scholarly journals Integrative Analysis of Transcriptomic and Physiological Reveals Drought Adaption Strategies in Different Maize Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Xi Wu ◽  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Miaoyi Hao ◽  
Renhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Protein Modification ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Drought Adaption

Abstract Background: Drought is an environmental stress that adversely affects maize productivity. However, drought adaption strategies of different maize varieties are not fully clear at the transcriptomic level. In the paper, drought-sensitive SD902 and -resistant SD609 varieties were analyzed to explore transcriptional and physiological alterations to drought stress. Results: The higher SOD, CAT, GSH enzymatic antioxidants, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis rate suggested better performance of SD609 than SD902 variety under drought stress. In transcriptome profiling, a total of 8985 and 7305 difference expression genes (DEGs) were identified in SD902 and SD609 respectively. These genes were overall involved in antioxidation reduce, osmotic adjustment, protein modification (e.g. HSP and chaperone protein), photosynthesis, phytohormone (e.g. ABA, IAA, ethylene), transcription factors (TFs) (e.g. ERF, WRKY, NAC and bZIP) and MAPK (MAPK1/8, MKK4/9 and MKKK17) cascade. Among them, the upregulated genes significantly correlated with stress adjustment, HSPs and chaperone functions might better reduce drought-induced damage in both SD902 and especially SD609. The higher genes expression of IAA, ethylene and electron transfer in SD609 may be closely related to drought-tolerant performance than SD902 plants. Moreover, the misregulation of TFs, MAPK and ABA signaling would appear vital to explain the various sensitivity to drought in both varieties. Conclusion: The more drought-tolerant SD609 presented a beneficial and significantly higher genes expression of stress protection, IAA transduction, photosynthesis compared with drought-sensitive SD902 variety. Our findings provide vital insights into the molecular signatures underpinning drought resistance in maize.

scholarly journals New Insights in the Sugarcane Transcriptome Responding to Drought Stress as Revealed by Supersage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éderson Akio Kido ◽  
José Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Valesca Pandolfi ◽  
Ana Carolina Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Blastn Analysis ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Solexa Sequencing Technology

In the scope of the present work, four SuperSAGE libraries have been generated, using bulked root tissues from four drought-tolerant accessions as compared with four bulked sensitive genotypes, aiming to generate a panel of differentially expressed stress-responsive genes. Both groups were submitted to 24 hours of water deficit stress. The SuperSAGE libraries produced 8,787,315 tags (26 bp) that, after exclusion of singlets, allowed the identification of 205,975 unitags. Most relevant BlastN matches comprised 567,420 tags, regarding 75,404 unitags with 164,860 different ESTs. To optimize the annotation efficiency, the Gene Ontology (GO) categorization was carried out for 186,191 ESTs (BlastN against Uniprot-SwissProt), permitting the categorization of 118,208 ESTs (63.5%). In an attempt to elect a group of the best tags to be validated by RTqPCR, the GO categorization of the tag-related ESTs allowed thein silicoidentification of 213 upregulated unitags responding basically to abiotic stresses, from which 145 presented no hits after BlastN analysis, probably concerning new genes still uncovered in previous studies. The present report analyzes the sugarcane transcriptome under drought stress, using a combination of high-throughput transcriptome profiling by SuperSAGE with the Solexa sequencing technology, allowing the identification of potential target genes during the stress response.

scholarly journals Evaluation of saline-alkali and drought tolerance in maize varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1047-1063
Author(s):  
Huili Zhang ◽  
Chuang Yuan ◽  
Guillian Mao ◽  
Xue Gao ◽  
Liu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

Saline-alkali and drought stresses are one of the abiotic stress factors that limit the normal growth and development of plants. In this work, various agronomic indexes including growth physiology and yield attributes were studied under saline-alkali and drought stress treatments. It was found that the limit of plant growth and development caused by drought stress is much higher than that of saline-alkali stress (p < 0.01). Based on the comprehensive evaluation value (D value), under saline-alkali stress condition, 36 maize varieties could be divided into four groups by cluster analysis (CA): High saline-alkali tolerance (3 varieties), medium saline-alkali tolerant(10 varieties), saline-alkali sensitive (19 varieties), high saline-alkali sensitive (4 varieties). In drought stress condition, 36 maize varieties could be divided into five groups by cluster analysis (CA): High drought-tolerance (2 varieties), medium drought-tolerant (14 varieties), low drought-tolerant (15 varieties), drought-sensitive (4 varieties), high drought-sensitive (1 variety). Therefore, this study provides a comprehensive screening of maize varieties under saline-alkali and drought stresses.

scholarly journals Research Progress and Perspective on Drought Stress in Legumes: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Muhammad Yahya ◽  
Alam Sher ◽  
Chuanxi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
The Impact

Climate change, food shortage, water scarcity, and population growth are some of the threatening challenges being faced in today’s world. Drought stress (DS) poses a constant challenge for agricultural crops and has been considered a severe constraint for global agricultural productivity; its intensity and severity are predicted to increase in the near future. Legumes demonstrate high sensitivity to DS, especially at vegetative and reproductive stages. They are mostly grown in the dry areas and are moderately drought tolerant, but severe DS leads to remarkable production losses. The most prominent effects of DS are reduced germination, stunted growth, serious damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, decrease in net photosynthesis, and a reduction in nutrient uptake. To curb the catastrophic effect of DS in legumes, it is imperative to understand its effects, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of drought for sustainable management. This review highlights the impact of DS on legumes, mechanisms, and proposes appropriate management approaches to alleviate the severity of water stress. In our discussion, we outline the influence of water stress on physiological aspects (such as germination, photosynthesis, water and nutrient uptake), growth parameters and yield. Additionally, mechanisms, various management strategies, for instance, agronomic practices (planting time and geometry, nutrient management), plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation, quantitative trait loci (QTLs), functional genomics and advanced strategies (CRISPR-Cas9) are also critically discussed. We propose that the integration of several approaches such as agronomic and biotechnological strategies as well as advanced genome editing tools is needed to develop drought-tolerant legume cultivars.

Performance of tropical early-maturing maize cultivars in multiple stress environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Badu-Apraku ◽  
A. Menkir ◽  
S. Ajala ◽  
R. Akinwale ◽  
M. Oyekunle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Growing Conditions

Maize (Zea mays L.) production in west Africa (WA) is constrained by drought, Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen (N). Maize varieties resistant to Striga, drought, and low N are ideal for WA, but genotype × environment interaction on these traits are usually significant due to differential responses of cultivars to growing conditions. Three studies were conducted from 2007 to 2009 at five locations in Nigeria to evaluate the performance of selected early-maturing cultivars under drought stress versus well-watered, Striga-infested versus Striga-free, and in low- versus high-N environments. Drought stress reduced grain yield by 44%, Striga infestation by 65%, and low N by 40%. GGE biplot analysis showed that the genotypes TZE-W DT STR C4, Tillering Early DT, TZE-W DT STR QPM C0 and TZE-Y DT STR C4 performed relatively well in all study environments. TZE-W DT STR C4 and TZE Comp3 C1F2 were outstanding under drought, TZE-W DT STR C4, EVDT-W 99 STR QPM C0 and TZE-W DT STR QPMC0 under Striga infestation and Tillering Early DT, EVDT 97 STRC1, TZE-W DT STR C4, and TZE Comp3 C3 under N deficiency. Maize productivity in WA can be significantly improved by promoting cultivation of genotypes that combine high resistance/tolerance to Striga and drought with improved N-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Response Mechanisms of two Different Grought-resistant Maize Varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Chengfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Renhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

Abstract Background: Drought stress seriously limits the seedling growth and yield of maize. Despite previous studies on drought resistance mechanisms by which maize cope with water deficient, the link between physiological and molecular variations are largely unknown. To reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms, comparative physiology and proteomic analyses were conducted to investigate the stress responses of two maize cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought stress. Results: Physiological results showed that SD609 (drought-tolerant) maintains higher photochemical efficiency by enhancing CEF (cyclic electron flow) protective mechanism and antioxidative enzymes activities. Proteomics analysis revealed a total of 198 and 102 proteins were differentially expressed in SD609 and SD902, respectively. Further enrichment analysis indicated that drought-tolerant ‘SD609’ increased the expression of proteins related to photosynthesis, antioxidants/detoxifying enzymes, molecular chaperones and metabolic enzymes. The up-regulation proteins related to PSII repair and photoprotection mechanisms resulted in more efficient photochemical capacity in tolerant variety under moderate drought. However, the drought-sensitive ‘SD902’ only induced molecular chaperones and sucrose synthesis pathways, and failed to protect the impaired photosystem. Further analysis indicated that proteins related to the electron transport chain, redox homeostasis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) could be important in protecting plants from drought stress. Conclusions: Our experiments explored the mechanism of drought tolerance, and obtained detailed information about the interconnection of physiological research and protein research. In summary, our findings could provide new clues into further understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms in maize.

scholarly journals Transcriptome profiling of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) drought-tolerant variety hassawi-2 under drought stress using RNA sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 15-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Altaf Khan ◽  
Salem S. Alghamdi ◽  
Megahed H. Ammar ◽  
Qiwei Sun ◽  
Fei Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Tolerant Variety

scholarly journals Relating Whole-plant Photosynthesis to Physiological Acclimations at Leaf and Cellular Scales under Drought Stress in Bedding Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Krishna Nemali ◽  
Marc W. van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Bedding Plant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Plant Photosynthesis

Bedding plants are at increased risk for exposure to drought stress during production because they are grown in small containers. Physiological mechanisms of bedding plants at leaf and cellular scales that regulate whole-plant photosynthesis under drought conditions are not well understood. This information can be useful for screening bedding plant cultivars with improved drought-tolerance and generate guidelines to mitigate drought stress during production. We subjected drought-sensitive salvia (Salvia splendens ‘Bonfire Red’) and drought-tolerant vinca (Catharanthus roseus ‘Cooler Peppermint’) to gradual drought stress inside whole-plant gas exchange chambers. Substrate water content (Θ), whole-plant net photosynthesis (Pn_avg), whole-plant respiration (Rd_avg), and daily carbon gain (DCG) were measured continuously, whereas stomatal conductance (gS) to water, leaf water (ΨL), osmotic (ΨS), and turgor (ΨP) potentials were measured at the start and end of the drought phase. In addition, ΨS was measured before exposure to stress and after thoroughly rehydrating plants. Dark-adapted quantum efficiency (dark-adapted ΦPSII) was measured after rehydrating plants. The results indicated that, at whole-plant scale, vinca continued to uptake water at lower Θ levels than the Θ level that resulted in wilting of salvia. There were no differences in Rd_avg; however, Pn_avg and DCG of salvia decreased at a higher Θ level than that of vinca. This indicated that salvia experienced drought stress at a higher Θ level than did vinca. At the leaf scale, there were no differences in ΨL; however, a more negative ΨS (P = 0.06) and significantly higher ΨP were observed in vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions. In addition, ΨS was not different between species before exposure to drought, whereas ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought in vinca was significantly lower than that in salvia. Moreover, ΨS of rehydrated leaves after exposure to drought was significantly lower than that observed before exposure to drought in vinca. This indicated osmotic adjustment (OA) in vinca under drought conditions. Dark-adapted ΦPSII was lower in salvia than in vinca after exposure to drought, indicating damage to photosynthetic mechanisms. Our results suggested that increased OA likely helped to maintain higher ΨP under drought conditions and continuation of water uptake at lower Θ in vinca compared to salvia. In addition, healthier photosynthetic mechanisms of vinca (compared to salvia) under drought conditions likely resulted in its higher Pn_avg and DCG at lower Θ. Screening for OA and dark-adapted ΦPSII may be useful for developing drought-tolerant bedding plant cultivars.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics Analysis of the Seedling Root Response of Drought-sensitive and Drought-tolerant Maize Varieties to Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Zeng ◽  
Yunling Peng ◽  
Xiaoqiang Zhao ◽  
Boyang Wu ◽  
Fenqi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

The growth and development of maize roots are closely related to drought tolerance. In order to clarify the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance between different maize (Zea mays L.) varieties at the protein level, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) quantitative proteomics were used for the comparative analysis of protein expression in the seedling roots of the drought-tolerant Chang 7-2 and drought-sensitive TS141 maize varieties under 20% polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000)-simulated drought stress. We identified a total of 7723 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), 1243 were significantly differentially expressed in Chang 7-2 following drought stress, 572 of which were up-regulated and 671 were down-regulated; 419 DEPs were identified in TS141, 172 of which were up-regulated and 247 were down-regulated. In Chang 7-2, the DEPs were associated with ribosome pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In TS141, the DEPs were associated with metabolic pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, and starch and sucrose metabolism. Compared with TS141, the higher drought tolerance of Chang 7-2 root system was attributed to a stronger water retention capacity; the synergistic effect of antioxidant enzymes; the strengthen cell wall; the osmotic stabilization of plasma membrane proteins; the effectiveness of recycling amino acid; and an improvement in the degree of lignification. The common mechanisms of the drought stress response between the two varieties included: The promotion of enzymes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway; cross-protection against the toxicity of aldehydes and ammonia; maintenance of the cell membrane stability. Based on the proteome sequencing information, the coding region sequences of eight DEP-related genes were analyzed at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The findings of this study can inform the future breeding of drought-tolerant maize varieties.

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