scholarly journals The Succession of the Gut Microbiota in Insects: A Dynamic Alteration of the Gut Microbiota During the Whole Life Cycle of Honey Bees (Apis cerana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Xiang Dong ◽  
Yi-Fei Chen ◽  
Huan-Yuan Li ◽  
Qi-He Tang ◽  
Jun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Asian Honey Bee ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

The Asian honey bee Apis cerana is a valuable biological resource insect that plays an important role in the ecological environment and agricultural economy. The composition of the gut microbiota has a great influence on the health and development of the host. However, studies on the insect gut microbiota are rarely reported, especially studies on the dynamic succession of the insect gut microbiota. Therefore, this study used high-throughput sequencing technology to sequence the gut microbiota of A. cerana at different developmental stages (0 days post emergence (0 dpe), 1 dpe, 3 dpe, 7 dpe, 12 dpe, 19 dpe, 25 dpe, 30 dpe, and 35 dpe). The results of this study indicated that the diversity of the gut microbiota varied significantly at different developmental stages (ACE, P = 0.045; Chao1, P = 0.031; Shannon, P = 0.0019; Simpson, P = 0.041). In addition, at the phylum and genus taxonomic levels, the dominant constituents in the gut microbiota changed significantly at different developmental stages. Our results also suggest that environmental exposure in the early stages of development has the greatest impact on the gut microbiota. The results of this study reveal the general rule of gut microbiota succession in the A. cerana life cycle. This study not only deepens our understanding of the colonization pattern of the gut microbiota in workers but also provides more comprehensive information for exploring the colonization of the gut microbiota in insects and other animals.

scholarly journals Structure and Dynamics of the Gut Bacterial Community Across the Developmental Stages of the Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernan Santiago Mejía-Alvarado ◽  
Thaura Ghneim-Herrera ◽  
Carmenza E. Góngora ◽  
Pablo Benavides ◽  
Lucio Navarro-Escalante
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Insect Control ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Hypothenemus Hampei ◽  
Coffee Berry ◽  
Structure And Dynamics

The coffee berry borer (CBB); Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is widely recognized as the major insect pest of coffee crops. Like many other arthropods, CBB harbors numerous bacteria species that may have important physiological roles in host nutrition, detoxification, immunity and protection. To date, the structure and dynamics of the gut-associated bacterial community across the CBB life cycle is not yet well understood. A better understanding of the complex relationship between CBB and its bacterial companions may provide new opportunities for insect control. In the current investigation, we analyzed the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota across the CBB developmental stages under field conditions by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Overall, 15 bacterial phyla, 38 classes, 61 orders, 101 families and 177 genera were identified across all life stages, including egg, larva 1, larva 2, pupa, and adults (female and male). Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla dominated the microbiota along the entire insect life cycle. Among the 177 genera, the 10 most abundant were members of Ochrobactrum (15.1%), Pantoea (6.6%), Erwinia (5.7%), Lactobacillus (4.3%), Acinetobacter (3.4%), Stenotrophomonas (3.1%), Akkermansia (3.0%), Agrobacterium (2.9%), Curtobacterium (2.7%), and Clostridium (2.7%). We found that the overall bacterial composition is diverse, variable within each life stage and appears to vary across development. About 20% of the identified OTUs were shared across all life stages, from which 28 OTUs were consistently found in all life stage replicates. Among these OTUs there are members of genera Pantoea, Erwinia, Agrobacterium, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Brachybacterium, Sphingomonas and Methylobacterium, which can be considered as the gut-associated core microbiota of H. hampei. Our findings bring additional data to enrich the understanding of gut microbiota in CBB and its possible use for development of insect control strategies.

scholarly journals Influence of food and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of Apis cerana workers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao K. Huang ◽  
Kun T. Ye ◽  
Wei F. Huang ◽  
Bi H. Ying ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Lower Abundance

AbstractBackgroundGut microbiota plays an essential role in bee’s health. To elucidate the effect of food and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of honeybee Apis cerana, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the gut microbiota of honeybee workers fed with sugar water or beebread and inoculated with or without N. ceranae.ResultsThe gut microbiota of A. cerana is dominated by Serratia, Snodgrassella, and Lactobacillus genera. The overall gut microbiota diversity was significantly differential by food type. The N. ceranae infection significantly affects the gut microbiota only at bees fed with sugar water. Higher abundance of Lactobacillus, Gluconacetobacter and Snodgrassella and lower abundance of Serratia were found in bees fed with beebread than with sugar water. N. ceranae infection led to higher abundance of Snodgrassella and lower abundance of Serratia in sugar-fed bees. Imputed bacterial KEGG pathways showed the significant metagenomics functional differences by feeding and N. ceranae infections. Furthermore, A. cerana workers fed with sugar water showed lower N. ceranae spore loads but higher mortality than those fed with beebread. The cumulative mortality was strongly positive correlated (rho=0.61) with the changes of overall microbiota dissimilarities by N. ceranae infection.ConclusionsBoth food and N. ceranae infection significantly affect the gut microbiota in A. cerana workers. Beebread feeding not only provide better nutrition but also help establish a more stabled gut microbiota therefore protect bee in response to N. ceranae infection.Abstract ImportanceGut microbiota plays an essential role in bee’s health. Scientific evidence suggests the diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the gut health, however the interplay between those two factors and bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota by both food intake and the Nosema ceranae infection. Our result showed that the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Asia Honeybee was significantly associated with both food intake and the N. ceranae infection. More interestingly, bees fed with beebread showed higher microbiota stability and less mortality than those fed with sugar water when infected by N. ceranae. Those data suggest the potential role of beebread, not only providing better nutrition but also helping establish a more stabled gut microbiota to protect bee against N. ceranae infection.

scholarly journals Gut Bacterial Diversity in Different Life Cycle Stages of Adelphocoris suturalis (Hemiptera: Miridae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Xue ◽  
Xiangzhen Zhu ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Kaixin Zhang ◽  
Dongyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Major Pest

Bacteria and insects have a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Bacteria participate in several physiological processes such as reproduction, metabolism, and detoxification of the host. Adelphocoris suturalis is considered a pest by the agricultural industry and is now a major pest in cotton, posing a serious threat to agricultural production. As with many insects, various microbes live inside A. suturalis. However, the microbial composition and diversity of its life cycle have not been well-studied. To identify the species and community structure of symbiotic bacteria in A. suturalis, we used the HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region in the 16S rRNA of symbiotic bacteria found in A. suturalis throughout its life stages. Our results demonstrated that younger nymphs (1st and 2nd instar nymphs) have higher species richness. Proteobacteria (87.06%) and Firmicutes (9.43%) were the dominant phyla of A. suturalis. At the genus level, Erwinia (28.98%), Staphylococcus (5.69%), and Acinetobacter (4.54%) were the dominant bacteria. We found that the relative abundance of Erwinia was very stable during the whole developmental stage. On the contrary, the relative abundance of Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Corynebacterium showed significant dynamic changes at different developmental stages. Functional prediction of symbiotic bacteria mainly focuses on metabolic pathways. Our findings document symbiotic bacteria across the life cycle of A. suturalis, as well as differences in both the composition and richness in nymph and adult symbiotic bacteria. Our analysis of the bacteria in A. suturalis provides important information for the development of novel biological control strategies.

scholarly journals Influence of Feeding Type and Nosema ceranae Infection on the Gut Microbiota of Apis cerana Workers

mSystems ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao K. Huang ◽  
Kun T. Ye ◽  
Wei F. Huang ◽  
Bi H. Ying ◽  
Xin Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Nosema Ceranae ◽  
Sugar Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Feeding Types ◽  
Feeding Type

ABSTRACT The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. To elucidate the effect of feed and Nosema ceranae infection on the gut microbiota of honey bee (Apis cerana), we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the gut microbiota of honey bee workers fed with sugar water or beebread and inoculated with or without N. ceranae. The gut microbiota of A. cerana is dominated by Serratia, Snodgrassella, and Lactobacillus genera. The overall gut microbiota diversity was show to be significantly differential by feeding type. N. ceranae infection significantly affects the gut microbiota only in bees fed with sugar water. Higher abundances of Lactobacillus, Gluconacetobacter, and Snodgrassella and lower abundances of Serratia were found in bees fed with beebread than in those fed with sugar water. N. ceranae infection led to a higher abundance of Snodgrassella and a lower abundance of Serratia in sugar-fed bees. Imputed bacterial Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways showed the significant metagenomics functional differences by feeding and N. ceranae infections. Furthermore, A. cerana workers fed with sugar water showed lower N. ceranae spore loads but higher mortality than those fed with beebread. The cumulative mortality was strongly positive correlated (rho = 0.61) with the changes of overall microbiota dissimilarities by N. ceranae infection. Both feeding types and N. ceranae infection significantly affect the gut microbiota in A. cerana workers. Beebread not only provides better nutrition but also helps establish a more stable gut microbiota and therefore protects bees in response to N. ceranae infection. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota plays an essential role in the health of bees. Scientific evidence suggests that diet and infection can affect the gut microbiota and modulate the health of the gut; however, the interplay between those two factors and the bee gut microbiota is not well known. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing method to monitor the changes of gut microbiota associated with both feeding types and Nosema ceranae infection. Our results showed that the gut microbiota composition and diversity of Asian honey bee were significantly associated with both feeding types and the N. ceranae infection. More interestingly, bees fed with beebread showed higher microbiota stability and lower mortality rates than those fed with sugar water when infected by N. ceranae. Those data suggest that beebread has the potential not only to provide better nutrition but also help to establish a more stable gut microbiota to protect bees against N. ceranae infection.

scholarly journals Bacterial Microbiota Analysis Demonstrates That Tick Can Acquire Bacteria From Habitat and Host Blood Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Si Li ◽  
Xiao-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xue-Jiao Zhou ◽  
Kai-Li Chen ◽  
Abolfazl Masoudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Hard Tick ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Host Blood ◽  
Blood Meals

Abstract Exploring the bacterial microbiota is imperative to tick control since it has an important role in tick physiology and vector capacity. The life cycle of ticks consists of parasitic and non-parasitic stages, with a diversity of habitats and host blood meals. Whether and how these factors, such as tick developmental stages, tick organs, habitats and host blood meals affect tick bacterial microbiota is poorly elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the bacterial microbiotas of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis, their blood meals and habitats using 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The bacterial richness and diversity in ticks varied depending on the tick developmental stage, feeding status and the tick organs. Results showed that fed ticks present a higher bacterial richness suggesting that ticks may acquire bacteria from blood meals. The significant overlap of the bacteriota of fed ticks and the host blood also support this possibility. Another possibility is that blood meals can stimulate the proliferation of certain bacteria. However, most shared bacteria cannot transmit throughout the tick life cycle, as they were not present in tick eggs. The most shared bacteria between ticks and habitats are genus of Staphylococcus, Pseudomonus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacer and Stenotrophomonas, some of them are also present in tick organ, suggesting that these environmental bacteria cannot be completely washed away and can be acquired by ticks. As tick reproductive organ, ovary showed the lowest bacterial richness and diversity compared to other organs. The predominant proportion of Coxiella in fed females and ovary further demonstrated that this genus is required for H. longicornis reproduction system. These findings further reveal that the bacterial composition of ticks is influenced by a variety of factors and will help in subsequent studies of the function of these bacteria.

Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of Apis cerana in Yunnan using high-throughput sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 202 (9) ◽  
pp. 2557-2567
Author(s):  
Zhi-Wen Luo ◽  
Zhi-Xiang Dong ◽  
Yi-Fei Chen ◽  
Huan-Yuan Li ◽  
Qi-He Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Apis Cerana

scholarly journals Gut Structure and Microbial Communities in Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and Their Predicted Contribution to Larval Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiale Li ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Ming Wang ◽  
Lixiang Wang ◽  
Xiaobo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Sirex Noctilio

The European woodwasp, Sirex noctilio Fabricius, is a major invasive quarantine pest that attacks and kills pine trees outside of its native range. Insect gut structure and gut microbiota play crucial roles in various life activities. Despite a few reports in nutrition and survival, an extensive study on the S. noctilio larval gut microbiome is lacking. We studied the gut structure using a stereo microscope and used high throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) regions to investigate gut microbiota in different developmental stages of S. noctilio, including larvae, adults, and larval frass. We used PICRUSt2 to predict the functional profiles. The larval gut was thin and thread-like from the oral cavity to the anus, carrying few xylem particles in the crop. Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, and Burkholderia s.l were the dominant bacteria in the guts of larvae, adults, and frass, respectively. Even though Pseudomonas was the most abundant among all bacteria, Zoogloea, Ruminobacter, and Nitrosospira, which might be involved in degrading organic matter and fixing nitrogen occurred exclusively in the larval gut indicating their possible role in the growth and development of larvae in pine tree xylem. Fungal communities did not change significantly across different developmental stages or the frass. Amylostereum was dominant in the woodwasp’s larval gut. Functional prediction of bacterial and fungal communities revealed that they may encod enzymes involved in degrading lignocellulose and fixing nitrogen. Ours is the first study that compares gut microbial communities present in S. noctilio larvae, adults, and frass. This study could provide an understanding of larval nutrient acquisition in nutrient-deficient host xylem to some extent. Our study may unlock novel strategies for the development of pest management approaches based on interfering with the gut microbiota and restricting their role in larval survival and development.

scholarly journals Construction of exchange integrated information chain management model leading by information nurse for large instrument and equipment in operating room

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghua Dai ◽  
Xiaoqiang Ren ◽  
Peng Wu ◽  
Xiangdong Wang ◽  
Jiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equipment Management ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Information Chain ◽  
Whole Life Cycle ◽  
Running Mode

Abstract Background This study aims to explore the information chain management model of large instrument and equipment inter-working in the operating room (OR) led by information nurses. Methods Through the chain management process of large instruments and equipment in the OR, which was based on information nurses, the management model of inter-working and integrating information chain was established, the key links were controlled, and the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment from expected procurement to scrapping treatment was realized. Using the cluster sampling method, 1562 surgical patients were selected. Among these patients, 749 patients were assigned to the control group before the running mode, and 813 patients were assigned to the observation group after the running mode. The related indexes for large instrument and equipment management in the department before and after the running mode were compared. Results In the observation group, the average time of equipment registration was (22.05 ± 2.36), the cost was reduced by 2220 yuan/year, and the satisfaction rate of the nursing staff was 97.62%. These were significantly better, when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the awareness rate of the whole staff for equipment repair application was 95.12%, and the arrival time of maintenance personnel and the examination and approval time of equipment management were greatly shortened (P < 0.05). Conclusion The integrated management model of large instrument and equipment interworking in the OR based on chain flow realizes the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment, which is essential to improve management efficiency.

scholarly journals Associations between stool micro-transcriptome, gut microbiota, and infant growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Molly C. Carney ◽  
Xiang Zhan ◽  
Akanksha Rangnekar ◽  
Maria Z. Chroneos ◽  
Sarah J.C. Craig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Infant Growth ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Ribonucleic Acids

Abstract Rapid infant growth increases the risk for adult obesity. The gut microbiome is associated with early weight status; however, no study has examined how interactions between microbial and host ribonucleic acid (RNA) expression influence infant growth. We hypothesized that dynamics in infant stool micro-ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) would be associated with both microbial activity and infant growth via putative metabolic targets. Stool was collected twice from 30 full-term infants, at 1 month and again between 6 and 12 months. Stool RNA were measured with high-throughput sequencing and aligned to human and microbial databases. Infant growth was measured by weight-for-length z-score at birth and 12 months. Increased RNA transcriptional activity of Clostridia (R = 0.55; Adj p = 3.7E-2) and Burkholderia (R = −0.820, Adj p = 2.62E-3) were associated with infant growth. Of the 25 human RNAs associated with growth, 16 were miRNAs. The miRNAs demonstrated significant target enrichment (Adj p < 0.05) for four metabolic pathways. There were four associations between growth-related miRNAs and growth-related phyla. We have shown that longitudinal trends in gut microbiota activity and human miRNA levels are associated with infant growth and the metabolic targets of miRNAs suggest these molecules may regulate the biosynthetic landscape of the gut and influence microbial activity.

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