scholarly journals Carbon emissions of Provincial Administrative Regions from the airlines in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Cui ◽  
Ye Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trading Mechanism ◽  
Standard Calculation ◽  
Air China

Abstract This paper seeks to calculate the overall emissions of China’s 413 main domestic routes in 2018, containing the Landing and Take-Off (LTO) emissions and Climb/Cruise/Descent (CCD) emissions. First, the standard calculation method of LTO emissions proposed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is applied to calculate the LTO emissions of 413 routes and 40 airlines. Next, the modified Fuel Percentage Method (MFPM) is used to calculate the CCD emissions of main aircraft types at various distances. Then the overall emissions are split into the Provincial Administrative Regions (PARs) on the routes to discuss the probable carbon compensations, which is the core to build an aviation carbon trading mechanism. China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, and Air China are the top three airlines in emissions. Guangdong has the most carbon emissions from airlines, but it may get the third most carbon compensation from the airlines.

A History of the Air Collision Problem

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
E. Roessger
Keyword(s):  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
International Convention ◽  
The Third ◽  
Collision Problem ◽  
History Of ◽  
Third Dimension

The regulations governing visual avoidance of collision in the air and the carriage of aircraft lights were originally based on marine practice and extended to include the third dimension in aviation. These regulations were established first by the International Convention for Air Navigation and finally by the International Civil Aviation Organization.

A STUDY ON INDIVIDUAL CARBON TRADING MECHANISM BASED ON CARBON REDUCTION BONUS IN THE CONTEXT OF CHINA'S MOTOR VEHICLE RESTRICTION POLICY

2021 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Lihong Jiang ◽  
Miaomiao Wang ◽  
Tongna Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Carbon Emissions Trading ◽  
Carbon Reduction ◽  
Trading Market ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Trading Mechanism

In the context of the development of China's carbon emissions trading market, research into individual-based carbon trading markets is gradually gaining momentum. But due to the diversity of individual carbon emissions and the difculty of quantifying them, there are many challenges to realising a personal carbon trading market, and China has yet to develop a complete personal carbon trading system. Therefore, based on Beijing's tail number restriction policy, this paper designs a personal carbon trading market mechanism based on the carbon emissions generated by car use as a commodity, with a focus on trading mechanisms, and supported by incentive systems, regulatory systems and compensation systems. With the help of the "carbon reduction red envelope" trading platform to achieve the participation of two main bodies, multi-benet. The changes in carbon emissions under different scenarios are also analysed, and some of the conditions for the operation of the personal carbon trading mechanism proposed in this paper are calculated. The individual carbon trading mechanism proposed in this paper,solves the inconvenience caused by the license plate restriction policy to Chinese people, promotes the exible and systematic development of urban management, and provides ideas for the development of China's individual carbon trading market.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-532
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Bank ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Sixth Session ◽  
The International Monetary Fund

During its sixth session in April 1949, the International Civil Aviation Organization Council prepared for the third assembly of the organization. Because of the restricted scope of the assembly only inter-governmental organizations were to be invited: United Nations, UNESCO, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, ILO, WMO, IMCO, the International Monetary Fund, ITU, UPU and WHO.

scholarly journals Reducing Carbon Footprint Direction of the Development of Aviation Fuels / Redukcja Emisji Dwutlenku Węgla Kierunkiem Rozwoju Paliw Lotniczych

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Tomasz Białecki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Development Direction

Abstract The paper presents the development direction of jet fuel, designated by the reduction of carbon emissions in aviation. This subject is a result of the assumed by the International Civil Aviation Organization target of reduction in CO2 emissions of 50%. The paper presents also applicability of the secondgeneration biofuels in aviation and the profitability of the use of such fuel by airlines on a commercial scale

Study of Aircraft Carbon Dioxide Emission Standards

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 1517-1520
Author(s):  
Guo Hua Yan ◽  
Shu Xun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Emission Standards ◽  
Aviation Emissions

International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is building a carbon dioxide standard for aircraft emissions. The CO2 standard is planning to be carried out by 2016 as the aviation emissions airworthiness standards, which will immediately influences the aircraft airworthiness certification. In this paper, the main context of the carbon dioxide standard for aircraft, basis for the establishment and metrics were studied. In addition, the metric system, the key point of CO2 emissions standards, has also been explained. Moreover, the implementation and criteria of the metric system was presented through computing and analyzing of the active-duty models. As a result, the CO2 emissions standard is aiming at improve the fuel efficiency and operational efficiency, which effectively reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals Fighting climate change in the air: lessons from the EU directive on global aviation

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Nicole de Paula Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
The Core ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu

The European Union's (EU) decision to include aviation into the Emissions Trade Scheme was heatedly contested. Countries around the world, but mainly the Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa group (BRICS) and the US, denounced the EU's initiate as illegal and unilateral. Following a decade of frustrated negotiations at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), this paper interrogates why such measure, in principle climate-friendly, inspired so much global resentment. I argue that concerns with competitiveness and risks of legal inconsistency are important, but insufficient elements to explain the core of the conflict. The paper suggests that the EU was strongly criticized because third countries perceived this action as an imposed solution, which fostered an environment of distrust. Therefore, I claim that the problem has more to do with a normative divide than with a substantive divergence on what should be done regarding aviation emissions. My analysis is informed by the present literature on the links between trade and climate change, but gives particular weight to first-hand information through interviews with key stakeholders. The paper is divided in three parts. First, it presents the scope of the EU directive in historical perspective. Second, it explores the EU's measure through three different angles: legal, economical and political. The final part explores some possible solutions to overcome these divergences.

International Civil Aviation Organization

1958 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Work Program ◽  
The Third ◽  
The United Kingdom

The 30th session of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) took place in Montreal from January 28 to April 18, 1957. In its consideration of the problems of air navigation, the Council, upon a recommendation of the Third Air Navigation Conference as endorsed by the Air Navigation Commission, approved the establishment of an Airworthiness Committee and noted the proposal of the Air Navigation Commission for its work program. The Council also agreed that the Air Navigation Commission should on its own authority take action on the provisional AMC's (Acceptable Means of Compliance) prepared by the Airworthiness Committee. A report by the Air Navigation Commission on signals to be used when an aircraft has infringed on restricted airspace was endorsed by the Council, which decided that a paper on the legal aspects of the question should be prepared as soon as practicable. In accordance with a resolution of the tenth session of the Assembly, the Council approved the establishment of a panel of statistical experts nominated by the following countries: Australia, Canada, Egypt, France, Italy, Lebanon, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In the legal field, the Council accepted the invitation of the Japanese government to hold the eleventh session of the Legal Committee in Tokyo in September 1957 and referred a report by the Air Transport Committee on the economic aspects of the liability limits on the proposed Convention on Aerial Collisions to the Legal Committee.

scholarly journals Multi-Agents-Based Modeling and Simulation for Carbon Permits Trading in China: A Regional Development Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Junjun Zheng ◽  
Mingmiao Yang ◽  
Gang Ma ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Yujie He
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
East Region ◽  
Trading Mechanism ◽  
Multi Agents

China has been actively taking actions to control carbon emissions and promoting development of a carbon market. However, there are many disadvantages in a carbon market, owing to various designs and policies still under trial and implementation. Adopting the multi-agents technique, we constructed a framework about national carbon market to estimate the effect of a different design of policy made on the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and environment. In particular, national and regional abatement policies were analyzed in our study. The results showed the carbon-trading mechanism can effectively reduce carbon emissions and make a negative impact on GDP. National abatement can neither be too high nor too low for reducing carbon emissions and maintaining economic stability. For different regions, the central region was impacted the most by a carbon trading mechanism, and the east region was the opposite. Moreover, the “sweeping approach” policy should be replaced by a regional “discriminating policy” because the abatement requirement to the western region was low and to the eastern region was relatively high, which is more beneficial to China’s regional development.

Consent

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krzywdzinski
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Employee Behavior ◽  
Labor Disputes ◽  
Performance Expectations ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Requirements ◽  
High Level

This chapter deals with the dependent variable of the study: consent. It analyses workplace consent in Russia and China using three indicators that refer to the core requirements of the production systems in automotive companies regarding employee behavior: first, standardized work; and second, compliance with expectations in terms of flexibility, cooperation, and a commitment to improving processes. The third indicator of consent (or the lack of it) is the absence or presence of open criticism, resistance, and labor disputes. The chapter reveals significant and unexpected differences between the Chinese and Russian sites on all three indicators. While the Chinese factories exhibit (with some variance between the companies), a relatively high level of consent, the Russian plants have problems with standardized work, the acceptance of performance expectations, and to some extent with labor disputes.

Duoethnography: A Polytheoretical Approach to (Re)Storing, (Re)Storying the Meanings That One Gives

2020 ◽  
pp. 396-423
Author(s):  
John Joseph Norris ◽  
Richard D. Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Third Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Feminist Inquiry

This chapter summarizes the advancement of duoethnography throughout its fifteen-year history, employing examples from a variety of topics in education and social justice to provide a wide range of approaches that one may take when conducting a duoethnography. A checklist articulates what its cofounders consider the core elements of duoethnographies, additional features that may or may not be employed and how some studies purporting to be duoethnographies may not be so. The chapter indicates connections between duoethnography and a number of methodological concepts including the third space, the problematics of representation, feminist inquiry, and critical theory using published examples by several duoethnographers.

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