scholarly journals Sugar-sweetened beverages induced metabolic syndrome and its reversal using bitter melon extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-26
Author(s):  
Akshay Kirthan Jagannath Peraje ◽  
Ananda Puttaiah ◽  
Anshu Kumar Yadav ◽  
Akila Prashant ◽  
Prashant Vishwanath
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are known to cause metabolic pathologies increasing the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disorders. We aimed to determine the effects of chronic sugar intake on lipogenesis and glucose metabolism in mice and study if bitter melon extract (BME) can reverse this effect. BME was prepared using 50% ethanol as solvent, biochemical assays for the estimation of phenolic compounds, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity was performed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into seven groups (n=6): Control (group-1), Glucose (group-2), Glucose+BME (group-3), Sucrose (group-4), Sucrose+BME (group-5), Fructose (group-6), Fructose+BME (group-7). Each group was induced with 30% wt/vol of respective sugars for 8 weeks, and BME was supplemented (300 mg/kg body weight) to group-3, 5, and 7 along with sugars after 4 weeks of induction. Blood glucose and body weight measurements were performed every week for 8 weeks. Animals were sacrificed and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT) was collected along with blood for lipid profile estimation. RPAT was stained with hematoxylin & eosin and examined under the microscope for adipocyte cell count/size. Group-3, 5, and 7 presented a significant decrease in the body weight at 8th week when compared to their 4th-week bodyweight, a significant drop in blood glucose and all the lipid profile parameters when compared to their respective control groups, and group-3 and 5 presented a significant reduction in the size of the adipocyte upon treatment with BME. Due to the presence of high phenolic acids, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatory property BME has various health benefits and the potential to treat SSB-induced metabolic disorders.

scholarly journals Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Fruits of Eriobotrya japonica on Lipid Profile and Body weight in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabeeha Shafi ◽  
Nahida Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

Eriobotrya japonica locally called as loquat in Kashmir has been studied in various parts of the world but little work has been reported on Kashmiri loquat. The chemical nature of fruits and vegetables offers a great diversity of biological properties and plays an important role in the field of pharmacology. There is a quest for newer drugs with few adverse effects and this poses a challenge for the development of new drugs. The study was undertaken to study the activities of ethanolic extract of Eriobotrya japonica fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. The phytochemical screening of the plant was also done. The animals were divided into five groups. Normal Control group received only the vehicle. Toxic group included those animals in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin. The 3rd group was those animals which received streptozotocin and standard antidiabetic drug-glibenclamide. 4th group included those diabetic animals which received 50 mg/kg b.w dose of fruits of Eriobotrya japonica. 5th group animals included those diabetic animals which received 100 mg/kg b.w of the plant extract. The biochemical parameters that were evaluated were blood glucose levels and lipid profile tests. The body weight was also checked. Histopathology of pancreas was also done. The results showed significant decrease in blood glucose levels, lipid profile tests in animals treated with different doses of the plant extracts. Histopathology of pancreas also showed positive results.

scholarly journals Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 2515690X2110110
Author(s):  
Wiraphol Phimarn ◽  
Bunleu Sungthong ◽  
Hiroyuki Itabe
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters

Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

scholarly journals Investigation of the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract and onion powder in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Masood ◽  
Attiq ur Rehman ◽  
Shahid Bashir ◽  
Mohamed El Shazly ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Onion Peel ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Onion Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

Abstract Aim Onion is one of the commonly cultivated and consumed vegetables rich in nutrients and phytochemicals. Various nutraceuticals are found in the outer fleshy layers and dry peel of onion which usually is treated as a common biowaste. Diabetes mellitus is a leading non communicable disease causing hyperglycemia and increased production of free radicals that potentially disrupts antioxidant enzymatic activity. Considering global consumption of wheat, the present study was designed to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of wheat bread supplemented with onion peel extract (OPE) or onion powder (OP) on diabetic rats. Methods In this study, ethanolic extract of onion peel and onion bulb were prepared separately. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups (n = 7). Different regimens of supplemented wheat bread (OPE (1% and 3%) and OP (5% and 7%)) were given to diabetic rats for eight weeks, plain bread was used as the control. Blood glucose level, body weight and activities of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, GSH and MDA in the liver and kidney tissues were evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version (25) and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test. Results Bread supplemented with 1% and 3% onion peel extract and 7% onion powder significantly reduced blood glucose levels and MDA in the treated rats compared with the control group diabetic rats. Body weight of diabetic rats was reduced for control group, while onion supplemented diet improved the body weight of treated rats. Onion supplementation also brought significant improvement in antioxidant enzyme activities among the treated diabetic rats. Conclusion These findings suggested that onion supplementation is effective in lowering blood glucose and could potentially aid in protecting organs from oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of 5-HTP and L-Dopa on lipid profile of Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Ulka Yadav ◽  
Rajkumari Batham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Mice

The present study was designed to test whether the precursor of serotonin (i.e.5-HTP) and dopamine (i.e. L-DOPA) can influence Body weight and certain hematological constitutes (i.e. blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and serum protein) in streptozotocin induced diabetic mice. In the study, animals were divided into 6 groups. After 10 days at the termination of experiment body weight and blood glucose taken. Blood was collected from left ventricle and deposited to pathology for haematological analysis (i.e. blood Glucose, glycosylated heamoglobin, serum protein, triglyceride total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDC-cholesterol, and VLDL-cholesterol). Statistical analysis were done with the help of student’s ‘t’ test followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The result of the present study suggest that peripheral administration of 5-HTP (a precursor of serotonin) and L-DOPA (a precursor of dopamine) influences the body weight gain and lipid profile (i.e. triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol , LDL-Cholesterol, VLDC-cholesterol) in streptozotocin induce diabetic mice. The finding of the present study supports the concept that insulin alone does not fully control diabetes. Other chemical substance like neurotransmitter/hormones may involve in controlling the diabetes.

scholarly journals Effect of Zoledronic Acid Combined With Metformin on Bone of Db/db Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-yao Yang ◽  
Zhao Wen ◽  
Wen-jie Ma ◽  
Yan-shui Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Marrow Cavity

Abstract Background Diabetic Osteoporosis (DO) is a complication of diabetes. As a first-line medication for diabetes, metformin combined with the anti-osteoporosis drug zoledronic acid is still unclear whether it is effective in treating DO. In this work, we explored the effect of metformin combined with zoledronic acid in the treatment of DO.Methods 12-week-old db/db mice were randomly divided into db/db group, ZA (zoledronic acid) group, MET (metformin) group, CMT (combination therapy group) group, Set WT (wild-type) mice of the same strain and age as the blank control group. Body weight and blood glucose were measured every 2 weeks. After 10 weeks, samples were taken for pathology and imaging related tests.Results (1) The body weight of db/db mice treated with metformin was stable and blood glucose was decreased. (2) After HE staining, db/db mice treated with metformin showed decreased adipocytes, increased blood cells and blood vessels in bone marrow cavity; db/db mice treated with zoledronic acid showed increased trabeculae. The number of bone trabeculae and blood vessels in the bone increased after the combined use of the two drugs. (3) By OPG staining and semi-quantitative analysis, db/db mice had the lowest osteoblastic activity. db/db mice treated with metformin had higher osteoblastic activity than those treated with zoledronic acid, and the osteoblastic activity of CMT was higher than that treated with ZA group or MET group. (4) After TE staining, semi-quantitative analysis showed that the number of bone lacunae in WT group was the least, the number of bone lacunae in ZA group and CMT group was significantly lower than that in db/db group, but the number of bone lacunae in MET group was not significant. (5) The bone morphological analysis of db/db mice in the CMT group was significantly better than that of MET or ZA alone by micro-CT scanning and bone tissue parameters determination.Conclusion ZA combined with MET has better anti-bone loss effect than zoledronic acid or metformin alone in db/db mice.

scholarly journals Effects of Spirulina platensis on alloxan induced diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-146
Author(s):  
SMAK Hussaini ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
K Rafiq
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group

The study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Spirulina platensis on body weight, blood glucose and lipid profile on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Fifteen Long Evans male rats at six weeks of age were used for the experiment. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan@ 150 mg/kg and experiment was carried out for a period of 6 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups of 5 rats each. The groups were i)healthy control, ii) diabetic control with both receiving rats’ pellet as supplement, and iii) diabetic treated with oral administration of Spirulina platensis  @ 400 mg/kg bwt. Results from the study showed that Spirulina platensis reduced blood glucose significantly (P<0.01) and increased body weight significantly (P<0.05) in contrast to diabetic control group after 6 weeks. Lipid profile analysis with Spirulina platensis @ 400 mg/kg showed that total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, and LDL were lowered significantly   compared to diabetic groups in contrast to HDL levels which were increased following the use of Spirulina platensis. Our findings showed that oral administration of Spirulina platensis could reduce the adverse effect of alloxan induced diabetes in rats. Based on this research it can be concluded that Spirulina platensis has antihyperglycemic and hypolipidimic effects in alloxan induced diabetic rats.Progressive Agriculture 29 (2): 139-146, 2018

scholarly journals PEX-168 Improves Insulin Resistance, Inflammatory Response and Adipokines in Simple Obese Mice: A Mechanistic Exploration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyuan Guo ◽  
Yuting Wu ◽  
Xiaofang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Background：Polyethylene glycol losenatide (PEX-168) is a new antidiabetic drug; as such, there are not yet any reports on its weight loss effect. Therefore, this trial was designed to investigate the effect of PEX-168 on simple obese mice.Methods：Thirty healthy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly selected and divided into a control group (NC) and an obesity model group. The high-fat diet-induced simple obesity mice were divided into a model control group (HF) and three intervention groups. The intervention groups were injected with different doses of PEX-168 intraperitoneally once a week for 12 weeks (low (LD), medium (MD) and high (HD)). Fasting blood glucose (FBG), body weight and food intake were measured from 1 to 12 weeks after PEX-168 injection. The serum insulin (INS), C-reactive protein (CRP), chemerin and omentin levels were measured after 12 weeks.Results：Compared with the HF group, the low dose of PEX-168 reduced the body weight of the mice in a short period of time (8 weeks), and the mice in the LDand HD groups showed a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.05). The low dose of PEX-168 could effectively improve the blood glucose and insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) of the mice (FBG P < 0.05 INS, Homa-IR P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference between different doses (P > 0.05). CRP levels in the HD and LD groups were significantly improved (P < 0.05). The levels of serum chemerin and omentin in the intervention groups were also significantly improved (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference between the different doses (P > 0.05).Conclusion：PEX-168 significantly reduced the body weight of simple obese mice and prevented the development of diabetes. PEX-168 may regulate the expression of chemerin and omentin mainly through its hypoglycaemic effect, and the weight-reducing effect of PEX-168 is unlikely to be the reason for the changes in both.

scholarly journals The Improvement of Hyperglycemia after RYGB Surgery in Diabetic Rats Is Related to Elevated Hypothalamus GLP-1 Receptor Expression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazyra Zynat ◽  
Yuyu Guo ◽  
Yingli Lu ◽  
Dongping Lin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Surgery Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group D

Objectives. This study aimed to explore the expression of GLP-1 receptor in hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tissues after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery in diabetic rats.Methods. Male 12-week-old Wistar rats (control) and Goto-Kakizaki rats (diabetic) were randomly divided into two groups, respectively: control sham surgery group (C), control RYGB group (C + R), diabetic sham surgery group (D), and diabetic RYGB group (D + R). Body weight and blood glucose were monitored before and after surgery every week. Eight weeks after surgery, all rats were sacrificed and the serum fasting GLP-1 concentrations were measured by ELISA. GLP-1R and DPP-4 expression in hypothalamus and ileum were measured by RT-PCR.Results. The body weight and fasting/random blood glucose in the D + R group decreased significantly compared with the D group (P<0.05). Serum GLP-1 levels in diabetic rats treated with RYGB were higher than the corresponding sham surgery rats. The expression of GLP-1R of hypothalamus in RYGB-treated diabetic rats was significantly higher than those of the sham surgery diabetic rats and both control group rats (P<0.05). We found a negative correlation between hypothalamus GLP-1R mRNA and blood glucose level. No significant difference was seen in ileum GLP-1R and DPP-4 expression among all groups.Conclusions. RYGB efficiently promoted serum GLP-1 levels and the expression of GLP-1 receptor in the hypothalamus in diabetic rats. These data suggest that the hypothalamus GLP-1R may play an important role in the GLP-1 system for improving glucose homeostasis after reconstruction of the gastrointestinal tract.

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) supplementation to the diet of adults with type 2 diabetes improved systolic blood pressure: A randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 026010602098181
Author(s):  
Eman Zaid Marzouq Alwosais ◽  
Ebaa Al-Ozairi ◽  
Tasleem A Zafar ◽  
Sharifa Alkandari
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Chia Seed

Background: Functional food ingredients, such as dietary fiber, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, and high-quality protein, have been shown to help control blood glucose concentration and lower high blood pressure (BP), as well as improving other cardiovascular disease risk factors. However, little research has assessed the impacts of consuming chia seeds, which are rich in these nutrients, on metabolic and physiological outcomes, and results are conflicting. Aim: The study aimed to investigate the possible effects of chia seeds on fasting blood glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, BP, lipid profile, body weight, and the inflammatory marker – high-sensitivity C-reactive protein – in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods: Adults with T2DM ( n = 42) were randomly assigned equally to the chia seed group, which consumed 40 g/day chia seeds for 12 weeks, or a control group, which did not consume any supplement. Blood samples were collected at baseline and after a 12-week intervention period to assess the study outcomes, such as glycemic control, BP, cardiovascular risk parameters including lipid profile, inflammatory marker, and body weight. Results: Adjusted for gender and baseline values, the chia seed group had systolic BP (SBP) significantly reduced compared to control [ t (1) = 2.867, p = 0.007, η 2 p = 0.174]. No differences were observed in any other parameter tested in the chia seed or control group. Conclusions: People with T2DM and hypertension, maintaining usual dietary consumption, physical activity pattern, and medications, had significantly reduced SBP compared to the control group when having consumed 40 g/d of chia seeds for 12 weeks.

THE EFFECT OF BITTER MELON (Momordica charantia L.) JUICE AND BOILED EXTRACTON DIABETIC RATS

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Fitri Electrika D. Surawan ◽  
Zulman Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia ◽  
And Control

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common of the endocrine disorder and chronic hyperglycaemia due to relative or absolute lack of insulin. The aim of the study is to investigate the the body weight profile, decreased of body weight (%) and glucose level of the bitter melon  juice and boiled extract dietin alloxan induced diabetic rats. Therats were divided randomly into three groups with fed AIN-93, the first group is control with water diet only, whereas the second group was given bitter melon juice extract diet, and third group with bitter melon boiled extract diet.  The diet of bitter melon juice and boiled extract were done by oral administration of 2ml/200 g body weight of rats for 8 days. The result showed that diet with bitter melon juice and boiled extract could improve body weight after 4 days. Additionally, the decreased of body weight percentage  afterbitter melon juice (2.68%) and boiled extract (1.89%) diet  were effective than control (8.81%). Bitter melon juice extract may effective in reduced  blood glucose levels than bitter melon boiled extract and control. The research indicate that bitter melon acts recovery body weight and regulating blood glucose level on diabetic rats.

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