Analysis of Correlation Between Coronary Tortuosity and Calcification Score

Abstract Background: Coronary artery tortuosity (CAT) is regarded as a variation of vascular anatomy, and its relationship with coronary artery calcification (CAC) score is still not well clarified. Studying the correlation between coronary artery calcification scores and CAT to determine specific prevention and intervention populations seems to have more meaningful.Methods: The study is a cross-sectional retrospective study, including 1280 patients with tortuous coronary artery. CAT is defined as the presence of at least three consecutive curvatures of more than 45°measured during systole or diastole of a major epicardial coronary artery. Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust the clinical parameters directly affecting CAT.Results: Of these individuals, 445 (35%) were evaluated having CAT, of which females are higher than males (59.1% vs. 40.9%). Moderate CAC score (101-400) (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 1.05-2.10, P=0.025) revealed significantly associated with CAT on univariable analysis. However, multivariable analysis after adjusting for confounding factors only indicated that CAT was positively correlated with female (OR 1.60, 95%CI 1.22-2.10, P=0.001), hypertension (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.03-1.74, P=0.028), and age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, P=0.001), while was negatively associated with body mass index (BMI) > 28 (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.70, P<0.0001). Further analysis stratified by gender showed that compared with non-CAT, CAT was significantly linked with moderate CAC score (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.00-3.20, P=0.048), hypertension (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.07-2.22, P=0.021), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.07-3.24, P=0.028), while was negatively related to BMI > 28 (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.31-0.84, P<0.008) in female patients.Conclusions: CAT is more likely to be found in females, connected with hypertension, age, and BMI. No significant correlation is found between the presence of tortuosity and calcium score or diameter stenosis on multivariable analysis. Whereas the CAT is associated with moderate CAC score in correlation analysis when women are selected as the main group.

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Correlation between Osteoprotegerin Serum Level and Coronary Calcification Using Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patient with Moderate–Severe Cardiovascular Risk Factor

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1607050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (04) ◽

pp. 234-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Widorini Widorini ◽

J. Nugroho

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Level ◽

Coronary Artery Calcium ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Coronary Calcification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean

AbstractCoronary artery calcification is a part of atherosclerosis process associated with coronary heart disease. Recently, coronary artery calcification assessment using computed tomography (CT) is still the best noninvasive imaging with high sensitivity and specificity. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is one of vascular calcification marker that through its role to bind receptor activator of nuclear factor-κβ ligand and inhibit osteoclastogenesis is suspected of playing a role for coronary calcification in atherosclerosis process. The objective of this study was to prove a positive correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in patient with moderate–severe cardiovascular (CV) risk factor. This is a cross-sectional study with purposive sampling technique. Thirty-three subjects participate in this research and each subject underwent a multislice computed tomography (MSCT) examination to assess coronary calcification and their blood samples were collected for OPG measurement. This study is analyzed with Spearman's correlation test. The mean of OPG serum level in this study was 5.89 ± 2.1 pmol/L for moderate-risk Framingham risk score (FRS) and the mean of OPG serum level for high-risk FRS was 7.27 ± 3.4. There was a positive, moderate, and significant correlation between OPG serum level and coronary calcification using CAC score in patient with moderate–severe CV risk factor (r = 0.694; p < 0.001).

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Correlativity between osteocalcin and coronary artery calcification in middle-aged and elderly population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29979/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Na Li ◽

Zhimian Zhang

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Physical Examination ◽

Elderly People ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Smoking History ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Calcification Score ◽

Drinking History

Abstract Background and Objective: With the increase of aging, osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation between osteocalcin and coronary calcification.Methods: A total of 150 middle-aged and elderly physical examination subjects who had undergone coronary artery CT angiography (CTA) were selected as the research objects. The calcification score of the coronary artery was calculated according to the Agatston (AS) integral method, and the total score was divided into the coronary artery calcification group and the non-calcification group. The indexes of N-terminal midfragment of osteocalcin (N-MID), routine biochemical indexes and basic conditions of each patient were recorded.Results: In the comparison of general data between the non-calcification group and the calcification group, the differences in age(P＜0.001), pressure difference (P = 0.01)and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)(P＜0.001)were statistically significant, the differences in smoking history (P＜0.001)and drinking history (P＜0.001)were statistically significant, and the differences in N-MID (P＜0.001)were statistically significant. Coronary artery calcification score (CACS) was correlated with age, pressure difference, LDL-C, N-MID, smoking history and drinking history. The four variables, age, LDL, N-MID, and smoking history, have certain effects on coronary artery calcification (CAC).Conclusions: In middle-aged and elderly people undergoing physical examination, N-MID is correlated with CAC and can be used as a predictive indicator.

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Abstract P317: Serum Soy Isoflavones Are Inversely Associated With Coronary Artery Calcification In A Population-based Sample Of 299 Men In Japan

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.129.suppl_1.p317 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Akira Sekikawa ◽

Katsuyuki Miura ◽

Abhishek Vishnu ◽

Akira Fujiyoshi ◽

Rhobert W Evans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Population Based ◽

Soy Isoflavones ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional

Objectives: Epidemiological studies in Asia where consumption of soy isoflavones (ISF) are regular and high implicated that isoflavones are protective against coronary heart disease (CHD), especially in post-menopausal women. There is a lack of data on the association of isoflavones with atherosclerosis, especially in men. We aim to determine a cross sectional association of serum ISF with coronary artery calcification (CAC) in men in Japan. Methods: A population-based sample of 299 men aged 40-49 years in Japan was examined for CAC and other risk factors in 2002-06. Electron-beam CT was used to evaluate CAC. Stored serum samples were analyzed for ISF (genistein and daidzein). We defined serum ISFs as the sum of genistein and daidzein. Presence of CAC was defined as coronary calcium score ≥ 10. Because the distribution of serum ISF is skewed, we evaluated quartile of serum ISF and analyzed the association of ISF with the presence of CAC using a general linear model. Findings: The median value (interquartile range) of ISF was 517 (195, 1,147) nM/l. Serum ISF had a significant inverse association with CAC in crude analysis. After adjusting for age, LDL-C, smoking, and BMI, each of which had a significant univariate association with CAC, the inverse association of ISF with CAC remained, with littel change in point estimates. After further adjusting for other risk factors as well as serum levels of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, the inverse association remained. Conclusions: Serum levels of ISF in Japanese men in Japan had an inverse association of CAC, suggesting that ISF at the levels Japanese in Japan regularly consume have anti-atherogenic properties in men.

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Relationship between Cardiovascular Calcium and Atrial Fibrillation

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm11020371 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 371

Author(s):

Sung Ho Lee ◽

Mi Yeon Lee ◽

Seung Yong Shin ◽

Wang-Soo Lee ◽

Sang-Wook Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Examination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Artery Disease

Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) is associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the relationship between the burden of CACS and extra-coronary calcium and the AF is unclear. This cross-sectional study retrospectively analyzed the data of 143,529 participants (74.9% men; mean age, 41.7 ± 8.6 years) who underwent health examination including non-contrast cardiac CT and electrocardiography, from 2010 to 2018 to evaluate the association between cardiac calcium and AF. AF was diagnosed in 679 participants. The prevalence of AF was significantly increased as the CACS increased (p < 0.01). Multivariable analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, alcohol, and history of coronary artery disease showed a significant association between a high CACS ≥1000 and AF (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.07–4.77, p = 0.032). In a subgroup analysis of participants with a CACS ≥100, aortic valve and thoracic aorta calcium were significantly associated with AF (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.57–7.77, p = 0.002 and OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.14–4.21, p = 0.01, respectively). High CACS was associated with AF, and extra-coronary atherosclerosis was associated with AF in participants with a moderate to very high CACS.

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Atherosclerosis Burden in Patients with Acute Chest Pain: Obesity Paradox

ISRN Obesity ◽

10.1155/2014/634717 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Kongkiat Chaikriangkrai ◽

Mahwash Kassi ◽

Sayf Khaleel bala ◽

Faisal Nabi ◽

Su Min Chang

Keyword(s):

Chest Pain ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Cardiac Ct ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Acute Chest Pain ◽

Coronary Calcification ◽

Obesity Paradox ◽

Asymptomatic Subjects

Obesity paradox has been described in various populations of coronary artery disease, mainly asymptomatic subjects. However, relationship between obesity and coronary artery calcification detected by cardiac CT in symptomatic patients has rarely been demonstrated. This study seeks to investigate whether the paradoxical relationship between obesity and coronary artery calcification exists in patients with acute chest pain. A final cohort of 1030 chest pain patients presenting at our emergency department who underwent coronary evaluation by multidetector cardiac CT were examined. With absent-to-mild coronary calcification (CAC score < 100) as a referent, multivariable analysis showed that presence of obesity (OR 0.564; 95% CI 0.395, 0.806; P 0.002), body mass index (OR 0.945; 95% CI 0.920, 0.971; P<0.001), body weight (OR 0.987; 95% CI 0.979, 0.995; P 0.001), and body surface area (OR 0.582; 95% CI 0.369, 0.920; P 0.020) were inversely associated with moderate-to-severe coronary calcification (CAC score ≥ 100). This study extends the concept of obesity paradox to symptomatic patients undergoing coronary artery calcium score assessment. However, biological explanation(s) of this paradox remains unanswered.

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Predictive Value of Osteoprotegerin for Detecting Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Correlation with Extent of Calcification Detected by Multidetector Computed Tomography

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530319666190211122858 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 845-851 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sahar Ahmed ◽

Rasha Sobh

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification Score ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Calcification Score ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background:Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family member. It specifically acts on bone by increasing bone mineral density and bone volume. Recent studies have evidenced its close relation to the development of atherosclerosis and plaque destabilization. Elevated OPG level has also been associated with the degree of coronary calcification in the general population and it has been considered to be a marker of coronary atherosclerosis.Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the relation between OPG levels and Coronary Artery Calcification score (CACs) in Type 2 diabetic patients in comparison to healthy controls.Methods:Our study included 45 type 2 diabetic patients (mean age 51.7 years; 51.1% male) without evidence of previous CVD and 45 healthy age and sex matched subjects as control. All participants were subjected to full history, full examination and lab investigations. Serum OPG concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and CAC imaging was performed using non contrast Multi detector CT of the heart.Results:Significant CAC (<10 Agatston units) was seen in 23 patients (51.11 %).:OPG was significantly high in diabetic patients in comparison to controls with mean 12.9±5.7 pmol/l in cases, and 8.6±0.5 pmol/l in controls (P value < 0.001).:The Coronary Artery Calcification Score (CACS) was positively correlated with age and duration of diabetes. The OPG was positively correlated with age, fasting blood sugar and duration of diabetes. The CACS showed a significantly positive correlation with OPG.Conclusion:Findings suggested that increasing in serum OPG was consistent with CAC and could be used for the early diagnosis of subclinical atherosclerosis.

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Association between the Severity of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Risk of Coronary Artery Calcification

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57080807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 807

Author(s):

Chien-Chih Chen ◽

Wei-Chien Hsu ◽

Han-Ming Wu ◽

Jiun-Yi Wang ◽

Pei-Yu Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Multidetector Computed Tomography ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Calcium Score ◽

Left Main

Background and Objectives: There are limited data on the association between severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery calcification. This study investigated sonographic diagnosed NAFLD and coronary artery calcium score (CAC) as detected by cardiac multidetector computed tomography in general populations. Materials and Methods: A total of 545 patients were enrolled in this study. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography examination and CAC score were evaluated by cardiac multidetector computed tomography. The association between NAFLD and artery calcium score stage was determined by logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Results: Of all the participants, 437 (80.2%) had ultrasonography-diagnosed NAFLD and 242 (44%) had coronary artery calcification (CAC > 0). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of developing coronary artery calcification was 1.36-fold greater in the patients with different severity of NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07–1.77, p = 0.016). The highest OR for separate coronary artery calcification was 1.98 (OR = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.37–2.87, p < 0.001) in the left main artery, and the risk was still 1.71-fold greater after adjustments (OR = 1.71, 95% CI = 1.16–2.54, p = 0.007). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study demonstrated that the severity of NAFLD was associated with the presence of significant coronary artery calcification, especially in the left main coronary artery, suggesting increasing the cardiovascular risk.

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Sport specific incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification among amateur athletes: a follow-up of the Measuring Athletes Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.3118 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

V Aengevaeren ◽

A Mosterd ◽

T.L Braber ◽

H.M Nathoe ◽

T.M.H Eijsvogels ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery ◽

Coronary Artery Calcification ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Coronary Atherosclerosis ◽

Sport Performance ◽

Funding Source ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Amateur Athletes ◽

Entire Cohort

Abstract Background Emerging evidence indicates increased coronary atherosclerosis in amateur athletes. However, previous studies were limited by its cross-sectional design and limited sample size, preventing the exploration of sport specific associations with coronary atherosclerosis. Purpose We aimed to compare the incidence and progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) between runners, cyclists and other types of athletes using a prospective cohort study with repetitive measurements. Methods Asymptomatic middle-aged men, who previously underwent a sports medical evaluation without abnormalities, were recruited in the Measuring Athlete's Risk of Cardiovascular events (MARC) study (n=318) and were asked to participate in this follow-up study. CT imaging was performed to assess CAC scores. Data was collected between 2012–2014 (i.e. baseline) and 2019–2020 (i.e. follow-up). We categorized participants as runners, cyclists or “other” sports (e.g. water polo, tennis, hockey, etc.) based on their dominant sport performance at baseline. Results We included 260 men in this interim analysis, with an average follow-up time of 6.3±0.5 years. Age (61.4±6.4 years), systolic blood pressure (143±20 mmHg), BMI (25.2±2.8 kg/m2), LDL-cholesterol (3.2±0.9 mmol/L), smoking (0.3 [0–8] pack years) and family history of coronary heart disease (28%) did not differ between runners (n=64), cyclists (n=75) and other athletes (n=121, all p>0.05). CAC was present in 137 (53%) men at baseline, which increased to 181 (70%) at follow-up. CAC scores increased from 1 [0–33] to 33 [0–129]. Cyclists had a lower CAC prevalence and CAC scores compared to individuals performing other sports at follow-up (Figure 1). Of those without CAC at baseline (n=123, 47%), cyclists less often developed CAC during follow-up compared with runners (adjusted OR=0.36 [0.17–0.79], p=0.01). In the entire cohort, CAC progression (ln delta CAC+1) was less prominent in cyclists than runners (adjusted B=−0.75 [−1.39 to −0.11], p=0.02), whereas progression of CAC in participants performing other sports did not differ from the runners. In participants with CAC at baseline, cyclists also had less CAC progression than runners (B=−0.49 [−0.95 to −0.02], p=0.04). Conclusion Cyclists have a lower incidence and less progression of CAC during 6 years of follow-up compared with runners and individuals performing other sports. Figure 1. Sport specific CAC prevalence and scores Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Hartstichting

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