scholarly journals Bacterial Microbiota Analysis Demonstrates That Tick Can Acquire Bacteria From Habitat and Host Blood Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Si Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xue-Jiao Zhou ◽  
Kai-Li Chen ◽  
Abolfazl Masoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Host Blood ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Exploring the bacterial microbiota is imperative to tick control since it has an important role in tick physiology and vector capacity. The life cycle of ticks consists of parasitic and non-parasitic stages, with a diversity of habitats and host blood meals. Whether and how these factors, such as tick developmental stages, tick organs, habitats and host blood meals affect tick bacterial microbiota is poorly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial microbiotas of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, their blood meals and habitats using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The bacterial richness and diversity in ticks varied depending on the tick developmental stage, feeding status and the tick organs. Results showed that fed ticks present a higher bacterial richness suggesting that ticks may acquire bacteria from blood meals. The significant overlap of the bacteriota of fed ticks and the host blood also support this possibility. Another possibility is that blood meals can stimulate the proliferation of certain bacteria. However, most shared bacteria cannot transmit throughout the tick life cycle, as they were not present in tick eggs. The most shared bacteria between ticks and habitats are genus of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacer and Stenotrophomonas, some of them are also present in tick organ, suggesting that these environmental bacteria cannot be completely washed away and can be acquired by ticks. As tick reproductive organ, ovary showed the lowest bacterial richness and diversity compared to other organs. The predominant proportion of Coxiella in fed females and ovary further demonstrated that this genus is required for H. longicornis reproduction system. These findings further reveal that the bacterial composition of ticks is influenced by a variety of factors and will help in subsequent studies of the function of these bacteria.

scholarly journals Developmental Proteomics Reveals the Dynamic Expression Profile of Global Proteins of Haemaphysalis Longicornis (Parthenogenesis)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenge Liu ◽  
Jin Luo ◽  
Qiaoyun Ren ◽  
Qilin Wang ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Absolute Quantification ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Background: Ticks are important parasites that cause more diseases than most other animal parasites. Haemaphysalis longicornis is used as an experimental animal model for the study of three-host ticks due to its special life cycle and easy maintenance in the laboratory and in its reproduction. The life cycle of H. longicornis goes through a tightly regulated life cycle to adapt to the changing host and environment, and these stages of transition are also accompanied by proteome changes in the body. Methods: In this study, the aim was to use the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique to systematically describe and analyze the dynamic expression of protein and the molecular basis of the proteome of H. longicornis in seven differential developmental stages (eggs, unfed larvae, fed larvae, unfed nymphs, fed nymphs unfed adults, and fed adults). Results: A total of 2,059 proteins were identified, and their expression profiles were classified at different developmental stages. In addition, it was found that tissue and organ development-related proteins and metabolism-related proteins showed that they were involved in different physiological processes throughout the life cycle through the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). More importantly, we found that the upregulated proteins of fed adult ticks were mainly related to yolk absorption, degradation, and ovarian development-related proteins. The abundance of the cuticle proteins in the unfed stages were significantly higher compared with those of the fed ticks in the previous stages. Conclusions: In short, the protein spectrum changes identified in this study provide a reference proteome for future studies of tick functional proteins and provide candidate targets for elucidating tick development and developing new tick control strategies.

The use of a recombinant baculovirus expressing a chitinase from the hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis and its potential application as a bioacaricide for tick control

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Severine P. Assenga ◽  
Myungjo You ◽  
Chee Huey Shy ◽  
Junya Yamagishi ◽  
Takeshi Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Recombinant Baculovirus ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis

scholarly journals Gut Bacterial Diversity in Different Life Cycle Stages of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xue ◽  
Xiangzhen Zhu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Kaixin Zhang ◽  
Dongyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Major Pest

Bacteria and insects have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Bacteria participate in several physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolism, and detoxification of the host. Adelphocoris suturalis is considered a pest by the agricultural industry and is now a major pest in cotton, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. As with many insects, various microbes live inside A. suturalis. However, the microbial composition and diversity of its life cycle have not been well-studied. To identify the species and community structure of symbiotic bacteria in A. suturalis, we used the HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region in the 16S rRNA of symbiotic bacteria found in A. suturalis throughout its life stages. Our results demonstrated that younger nymphs (1st and 2nd instar nymphs) have higher species richness. Proteobacteria (87.06%) and Firmicutes (9.43%) were the dominant phyla of A. suturalis. At the genus level, Erwinia (28.98%), Staphylococcus (5.69%), and Acinetobacter (4.54%) were the dominant bacteria. We found that the relative abundance of Erwinia was very stable during the whole developmental stage. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium showed significant dynamic changes at different developmental stages. Functional prediction of symbiotic bacteria mainly focuses on metabolic pathways. Our findings document symbiotic bacteria across the life cycle of A. suturalis, as well as differences in both the composition and richness in nymph and adult symbiotic bacteria. Our analysis of the bacteria in A. suturalis provides important information for the development of novel biological control strategies.

scholarly journals The Succession of the Gut Microbiota in Insects: A Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota During the Whole Life Cycle of Honey Bees (Apis cerana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xiang Dong ◽  
Yi-Fei Chen ◽  
Huan-Yuan Li ◽  
Qi-He Tang ◽  
Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Asian Honey Bee ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The Asian honey bee Apis cerana is a valuable biological resource insect that plays an important role in the ecological environment and agricultural economy. The composition of the gut microbiota has a great influence on the health and development of the host. However, studies on the insect gut microbiota are rarely reported, especially studies on the dynamic succession of the insect gut microbiota. Therefore, this study used high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the gut microbiota of A. cerana at different developmental stages (0 days post emergence (0 dpe), 1 dpe, 3 dpe, 7 dpe, 12 dpe, 19 dpe, 25 dpe, 30 dpe, and 35 dpe). The results of this study indicated that the diversity of the gut microbiota varied significantly at different developmental stages (ACE, P = 0.045; Chao1, P = 0.031; Shannon, P = 0.0019; Simpson, P = 0.041). In addition, at the phylum and genus taxonomic levels, the dominant constituents in the gut microbiota changed significantly at different developmental stages. Our results also suggest that environmental exposure in the early stages of development has the greatest impact on the gut microbiota. The results of this study reveal the general rule of gut microbiota succession in the A. cerana life cycle. This study not only deepens our understanding of the colonization pattern of the gut microbiota in workers but also provides more comprehensive information for exploring the colonization of the gut microbiota in insects and other animals.

Longistatin, a novel EF-hand protein from the ixodid tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, is required for acquisition of host blood-meals

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 721-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anisuzzaman ◽  
M. Khyrul Islam ◽  
Takeharu Miyoshi ◽  
M. Abdul Alim ◽  
Takeshi Hatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Host Blood ◽  
Blood Meals

scholarly journals Exploring the Individual Bacterial Microbiota of Questing Ixodes ricinus Nymphs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Aurélien Alafaci ◽  
Alexandre Crépin ◽  
Sabine Beaubert ◽  
Jean-Marc Berjeaud ◽  
Vincent Delafont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
16S Gene ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Co Detection ◽  
The Individual

Ixodes ricinus is the most common hard tick species in Europe and an important vector of pathogens of human and animal health concerns. The rise of high-throughput sequencing has facilitated the identification of many tick-borne pathogens and, more globally, of various microbiota members depending on the scale of concern. In this study, we aimed to assess the bacterial diversity of individual I. ricinus questing nymphs collected in France using high-throughput 16S gene metabarcoding. From 180 dragging-collected nymphs, we identified more than 700 bacterial genera, of which about 20 are abundantly represented (>1% of total reads). Together with 136 other genera assigned, they constitute a core internal microbiota in this study. We also identified 20 individuals carrying Borreliella. The most abundant species is B. afzelii, known to be one of the bacteria responsible for Lyme disease in Europe. Co-detection of up to four Borreliella genospecies within the same individual has also been retrieved. The detection and co-detection rate of Borreliella in I. ricinus nymphs is high and raises the question of interactions between these bacteria and the communities constituting the internal microbiota.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Processes during Early Development of Dictyostelium discoideum: From Bioenergetic to Proteomic Studies

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 638
Author(s):  
Monika Mazur ◽  
Daria Wojciechowska ◽  
Ewa Sitkiewicz ◽  
Agata Malinowska ◽  
Bianka Świderska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Coupling Efficiency ◽  
Slime Mold ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Early Developmental Stages ◽  
Proteomic Study ◽  
And Function ◽  
Early Developmental

The slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum’s life cycle includes different unicellular and multicellular stages that provide a convenient model for research concerning intracellular and intercellular mechanisms influencing mitochondria’s structure and function. We aim to determine the differences between the mitochondria isolated from the slime mold regarding its early developmental stages induced by starvation, namely the unicellular (U), aggregation (A) and streams (S) stages, at the bioenergetic and proteome levels. We measured the oxygen consumption of intact cells using the Clarke electrode and observed a distinct decrease in mitochondrial coupling capacity for stage S cells and a decrease in mitochondrial coupling efficiency for stage A and S cells. We also found changes in spare respiratory capacity. We performed a wide comparative proteomic study. During the transition from the unicellular stage to the multicellular stage, important proteomic differences occurred in stages A and S relating to the proteins of the main mitochondrial functional groups, showing characteristic tendencies that could be associated with their ongoing adaptation to starvation following cell reprogramming during the switch to gluconeogenesis. We suggest that the main mitochondrial processes are downregulated during the early developmental stages, although this needs to be verified by extending analogous studies to the next slime mold life cycle stages.

scholarly journals The Fecal Bacterial Microbiota in Horses with Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 745
Author(s):  
Michelle Martin de Bustamante ◽  
Diego Gomez ◽  
Jennifer MacNicol ◽  
Ralph Hamor ◽  
Caryn Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Equine Recurrent Uveitis

The objective of this study was to describe and compare the fecal bacterial microbiota of horses with equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) and healthy horses using next-generation sequencing techniques. Fecal samples were collected from 15 client-owned horses previously diagnosed with ERU on complete ophthalmic examination. For each fecal sample obtained from a horse with ERU, a sample was collected from an environmentally matched healthy control with no evidence of ocular disease. The Illumina MiSeq sequencer was used for high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance of predominant taxa, and alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated and compared between groups. The phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Proteobacteria predominated in both ERU and control horses, accounting for greater than 60% of sequences. Based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe), no taxa were found to be enriched in either group. No significant differences were observed in alpha and beta diversity indices between groups (p > 0.05 for all tests). Equine recurrent uveitis is not associated with alteration of the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota when compared with healthy controls.

The developmental stages of Neobrachiella robusta (Wilson, 1912), a parasitic copepod of Sebastes (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1331-1336
Author(s):  
Z. Kabata
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Parasitic Copepod ◽  
Gill Arch ◽  
Gill Rakers ◽  
Copepodid Stage

The morphology of the developmental stages of Neobrachiella robusta (Wilson, 1912) (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) is described. The copepod is parasitic on the gill rakers of Sebastes alutus (Gilbert, 1890) (Teleostei: Scorpaeniformes). The life cycle of this copepod consists of a copepodid stage, followed by four chalimus stages and a relatively long preadult stage, which undergoes extensive metamorphosis. The copepods aggregate on the outer row of long gill rakers of the first gill arch, as many as 97% of them being attached to these rakers. Some of the rakers become distorted, but a connection between the presence of N. robusta and these abnormalities could not be established.

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