategies are warranted to support and protect the most vulnerable populations.

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The Consequences of COVID-19-Related Anxiety on Children’s Health: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-730170/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farhad Nosrati Nejad ◽

Fateme Adelinejad ◽

arash ziapour ◽

Majid Golzarpour ◽

Seyyed Amar Azizi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Children's Health ◽

Children’S Health ◽

Survey Method ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Housing Status ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a worldwide health catastrophe. Anxiety caused by COVID-19 has had a negative impact on people's physical and mental health. According to the findings of the research, significant emphasis has been devoted to measures linked to the identification of persons with coronavirus infection, but the identification of the affected individuals' mental health issues has been overlooked. Despite study data indicating an increase in fear and anxiety in patients with coronavirus and others, little research on COVID-19-related cardiac disease has been conducted so far.Methods: This cross-sectional study used a survey method with a chosen self-reported questionnaire for data collection from Mashhad residents. The research sample included 435 households with children aged 5 to 18. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and comprised two measures, (1) the Coronary Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) and (2) the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) developed by Landgraf and Abets. The findings indicated that COVID-19-related anxiety has a detrimental influence on children's health. According to the data, 19% of the children’s variance showed negative effects on health ( β= -0.625, Sig = 0.001, Adj.R2 = 0.193).Results: The findings revealed a significant difference in children's health mean scores related to forms of insurance coverage, parents' education level, housing status, and COVID-19-associated anxiety. Children's anxiety levels have increased, causing harm to their health and a reduction in their health status.Conclusion: The outcomes of the study will help health professionals and governments establish appropriate protective measures to address this worldwide health problem.

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Prevalence and Risk Factor of Gastro-esophageal Reflux Disease among Hail Population, Saudi Arabia

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1731308 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

Mohammed Kuddus ◽

Hadi Abdulaziz Aldarwish ◽

Ali Ahmed Al Tufaif ◽

Mohammed Ahmed Al-Tufaif ◽

Ali Howaidi Alharbi

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Providers ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Obese People ◽

Sports Activity ◽

Cross Sectional

Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder that develops when the contents of the stomach reflux into the esophagus due to large hiatal hernia or lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction. The common symptoms of the disease include heartburn and regurgitation. It takes place mainly among youngers, females, and obese people. The aims of the study include GERD prevalence among Hail population and the related risk factors. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Between July to December 2020. Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted with 704 subjects aged more than 15 years, through self-administered questionnaire consisting of 22 questions. The questionnaire included demographic data, GERD clinical symptoms, and individual behaviour. Statistical data analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Results: Out of 704 subjects, nearly half of the participants were males (51.7%). GERD was found in 408 (58%) participants among them 276 (39.2%) had mild symptoms, 9.9%, had moderate symptoms and 62 (8.8%) had severe condition. Most significant predictors of GERD (P <0.05) were Females with chronic health problems, anxiety, and having Spicy food. The participants with sports activity had less risk to develop GERD. Conclusion: The results showed high prevalence of GERD among Hail population with many significant predictors. Public health providers should increase awareness about GERD and its significant effects on community.

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A Cross-sectional Study on the Level of Perceived Stress and Self-reported Morbidity among Call Handlers Working in Call Centers in Gurgaon, Haryana

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2016.v02i02.19 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 103-108

Author(s):

Hossain S ◽

Hossain Q ◽

Singh S ◽

Samdarshi N

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Problems ◽

Call Centre ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: To study prevalence of self reported mental health problems among call center employees and to determine the risk factors associated with them. Setting and Design: Study design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Study period: 3months (September – November 2014). Sampling technique: Purposive sampling method. Material and methods: 200 Call centre employee working in a call centre of Gurgaon. Statistical measures: Percentage, proportions, Chi-square test Results: Among all 200 call centre employees, 140(70%) were suffering from mental health problems. Anxiety 178(89%) was most common mental health problem. There was significant difference in prevalence of mental illness in relation to age, gender, education, religion, sleep pattern and family history of illness of call centre employee. Conclusion: About two third of all the call centre employees are suffering from mental health problems. Long term measures are required to maintain sound mental health of call centre employee.

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Psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Malaysian families: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050523 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. e050523

Author(s):

Zarina Thasneem Zainudeen ◽

Intan Juliana Abd Hamid ◽

Muhd Nur Akmal Azizuddin ◽

Firdaus Farhani Abu Bakar ◽

Salina Sany ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Job Security ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impact Of Event Scale ◽

Event Scale ◽

The Family ◽

The Impact

ObjectiveTo investigate the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 on Malaysian families.DesignA cross-sectional study performed using an anonymous online questionnaire distributed through social media, email and the Department of Social Welfare.SettingMalaysian families were invited to answer the questionnaires. The sampling was performed between 12 May 2020 and 9 June 2020.InterventionThe psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and Children’s Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES). The mental health status was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) 21.Main outcome measure(1) Psychological impact on Malaysian families. (2) Prevalence of mental health status of Malaysian families during COVID-19 pandemic.ResultA total of 409 Malaysian families have responded (409 parents and 348 children), 154 respondents (38%) reported high psychological impact (score 14) for psychological construct and 189 respondents (46%) reported high psychological impact (score 6) for behavioural construct. A significantly higher proportion of respondents with not permanent employment status of the family lead reported high psychological impact. The prevalence of anxiety reported from family respondents was 23%. Forty-five children answered the DASS-21 questionnaire; 28.5% reported anxiety, 31.4% reported depression and 13.3% reported stress. The job security status of the family lead was found to be the predictive factor for the mean total IES-R score (psychological construct) and ethnicity for mean total CRIES-8 and CRIES-13.ConclusionRates of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic were high. Findings suggest that urgent measures to ensure job security among Malaysian families are important to reduce the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychosocial and mental health outcomes.

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