scholarly journals Citizens' Views on Sharing Their Health Data: the Role of Competence, Reliability and Pursuing the Common Good.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minerva C Rivas Velarde ◽  
Petros Tsantoulis ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros ◽  
Monica Aceti Aceti ◽  
Pierre Chappuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control

Abstract BackgroundIn this article, we raise several questions regarding how people consider what they do or do not consent to and the reasons why. This article presents the findings of a citizen forum study conducted for the University of Geneva in partnership with the Geneva University Hospitals to explore the opinions and concerns of members of the public society regarding predictive oncology, genetic sequencing, and cancer. MethodsThis paper present the results of a citizen forum that included 73 participants. A research tool titled "the mechanics of consent" was design for this study. This tool is table designed to allow participants to reflect on social and research actors, types of data, and desired levels of control while sharing different types of data with different actors. Participants’ discussion that led to the completion of each table were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The results are a compilation of responses from the mechanics of consent tool divided into two sections; the first quantitative results presenting of collective responses regarding attitudes to consent to donate their data by qualitative findings emerged from the discussion amongst participants. Discussion Choice and control of personal data is crucial for the public to be able to decide who and how to trust. Key information to be disclosed to potential research participants shall include information about potential risks and benefits; who will be accessing and using their data; as well as assurances that their choice will be respected. Furthermore, researchers ought to make sure they are trustworthy, meaning they are responsible to accept or refuse trust when it is misplaced or built upon unrealistic expectations. Finally, informed consent is one of the various elements that contribute to conducting ethical research, more needs to be done to strengthen governance and ensure adequate protection to research participants particularly to address issues related to predictive health analytics.

scholarly journals Citizens' views on sharing their health data: the role of competence, reliability and pursuing the common good

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minerva C. Rivas Velarde ◽  
Petros Tsantoulis ◽  
Claudine Burton-Jeangros ◽  
Monica Aceti ◽  
Pierre Chappuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Online Activity ◽  
Genetic Sequencing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Traditional Research ◽  
Governance Systems

Abstract Background In this article, we address questions regarding how people consider what they do or do not consent to and the reasons why. This article presents the findings of a citizen forum study conducted by the University of Geneva in partnership with the Geneva University Hospitals to explore the opinions and concerns of members of the public regarding predictive oncology, genetic sequencing, and cancer. Methods This paper presents the results of a citizen forum that included 73 participants. A research tool titled "the mechanics of consent" was designed for this study. This tool is a table encouraging participants to reflect on social and research actors, types of data, and desired levels of control while sharing different types of data with different actors. Participants’ discussion that led to the completion of each table were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis. Results The results are a compilation of responses from the mechanics of consent tool divided into two sections; the first presents quantitative results of collective responses regarding attitudes to consent to donate their data. The second section present qualitative findings emerged from the discussion amongst participants. Discussion Choice and control of personal data is crucial for the public to be able to decide who and how to trust. Key information to be disclosed to potential research participants shall include information about potential risks and benefits; who will be accessing and using their data; as well as assurances that their choice will be respected. Furthermore, researchers ought to make sure they are trustworthy, by acting in a competent, reliable, and honest manner. Governance systems ought to be better equipped to address ethical issues raise by the growing presence of non-traditional research actors, consent of exchanges of data via digital devices and online activity such as social media and fairness of data trading. Finally, informed consent is one of the various elements that contribute to conducting ethical research. More needs to be done to strengthen governance and ensure adequate protection of research participants, particularly to address issues related to predictive health analytics.

scholarly journals Credit for and Control of Research Outputs in Genomic Citizen Science

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 465-489
Author(s):  
Christi J. Guerrini ◽  
Jorge L. Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Genomics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Foundations ◽  
And Control

Citizen science encompasses activities with scientific objectives in which members of the public participate as more than passive research subjects from whom personal data or biospecimens are collected and analyzed by others. Citizen science is increasingly common in the biomedical sciences, including the fields of genetics and human genomics. Genomic citizen science initiatives are diverse and involve citizen scientists in collecting genetic data, solving genetic puzzles, and conducting experiments in community laboratories. At the same time that genomic citizen science is presenting new opportunities for individuals to participate in scientific discovery, it is also challenging norms regarding the manner in which scientific research outputs are managed. In this review, we present a typology of genomic citizen science initiatives, describe ethical and legal foundations for recognizing genomic citizen scientists’ claims of credit for and control of research outputs, and detail how such claims are or might be addressed in practice across a variety of initiatives.

scholarly journals The Role Of Public Relations In Advancing The Status Of University Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-133
Author(s):  
Saher Qadory
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
And Control

The human nature does not live in isolation from people, but circumstances require life to communicate with others and cooperate with them, while communicating with others and cooperate with them, either to leave the person a good impact for the rest of the people, or to leave a bad impact, if left a good impact helped him to Spend his work quickly and with less effort and vice versa. Thus, adapting individuals and groups to social reality is important and an indispensable necessity for the common good. This is the case for any organization. It does not live in isolation from the public and the surrounding society. It needs it and needs it. There must be good relations between them, and each knows the importance of the role played by society. Without the good connections between the organizations and the surrounding public or the surrounding society, they can not guarantee peace and stability, and the larger the distance between them and their audience and society, the more urgent it becomes to know the views of thousands or millions of individuals and groups. And then explain them to them in order to gain their trust and respect and support and this is what the Department of Public Relations does. Public relations, scientific insight is a social phenomenon based on its activities to interactive processes, in order to find the psychological effects related to the motives and human needs of the human personality and its components, and the trends of individuals and their different tendencies and methods of measuring these trends and ways of influencing them, so they are based mainly on the recruitment of elements These elements are scientific research, planning, coordination, communication, and evaluation, to achieve certain effects in the patterns of behavior of a particular audience, with the aim of achieving predetermined goals. Which is sometimes known as the engineering of behavior, which means a method or method the American scientist Skinner in 1955 to launch this label with the intention of similar with the technical methods used by engineers, the purpose is to subject these methods and use in the management of human behavior and control or control behavior.   Public relations are an important aspect of the work of institutions at the present time and are more specific in government institutions because of the enormous burdens and responsibilities of the community, as well as the need for good relations between the organization and the public by informing them of the facts, information, objectives, policies, programs and plans of the organization. And to convince the public of the importance of the efforts of government institutions to serve the citizens

scholarly journals What Kind of Freedom is Academic Freedom?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Common Good ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
The Public ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Abstract In this essay, I argue for a definition of academic freedom that does not confuse it with what is considered to be a human right—the individual right to free speech. This is a freedom granted in principle by the state to scholars (usually within educational institutions: schools, colleges, and universities) because their critical activity has been considered vital to the public good, and because it is a self-regulated activity committed to processes of relentless questioning that require disciplined forms of reading and reasoning. Neoliberal practices have undermined the basis for this classic definition of academic freedom. The essay explores the alternatives to state-ensured academic freedom that have emerged both within and outside the university, focusing particular attention on Turkey’s Solidarity Academies. It concludes by insisting that the critical function of producing knowledge for the common good must be protected by non-state actors if the state has broken the covenant upon which academic freedom once rested.

scholarly journals Healthcare Staff Perceptions Following Inoculation with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine at University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 9378
Author(s):  
Tim Robbins ◽  
Ioannis Kyrou ◽  
Cain Clark ◽  
Kavi Sharma ◽  
Steven Laird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University ◽  
To Receive

Background: COVID-19 vaccination programmes offer hope for a potential end to the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. We present perceptions following from a cohort of healthcare staff at the UK NHS hospital, which first initiated the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 (“Pfizer”) vaccination program. Methods: A paper-based survey regarding perceptions on the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was distributed to all healthcare workers at the University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire NHS Trust following receipt of the first vaccine dose. Results: 535 healthcare workers completed the survey, with a 40.9% response rate. Staff felt privileged to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Staff reported that they had minimised contact with patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Reported changes to activity following vaccination both at work and outside work were guarded. Statistically significant differences were noted between information sources used by staff groups and between groups of different ethnic backgrounds to inform decisions to receive vaccination. Conclusions: NHS staff felt privileged to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, and felt that their actions would promote uptake in the wider population. Concerns regarding risks and side effects existed, but were minimal. This research can be used to help inform strategies driving wider vaccine uptake amongst healthcare staff and the public.

A Local Area Network for Medical Research; Planning, Realization and Experience

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schosser ◽  
C. Weiss ◽  
K. Messmer
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Test Installation ◽  
Cost Performance ◽  
The Public ◽  
On Line ◽  
The University

This report focusses on the planning and realization of an interdisciplinary local area network (LAN) for medical research at the University of Heidelberg. After a detailed requirements analysis, several networks were evaluated by means of a test installation, and a cost-performance analysis was carried out. At present, the LAN connects 45 (IBM-compatible) PCs, several heterogeneous mainframes (IBM, DEC and Siemens) and provides access to the public X.25 network and to wide-area networks for research (EARN, BITNET). The network supports application software that is frequently needed in medical research (word processing, statistics, graphics, literature databases and services, etc.). Compliance with existing “official” (e.g., IEEE 802.3) and “de facto” standards (e.g., PostScript) was considered to be extremely important for the selection of both hardware and software. Customized programs were developed to improve access control, user interface and on-line help. Wide acceptance of the LAN was achieved through extensive education and maintenance facilities, e.g., teaching courses, customized manuals and a hotline service. Since requirements of clinical routine differ substantially from medical research needs, two separate networks (with a gateway in between) are proposed as a solution to optimally satisfy the users’ demands.

Our universities away from partisan Altsarat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
أ.د.عبد الجبار احمد عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Moral Duty ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Office ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The University

In order to codify the political and partisan activity in Iraq, after a difficult labor, the Political Parties Law No. (36) for the year 2015 started and this is positive because it is not normal for the political parties and forces in Iraq to continue without a legal framework. Article (24) / paragraph (5) of the law requires that the party and its members commit themselves to the following: (To preserve the neutrality of the public office and public institutions and not to exploit it for the gains of a party or political organization). This is considered because it is illegal to exploit State institutions for partisan purposes . It is a moral duty before the politician not to exploit the political parties or some of its members or those who try to speak on their behalf directly or indirectly to achieve partisan gains. Or personality against other personalities and parties at the expense of the university entity.

The Effect of Using Flipped Classroom Model to Improve Iraqi EFL Learners’ Pronunciation in English at University Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (40) ◽  
pp. 631-654
Author(s):  
Khaldoon Waleed Husam Al-Mofti
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
English Pronunciation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

For Iraqi EFL learners who are studying English pronunciation in a traditional instruction method often requires more effort and hard work. Thus, using new methods of teaching such as the flipped classroom model (FCM) is necessary to facilitate learning and improve performance. Hence, this study reports on explanatory research that investigates the effect of using the FCM in the teaching of English pronunciation for Iraqi EFL learners at the university level. The study implemented mixed research methods for data collection in a quasi-experimental analysis. Therefore, two tests were conducted on the assigned groups to measure the effect of the FCM before and after the intervention. Besides, a questionnaire and interviews were used on the experiment group students to collect data about their perceptions of the FCM. The study length (lasted)  was 15 weeks and is comprised of 60 students from the department of English, College of Arts at the University of Anbar. The students were divided into two groups, experimental, and control with 30 students in each group. The findings revealed that there was a significant statistical difference between the two groups in favour of the experimental group with better performance, indicating that the FCM has considerably assisted the Iraqi EFL learners to improve their English pronunciation. Moreover, the students expressed their positive feedback and satisfaction on the use of the FCM in their responses to the questionnaire and the interviews. As such, the current study recommends further research to study the effect of applying the FCM in areas and disciplines other than language learning.

Accounting and Control as Mechanisms for Solving Economic Problems as Viewed by Russian Citizens of the Perestroika Era (Based on the Analysis of Letters to the Authorities)

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Ol’ga D. Popova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Soviet Economy ◽  
Mikhail Gorbachev ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Regulatory Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Boris Yeltsin

This article deals with the public attitude toward the economic reforms of 1989–1990, specifically, the citizens’ suggestions on how to improve the country’s economy. The author analyses previously unpublished letters written by Russian citizens and addressed to the country’s leaders (Boris Yeltsin and Mikhail Gorbachev) or sent to Soviet newspapers. To investigate people’s mental attitudes, the article focuses not only on social polling, but also on emotions, feelings, and thoughts shared by the letterwriters. The author of this article maintains that many citizens feared that the country would be swept away by the avalanche of capitalism and were prejudiced against perestroika-induced innovations. Habitual mental attitudes were undermined by the cooperative movement and private entrepreneurship. Various unrealistic and paradoxical suggestions were not infrequently made by the letter-writers who knew very little, if anything, about market economy. The majority of people suggested that command economy with its bureaucratic flavour should be improved. The analysis shows that Russian citizens’ mental attitudes were predominantly shaped by the notion of a bipolar world, as well as by Vladimir Lenin’s teaching about the socialist state and its role in the accounting and control over the Soviet state. The letters demonstrate that Russian citizens hoped to upgrade the Soviet economy through improvements introduced into the system of accounting and control, through harsher regulatory measures imposed on the economic system, as well as through rationing and strictly supervised distribution of goods. Many people believed that socialism was inviolable and that the Soviet economy could be improved by means of administrative reforms.

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