scholarly journals Effect of Zoledronic Acid Combined With Metformin on Bone of Db/db Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-yao Yang ◽  
Zhao Wen ◽  
Wen-jie Ma ◽  
Yan-shui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Marrow Cavity

Abstract Background Diabetic Osteoporosis (DO) is a complication of diabetes. As a first-line medication for diabetes, metformin combined with the anti-osteoporosis drug zoledronic acid is still unclear whether it is effective in treating DO. In this work, we explored the effect of metformin combined with zoledronic acid in the treatment of DO.Methods 12-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group, ZA (zoledronic acid) group, MET (metformin) group, CMT (combination therapy group) group, Set WT (wild-type) mice of the same strain and age as the blank control group. Body weight and blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks. After 10 weeks, samples were taken for pathology and imaging related tests.Results (1) The body weight of db/db mice treated with metformin was stable and blood glucose was decreased. (2) After HE staining, db/db mice treated with metformin showed decreased adipocytes, increased blood cells and blood vessels in bone marrow cavity; db/db mice treated with zoledronic acid showed increased trabeculae. The number of bone trabeculae and blood vessels in the bone increased after the combined use of the two drugs. (3) By OPG staining and semi-quantitative analysis, db/db mice had the lowest osteoblastic activity. db/db mice treated with metformin had higher osteoblastic activity than those treated with zoledronic acid, and the osteoblastic activity of CMT was higher than that treated with ZA group or MET group. (4) After TE staining, semi-quantitative analysis showed that the number of bone lacunae in WT group was the least, the number of bone lacunae in ZA group and CMT group was significantly lower than that in db/db group, but the number of bone lacunae in MET group was not significant. (5) The bone morphological analysis of db/db mice in the CMT group was significantly better than that of MET or ZA alone by micro-CT scanning and bone tissue parameters determination.Conclusion ZA combined with MET has better anti-bone loss effect than zoledronic acid or metformin alone in db/db mice.

scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverages induced metabolic syndrome and its reversal using bitter melon extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Akshay Kirthan Jagannath Peraje ◽  
Ananda Puttaiah ◽  
Anshu Kumar Yadav ◽  
Akila Prashant ◽  
Prashant Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are known to cause metabolic pathologies increasing the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to determine the effects of chronic sugar intake on lipogenesis and glucose metabolism in mice and study if bitter melon extract (BME) can reverse this effect. BME was prepared using 50% ethanol as solvent, biochemical assays for the estimation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups (n=6): Control (group-1), Glucose (group-2), Glucose+BME (group-3), Sucrose (group-4), Sucrose+BME (group-5), Fructose (group-6), Fructose+BME (group-7). Each group was induced with 30% wt/vol of respective sugars for 8 weeks, and BME was supplemented (300 mg/kg body weight) to group-3, 5, and 7 along with sugars after 4 weeks of induction. Blood glucose and body weight measurements were performed every week for 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was collected along with blood for lipid profile estimation. RPAT was stained with hematoxylin & eosin and examined under the microscope for adipocyte cell count/size. Group-3, 5, and 7 presented a significant decrease in the body weight at 8th week when compared to their 4th-week bodyweight, a significant drop in blood glucose and all the lipid profile parameters when compared to their respective control groups, and group-3 and 5 presented a significant reduction in the size of the adipocyte upon treatment with BME. Due to the presence of high phenolic acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory property BME has various health benefits and the potential to treat SSB-induced metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Investigation of the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Masood ◽  
Attiq ur Rehman ◽  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Mohamed El Shazly ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Onion Peel ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Onion Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstract Aim Onion is one of the commonly cultivated and consumed vegetables rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Various nutraceuticals are found in the outer fleshy layers and dry peel of onion which usually is treated as a common biowaste. Diabetes mellitus is a leading non communicable disease causing hyperglycemia and increased production of free radicals that potentially disrupts antioxidant enzymatic activity. Considering global consumption of wheat, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract (OPE) or onion powder (OP) on diabetic rats. Methods In this study, ethanolic extract of onion peel and onion bulb were prepared separately. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7). Different regimens of supplemented wheat bread (OPE (1% and 3%) and OP (5% and 7%)) were given to diabetic rats for eight weeks, plain bread was used as the control. Blood glucose level, body weight and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH and MDA in the liver and kidney tissues were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version (25) and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Results Bread supplemented with 1% and 3% onion peel extract and 7% onion powder significantly reduced blood glucose levels and MDA in the treated rats compared with the control group diabetic rats. Body weight of diabetic rats was reduced for control group, while onion supplemented diet improved the body weight of treated rats. Onion supplementation also brought significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activities among the treated diabetic rats. Conclusion These findings suggested that onion supplementation is effective in lowering blood glucose and could potentially aid in protecting organs from oxidative stress.

scholarly journals PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Guo ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Xiaofang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background：Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods：Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results：Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LDand HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion：PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Hyperglycemia after RYGB Surgery in Diabetic Rats Is Related to Elevated Hypothalamus GLP-1 Receptor Expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazyra Zynat ◽  
Yuyu Guo ◽  
Yingli Lu ◽  
Dongping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group D

Objectives. This study aimed to explore the expression of GLP-1 receptor in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tissues after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in diabetic rats.Methods. Male 12-week-old Wistar rats (control) and Goto-Kakizaki rats (diabetic) were randomly divided into two groups, respectively: control sham surgery group (C), control RYGB group (C + R), diabetic sham surgery group (D), and diabetic RYGB group (D + R). Body weight and blood glucose were monitored before and after surgery every week. Eight weeks after surgery, all rats were sacrificed and the serum fasting GLP-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA. GLP-1R and DPP-4 expression in hypothalamus and ileum were measured by RT-PCR.Results. The body weight and fasting/random blood glucose in the D + R group decreased significantly compared with the D group (P<0.05). Serum GLP-1 levels in diabetic rats treated with RYGB were higher than the corresponding sham surgery rats. The expression of GLP-1R of hypothalamus in RYGB-treated diabetic rats was significantly higher than those of the sham surgery diabetic rats and both control group rats (P<0.05). We found a negative correlation between hypothalamus GLP-1R mRNA and blood glucose level. No significant difference was seen in ileum GLP-1R and DPP-4 expression among all groups.Conclusions. RYGB efficiently promoted serum GLP-1 levels and the expression of GLP-1 receptor in the hypothalamus in diabetic rats. These data suggest that the hypothalamus GLP-1R may play an important role in the GLP-1 system for improving glucose homeostasis after reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Fruits of Eriobotrya japonica on Lipid Profile and Body weight in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeeha Shafi ◽  
Nahida Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Eriobotrya japonica locally called as loquat in Kashmir has been studied in various parts of the world but little work has been reported on Kashmiri loquat. The chemical nature of fruits and vegetables offers a great diversity of biological properties and plays an important role in the field of pharmacology. There is a quest for newer drugs with few adverse effects and this poses a challenge for the development of new drugs. The study was undertaken to study the activities of ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening of the plant was also done. The animals were divided into five groups. Normal Control group received only the vehicle. Toxic group included those animals in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The 3rd group was those animals which received streptozotocin and standard antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide. 4th group included those diabetic animals which received 50 mg/kg b.w dose of fruits of Eriobotrya japonica. 5th group animals included those diabetic animals which received 100 mg/kg b.w of the plant extract. The biochemical parameters that were evaluated were blood glucose levels and lipid profile tests. The body weight was also checked. Histopathology of pancreas was also done. The results showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels, lipid profile tests in animals treated with different doses of the plant extracts. Histopathology of pancreas also showed positive results.

scholarly journals PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Guo ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Sun Xiaofang
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background: Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods: Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC, n=6) and an obesity model group (n=24). The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups receiving different doses of PEX-168 (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD), receiving PEX-168 doses of 0.03 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, respectively), with 6 animals in each group. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The activity of the mice was observed, and serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP) chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results: Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LD and HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion: PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

scholarly journals ANTI-HYPER LIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF SMILAX WIGHTII A.DC. IN STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Uma Maheswari P ◽  
Arumugasamy K ◽  
Shalimol A ◽  
Asha devi V ◽  
Nantha kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Smilax wightii, an endemic medicinal plant is found in the shola forests at high altitudes in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats, Southern India . The present study, was undertaken to find out the effect of methanolic extract of this plant on the body weight, fasting blood glucose levels and lipid profiles inall the streptozotocin (STZ) induced rats. The extract exerted a significant (P<0.05) effect in the body weight of the experimental animals when compared to the control group. Treatment with the extract and glibenclamide resulted in a significant (P<0.01) reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic ratswhen compared to the normal. The lipid profile such as TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL contents in the serum registered a significant (P<0.01) hike and a decline in the HDL contents in diabetic control group, which were retrieved to near normalcy in the plant extract treated groups. The effect produced by this plant extract wascomparable with that of glibenclamide. The decreased fasting blood glucose levels and lipid lowering properties clearly showed the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of S.wightii.

scholarly journals Effective Dose of Streptozotocin to Induce Diabetes Mellitus and Variation of Biophysical and Biochemical Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhasini Padugupati ◽  
S Ramamoorthy ◽  
Kumar Thangavelu ◽  
DVHS Sarma ◽  
Deepak Jamadar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Peptide

Introduction: There is a need to develop diabetic animal model, to have a better understanding of the complications of diabetes mellitus. The dose of Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes mellitus in animals is important as it may lead to inadequate induction of diabetes or mortality. Intravenous injection of STZ in adult Wistar rats, leads to the degeneration in Langerhans islet β-cells and induces experimental diabetes mellitus in 3-5 days. Aim: To optimise the dose of STZ to create a diabetic animal model with sustained hyperglycaemia and to compare the changes in body weight, serum glucose and C-peptide levels between non diabetic and diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental animal study was conducted at animal house, Pal amur Bioscience Pvt., Ltd. The sample size included 30 albino Wistar rats divided into five groups T0, T1, T2, T3 and T4 with six rats in each group (three males and three females). Group T0 was the control, while STZ at different concentrations were administered intraperitoneally in group T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Blood samples were drawn from retro-orbital plexus of animals and blood glucose, C-peptide levels along with the body weight was checked on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. The F statistics, one-way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the different groups. Denny’s test was used to compare the control group versus different test groups. Results: When compared with the control group T0 on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day, the test group T1 had no variation in the body weight. On the other hand groups T2, T3 and T4 had variations in the body weights. Initially there was increase in the weight, later here was a gradual decrease in the body weight when compared to the control group. Hyperglycaemic profile (blood glucose level >120 mg/dL) was achieved in group T1, T2, T3 and T4 after 7 days. High mortality rate was observed in group T4 followed by group T3. Group T2 had persistent hyperglycaemia while group T1 had reversible hyperglycaemic profile. The C-peptide levels were gradually decreased in the test groups and it was statistically significant (p-value <0.0001). Conclusion: Intraperitoneal dose of STZ of 55 mg/kg created diabetic animal model with persistent hyperglycaemia. However, dose above increased the mortality rate and below failed to create diabetic animal model.

scholarly journals PEX-168 improves insulin resistance, inflammatory response and adipokines in simple obese mice: a mechanistic exploration

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Guo ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Lihua Zhu ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Daorong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background Polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice. Methods Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks. Results Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the MD and HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the MD and HD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05). Conclusions PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and improved the insulin resistance. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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