scholarly journals Exploring Protein Composition in Stickwater From Tuna by-products Processing as a Preliminary Approach for the Recovery of a Low Molecular Weight Fraction With Potential Algicidal Activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofmara Maria Ponce Moreno ◽  
Maria Elena Lugo-Sanchez ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramírez-Suarez ◽  
Christine Johanna Band-Schmidt ◽  
Jesús Aarón Salazar-Leyva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
By Products

Abstract The use of by-products for fishmeal production is constantly rising. During this process, stickwater is generated, an effluent that contains organic matter in soluble, colloidal or particulate form. It has been shown that stickwater contains an important amount of protein and that its characterization is the first step into achieving its full valorization. Tuna canning by-product´s stickwater was centrifuged and fractionated by ultrafiltration to bring awareness to its protein quality. Stickwater had a net protein content of 61.4%, centrifuged stickwater maintained a similar protein content meanwhile the protein content in ultrafiltered fractions decreased as their molecular weight range decreased as well. Stickwater, centrifuged stickwater and the fraction R10 presented gel-like characteristics that could position this effluent as a potential source of gelatin. The electrophoretic profile of stickwater, centrifuged stickwater and centrifuged solids demonstrated that a high amount of protein in stickwater was soluble. This first glance at protein/peptides from tuna canning by-products is part of the ongoing effort to propose their recovery an alternative and sustainable use of a fish processing effluent with potential application as a source of peptides with algicidal bioactivity against harmful algal blooms (HABs).

scholarly journals Effect of the Algicide Thiazolidinedione 49 on Immune Responses of Bay Scallop Argopecten Irradians

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 3579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi ◽  
Yun ◽  
Giri ◽  
Kim ◽  
Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Bay Scallop ◽  
Immune Related Genes

The thiazolidinedione 49 (TD49) is an effective algaecide against harmful algae; however, its potential effects on the immune function of the edible bay scallop are unclear. Therefore, the present work studied the effects of TD49 on the immune response in bay scallop by evaluating activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels, total protein content, and expression of immune genes (CTL-6, PGRP, PrxV, MT, and Cu/Zn-SOD) at 3–48 h post-exposure (hpe) to TD49. The activities of ACP and ALP significantly increased in TD49-treated groups at 3–24 hpe, whereas NO levels decreased significantly in 0.58 and 0.68 μM of TD49 at 6–24 hpe, after which the level was similar to that in the untreated control. Moreover, SOD activity significantly increased in all three concentration groups at 3–6 hpe, while it decreased at 12 hpe in the 0.68 μM TD49 treatment group. Notably, total protein content increased with TD49 treatment at each time interval. The results revealed that variable effects on the expression of immune-related genes were observed after treatment with TD49. The findings demonstrate that exposure of scallops to TD49 changes immune responses and expression of immune-related genes. We hypothesize that TD49 may disrupt immune system in bay scallop. The current investigation highlights the potential negative effects of using TD49 as an algaecide on marine economic bivalves to control harmful algal blooms in marine environments.

Isolation of 32-35 kDa Thylakoid Proteins from Chlamydomonas reinhardii

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Pucheu ◽  
G. F. Wildner
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Molecular Weight Range ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardii ◽  
Thylakoid Proteins ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

The protein composition of Chlamydomonas reinhardii thylakoids in the molecular weight range of 32-35 kDa was studied. The thylakoids were labelled with 32P-Pi in vivo using Pi-starved cell cultures, solubilized with SDS and separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The following differentiation of proteins could be accomplished: two proteins were phosphorylated, which were also well stained with Coomassie blue, and one major protein was only detected by the silver staining procedure. The mobility of the latter protein is different in gels with urea, showing an apparently lower molecular weight. In order to investigate whether a functional photosystem II is obligatory for protein phosphorylation, the phosphorylation of thylakoid proteins was studied with a photosystem II deficient mutant. The mutant, which had normal photosystem I activity, but lacked photo- system II activity, could synthesize ATP light dependently; its main labelled protein bands had a molecular weight of 32-35 kDa; it contained the light harvesting protein chlorophyll complex and an unknown protein at 22 kDa. The 32P incorporation in photosystem II deficient cells was comparable to cells with functional photosystem II units.

scholarly journals The peptides profile changes in tissues under the condition of experimental obesity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
D. Krenytska ◽  
A. Yurchenko ◽  
N. Lipets ◽  
O. Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Peptide Pool ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Tissue Samples

The problem of obesity in modern world has a leading place along with other pathologies. Contrary to the settled ideas that the reason of obesity is hypodynamia and overeating, leading medical editions claim that investigating pathology has polymorphic origin and are linked to the cascade of various violations in organs and their systems. Recently collected data array on the basis of which participation of tissue-specific peptide pools in maintenance to a homeostasis is being postulated, in particular, their ability to regulate proliferation processes, differentiation and death of cells is established. We have characterized fractions of low-, medium- and high-molecular-weight protein homogenates from liver, kidney, muscle and adipose tissue samples of rats with experimental obesity. Protein fractions were separated by electrophoresis using the Laemmli method in 10 % PAAG with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Spreading between proteins in control and group of rats with obesity has showed a difference in quantity of fractions. We have investigated quantitative and qualitative composition of protein fractions in rat's tissues. Under experimental obesity conditions protein composition of tissues changes, the content of median-molecular fraction (67-35 kDa) and low molecular weight fraction (35-10 kDa) increases. Experimental data may indicate connection breach in protein-protein interactions in these viscuses and predict the formation of non-specific proteins and their fragments in the bloodstream, as a result of increased activity of proteolytic enzymes and destruction of viscuses cells. Future studies in specifics of protein composition changes and peptide pool of rat's tissues will improve understanding the biochemical processes under the conditions of this pathology, which is important in the development of new approaches to diagnosis and treatment of obesity principles

scholarly journals Gluten Protein Compositional Changes in Response to Nitrogen Application Rate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
Gordana Šimić ◽  
Krešimir Dvojković ◽  
Marko Ivić ◽  
Ivana Plavšin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Glutenin Subunits ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrogen level on wheat protein content and composition in 16 cultivars over two years at three locations. The nitrogen treatment comprised two nitrogen levels, 0 kg ha−1 as low and 100 kg ha−1 as high nitrogen, applied as top dressings of 50 kg nitrogen per ha at tillering and stem extension growth stages. Increased nitrogen level generally enhanced grain protein by 11.3% (11.5% vs. 12.8%). Considering protein composition determined by reversed phase–high-pressure liquid chromatography, higher nitrogen supply generally enhanced the proportion of total gliadins, α-gliadins, γ-gliadins and high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits by 1.1%, 2.0%, 3.7%, 0.6% and 0.9%, respectively, and reduced albumins and globulins, ω-gliadins, total glutenins and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits by 1.1%, 1.7%, 1.9% and 3.2%. Under a high nitrogen level, the historical cultivars Libellula, San Pastore and U-1 had a higher protein content (13.1–15.2%) with significantly higher total gliadins, which resulted in a significantly higher gliadin/glutenin ratio (1.68–1.92). In the modern cultivars, protein content varied between 11.4% and 14.6% with a well-balanced gliadin/glutenin ratio (1.08–1.50), except for cultivar MV Nemere which had a high gliadin/glutenin ratio at both nitrogen levels (1.81 vs. 1.87). In summary, increasing nitrogen level enhanced grain protein content while the composition of gliadin and glutenin fractions was changed to a lesser extent and was largely cultivar specific and therefore should be considered for wheat baking quality assessment and breeding purposes.

Protein Hydrolysate from Brewer’s Spent Grain and its Inhibitory Ability of α-Glucosidase

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Jia Lin ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Ying Juan Tian ◽  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Spent Grain ◽  
By Products

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) rich in proteins is the main by-products in brewery. BSC proteins were extracted and hydrolyzed by Alcalase. The effects of hydrolysis time, temperature, pH and amount of enzyme added on the peptide yield were investigated. Inhibition of BSG protein hydrolysate against α-glucosidase was evaluated in vitro. BSG protein hydrolysate at 4.0 mg/mL showed the inhibition of 21.42% against α-glucosidase. The BSG protein hydrolysate after ultrafiltration purification exhibited much higher inhibition than that without ultrafiltration purification. The inhibition of BSC protein hydrolysate fraction with molecular weight fraction less than 5 kDa was 56.41%.

scholarly journals Inhibition of tobacco mosaic virus infection by plant extracts

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 1473-1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Apablaza ◽  
C. C. Bernier
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Molecular Weight Range

Leaf extracts of pepper, geranium, and jimsonweed inhibited the development of local lesions induced by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) on Pinto bean leaves when mixed with the inoculum; sprayed on the underside of the leaf before inoculation of the upper surface; or sprayed on the upper leaf surface after inoculation. The extracts also inhibited lesion development on the primary leaf opposite to the one on which they were applied. The inhibitory activity of the geranium and pepper extracts was separated into two fractions; one with a molecular weight greater than 50 000 and one with a molecular weight range of 1000–50 000. The inhibitory activity of the jimsonweed extract was present in the high molecular weight fraction only. The high molecular weight fraction from pepper was inhibitory when applied to the underside of the leaf. This evidence, and that supplied by the jimsonweed extract, indicates that high molecular weight fractions are capable of inducing a systemic resistance even when applied to uninjured tissue.

Studies on the Functionality of Newly Synthesized Fibrinogen after Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction with Streptokinase, Increase in the Rate of Fibrinopeptide Release

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 0978-0983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelmiro Regano ◽  
Virtudes Vila ◽  
Justo Aznar ◽  
Victoria Lacueva ◽  
Vicenta Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Steady State ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A

SummaryIn 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction who received 1,500,000 U of streptokinase, the gradual appearance of newly synthesized fibrinogen and the fibrinopeptide release during the first 35 h after SK treatment were evaluated. At 5 h the fibrinogen circulating in plasma was observed as the high molecular weight fraction (HMW-Fg). The concentration of HMW-Fg increased continuously, and at 20 h reached values higher than those obtained from normal plasma. HMW-Fg represented about 95% of the total fibrinogen during the first 35 h. The degree of phosphorylation of patient fibrinogen increased from 30% before treatment to 65% during the first 5 h, and then slowly declined to 50% at 35 h.The early rates of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and phosphorylated fibrinopeptide A (FPAp) release are higher in patient fibrinogen than in isolated normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen after thrombin addition. The early rate of fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release is the same for the three fibrinogen groups. However, the late rate of FPB release is higher in patient fibrinogen than in normal HMW-Fg and normal fibrinogen. Therefore, the newly synthesized fibrinogen clots faster than fibrinogen in the normal steady state.In two of the 15 patients who had occluded coronary arteries after SK treatment the HMW-Fg and FPAp levels increased as compared with the 13 patients who had patent coronary arteries.These results provide some support for the idea that an increased synthesis of fibrinogen in circulation may result in a procoagulant tendency. If this is so, the HMW-Fg and FPAp content may serve as a risk index for thrombosis.

In Vivo Studies on the Inhibition of Coagulation by Fractionated Heparin and by a Heparin Analogue I. Effects of Heparin Fractions

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (03) ◽  
pp. 612-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
U Schmitz-Huebner ◽  
L Balleisen ◽  
F Asbeck ◽  
J van de Loo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
Platelet Factor ◽  
Heparin Fractions

SummaryHigh and low molecular weight heparin fractions obtained by gel filtration chromatography of sodium mucosal heparin were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers and compared with the unfractionated substance in a cross-over trial. Equal doses of 5,000 U were administered twice daily over a period of three days and heparin activity was repeatedly controlled before and 2, 4, 8 hrs after injection by means of the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and a chromogenic substrate assay. In addition, the in vivo effect of subcutaneously administered fractionated heparin on platelet function was examined on three of the volunteers. The results show that s.c. injections of the low molecular weight fraction induced markedly higher anti-Xa activity than injections of the other preparations. At the same time, APTT results did not significantly differ. Unfractionated heparin and the high molecular weight fraction enhanced ADP-induced platelet aggregation and collagen-mediated MDA production, while the low molecular weight fraction hardly affected these assays, but potently inhibited thrombin-induced MDA production. All heparin preparations stimulated the release of platelet Factor 4 in plasma. During the three-day treatment periods, no side-effects and no significant changes in the response to heparin injections were detected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document