scholarly journals Parametric Investigation of EP To Enhance Surface Characteristics of Maraging Steel With Organic Electrolyte

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Kumar ◽  
Suraj Kumar ◽  
Manas Das
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Maraging Steel ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Metal Oxide Layer

Abstract Maraging steel 300 is widely used in aircraft, tools, and automotive industries, which requires a polished surface for better performance. In conventional methods of polishing, the abrasives directly contact the workpiece surface and deteriorate its property. Thus, a non-conventional method like Electropolishing (EP), is utilized to finish maraging steel with acetic acid (99.7 wt.%) and perchloric acid (70 wt.%) mixed in the volume of 3:1. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) is performed to determine the passive region that gives the best electropolishing performance. Different parameters, namely temperature, agitation, and polishing time and their effect on surface roughness and surface reflectance, are observed during EP. The optimized process parameters which give the best EP performance are the temperature at 60ºC, rotation of magnetic stirrer at 400 rpm, and polishing time of 6 minutes. An improvement of 56% in surface roughness and 60% in surface reflectance from its initial value of 21% is observed. EP makes the surface hydrophilic as the contact angle changes from 111.2º to 68.6º. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy analysis suggests that after EP, a metal oxide layer forms on the surface which helps in increasing corrosion resistance.

An Acoustic Emission-Based Method for Determining Contact Between a Tool and Workpiece at the Microscale

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Bourne ◽  
Martin B. G. Jun ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor ◽  
Richard E. DeVor
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Tool Geometry ◽  
Detection Error ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Part Surface ◽  
Overshoot And Undershoot

An acoustic emission-based touch-off detection system has been developed to determine contact between a rotating microtool and a workpiece surface with micron-level accuracy. The system has been implemented on an existing three-axis microscale machine tool. The system has been tested with microendmills as small as 50μm in diameter and microdrills as small as 254μm in diameter. The accuracy of the system has been found to depend on tool geometry and workpiece surface characteristics and is generally on the order of 1μm. An analytical model has been constructed to predict touch-off detection error. The calibrated model has been shown to predict surface overshoot and undershoot trends quite well. Simulations have shown that touch-off error is dominated by part surface roughness.

The Effect of Road Surface Texture on Tire Wear

1971 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Lowne
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Polished Surface ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Relative Wear ◽  
Road Surfaces ◽  
Tire Wear ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Range Of Values

Abstract (1) This experimental work has shown that there is a large variation in the degree of tire wear on different surfaces, the wear on the rough, harsh surface being approximately three times as severe as that on the rough polished surface. (2) Measurement of weight loss by the method described provides a sensitive measurement of tire wear. (3) Qualitative analysis has shown that it is the harshness of the surface which is of major importance in tire wear, with surface roughness as a slightly modifying factor. (4) Quantitative analysis of various parameters indicating surface characteristics has shown that the shape of the asperity tips and the low-speed, wet coefficient of friction are major factors. These can be used to predict wear to a high degree of significance within the range of values covered by these measurements, although a large sample of surfaces would be desirable to check this relationship further. (5) A decrease in the severity of wear of six times involving a drop in speed from 50 km/h to 25 km/h has not altered the relative wear ratings of the three surfaces which have been compared and it seems reasonable to assume that the relative wear rates, although not the absolute values, would be the same in normal conditions of use. Consequently, the increased use of rough road surfaces is not expected materially to affect tire wear. (6) Significant increase in tire life from a wear standpoint can be expected from the use of radial ply tires instead of cross ply tires.

scholarly journals Biofilm inhibition and bactericidal activity of NiTi alloy coated with graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles via electrophoretic deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirapat Pipattanachat ◽  
Jiaqian Qin ◽  
Dinesh Rokaya ◽  
Panida Thanyasrisung ◽  
Viritpon Srimaneepong
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Coating Time

AbstractBiofilm formation on medical devices can induce complications. Graphene oxide/silver nanoparticles (GO/AgNPs) coated nickel-titanium (NiTi) alloy has been successfully produced. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm effects of a GO/AgNPs coated NiTi alloy prepared by Electrophoretic deposition (EPD). GO/AgNPs were coated on NiTi alloy using various coating times. The surface characteristics of the coated NiTi alloy substrates were investigated and its anti-biofilm and anti-bacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm were determined by measuring the biofilm mass and the number of viable cells using a crystal violet assay and colony counting assay, respectively. The results showed that although the surface roughness increased in a coating time-dependent manner, there was no positive correlation between the surface roughness and the total biofilm mass. However, increased GO/AgNPs deposition produced by the increased coating time significantly reduced the number of viable bacteria in the biofilm (p < 0.05). Therefore, the GO/AgNPs on NiTi alloy have an antibacterial effect on the S. mutans biofilm. However, the increased surface roughness does not influence total biofilm mass formation (p = 0.993). Modifying the NiTi alloy surface using GO/AgNPs can be a promising coating to reduce the consequences of biofilm formation.

Modeling of surface roughness in a novel magnetorheological gear profile finishing process

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097826
Author(s):  
Ravi Datt Yadav ◽  
Anant Kumar Singh ◽  
Kunal Arora
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gear Profile

Fine finishing of spur gears reduces the vibrations and noise and upsurges the service life of two mating gears. A new magnetorheological gear profile finishing (MRGPF) process is utilized for the fine finishing of spur gear teeth profile surfaces. In the present study, the development of a theoretical mathematical model for the prediction of change in surface roughness during the MRGPF process is done. The present MRGPF is a controllable process with the magnitude of the magnetic field, therefore, the effect of magnetic flux density (MFD) on the gear tooth profile has been analyzed using an analytical approach. Theoretically calculated MFD is validated experimentally and with the finite element analysis. To understand the finishing process mechanism, the different forces acting on the gear surface has been investigated. For the validation of the present roughness model, three sets of finishing cycle experimentations have been performed on the spur gear profile by the MRGPF process. The surface roughness of the spur gear tooth surface after experimentation was measured using Mitutoyo SJ-400 surftest and is equated with the values of theoretically calculated surface roughness. The results show the close agreement which ranges from −7.69% to 2.85% for the same number of finishing cycles. To study the surface characteristics of the finished spur gear tooth profile surface, scanning electron microscopy is used. The present developed theoretical model for surface roughness during the MRGPF process predicts the finishing performance with cycle time, improvement in the surface quality, and functional application of the gears.

scholarly journals Post-Processing and Surface Characterization of Additively Manufactured Stainless Steel 316L Lattice: Implications for BioMedical Use

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Alex Quok An Teo ◽  
Lina Yan ◽  
Akshay Chaudhari ◽  
Gavin Kane O’Neill
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Processing Methods ◽  
Particulate Debris

Additive manufacturing of stainless steel is becoming increasingly accessible, allowing for the customisation of structure and surface characteristics; there is little guidance for the post-processing of these metals. We carried out this study to ascertain the effects of various combinations of post-processing methods on the surface of an additively manufactured stainless steel 316L lattice. We also characterized the nature of residual surface particles found after these processes via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Finally, we measured the surface roughness of the post-processing lattices via digital microscopy. The native lattices had a predictably high surface roughness from partially molten particles. Sandblasting effectively removed this but damaged the surface, introducing a peel-off layer, as well as leaving surface residue from the glass beads used. The addition of either abrasive polishing or electropolishing removed the peel-off layer but introduced other surface deficiencies making it more susceptible to corrosion. Finally, when electropolishing was performed after the above processes, there was a significant reduction in residual surface particles. The constitution of the particulate debris as well as the lattice surface roughness following each post-processing method varied, with potential implications for clinical use. The work provides a good base for future development of post-processing methods for additively manufactured stainless steel.

Abrasive Waterjet Cutting of Aluminum Alloys: Workpiece Surface Roughness

2013 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihat Tosun ◽  
Ihsan Dagtekin ◽  
Latif Ozler ◽  
Ahmet Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Aluminum Alloys ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Abrasive Waterjet Machining ◽  
Waterjet Machining ◽  
Area Of Application ◽  
Better Than

Abrasive waterjet machining is one of the non-traditional methods of the recent years which found itself a wide area of application in the industry for machining of different materials. In this paper, the surface roughness of 6061-T6 and 7075-T6 aluminum alloys are being cut with abrasive waterjet is examined experimentally. The experiments were conducted with different waterjet pressures and traverse speeds. It has been found that the surface roughness obtained by cutting material with high mechanical properties is better than that of obtained by cutting material with inferior mechanical properties.

Surface Roughness of Two CAD/CAM Restorative Materials as Affected by Chewing Simulation v1

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
eaeldwakhly not provided
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chewing Simulation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
The Individual

This study was conducted to assess the surface characteristics in terms of roughness of two CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing)restorative material spre and post chewing simulation exposure. Methods: Specimens were prepared from two CAD/CAM ceramic materials: Cerec Blocs C and IPS e-max ZirCAD. A total of 10 disks were prepared for each study group. 3D optical noncontact surface profiler was used to test the surface roughness (ContourGT, Bruker, Campbell, CA, USA). A silicone mold was used to fix the individual samples using a self-curing resin. Surface roughness (SR) was examined pre and post exposure to chewing simulation. 480,000 simulated chewing cycles were conducted to mimic roughly two years of intraoral clinical service. The results data was first tested for normality and equal variance (Levene’s test >0.05) then examined with paired and independent sample t-test at a significance level of (p < 0.05). Results:The two CAD-CAM materials tested exhibited increased surface roughness from baseline. The highest mean surface roughness was observed in Cerec blocs C group after chewing simulation (2.34 µm± 0.62 µm). Whereas the lowest surface roughness was observed in IPS e.max ZirCAD group before chewing simulation (0.42 µm± 0.16 µm). Both study groups exhibited significantly different surface roughness values (p< 0.05). There was a statistically higher surface roughness values after the chewing simulation in Cerec blocs C when compared to IPS e.max ZirCAD groups (p = 0.000).Conclusion:Even though both tested CAD/CAM materials differ in recorded surface roughness values, results were within clinically accepted values.

On the Flexible Abrasive Tool for Nanofinishing of Complex Surfaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithun Sarkar ◽  
V. K. Jain ◽  
Ajay Sidpara
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Abrasive Tool ◽  
End Mill ◽  
Complex Surfaces ◽  
Ball End Mill ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Abrasive Particles ◽  
Processing Step ◽  
Finishing Tool

Nanofinishing of complex surfaces is an important but costly processing step for many products for performing their functions satisfactorily. This paper deals with the development of a flexible abrasive tool for nanofinishing of complex surfaces. A flexible finishing tool similar to the ball end mill is developed by curing Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). A bowl-shaped copper workpiece is finished to nanometer surface roughness value. Different sizes of abrasive particles are used to reduce surface roughness value of the workpiece. A corrosion inhibitor is mixed with the abrasive slurry to protect the finished copper workpiece surface. A final surface roughness value of 50[Formula: see text]nm has been achieved with a variation up to 70[Formula: see text]nm on different locations of the bowl-shaped workpiece.

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