Evaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Manabe ◽  
Takayoshi Ishida ◽  
Eiichiro Kanda ◽  
Takashi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Physiological Age ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation

Abstract Appropriate evaluation of maxillofacial growth and development is important for effective orthodontic treatment. The evaluation of growth is not based on chronological age, but on the physiological age that is evaluated according to individual development. The cervical vertebral bone age is one approach to evaluate physiological age. In the present study, we evaluated the growth pattern of maxilla and mandible in Japanese patients using the age of the cervical vertebrae as an index. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before the start of the orthodontic treatment were traced to evaluate the age of the cervical vertebrae and mandible. Altogether, 400 patients were allocated to groups based on the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), namely, CVMS I to V, with 80 patients in each group. In this study, stratified random sampling was used to obtain the required samples. We measured ANS-PNS as an index of maxillary length, whereas Ar-Go as an index of mandibular height and Go-Pog as an index of mandibular length on the cephalograms. It was found that ANS-PNS increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III, while both Ar-Go and Go-Pog increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in men. On the other hand, such significant increases in consecutive stages were not found in women. Based on these observations, it was suggested that CVMS is effective in evaluating the growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals Hubungan tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dengan panjang mandibulaRelationship between cervical vertebrae maturity and mandibular length

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Tessa Rebecca Sihombing ◽  
Mimi Marina Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Maturity Level ◽  
Lateral Cephalogram ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Growth ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
The Relationship

Pendahuluan: Beberapa tahun terakhir, hubungan antara cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) dengan pertumbuhan mandibula yang dinilai melalui panjang mandibula mendapat perhatian. Pemahaman mengenai pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kraniofasial pasien sangat penting dalam membantu menegakkan diagnosis, merencanakan perawatan, dan keberhasilan perawatan ortodonti. Waktu perawatan ortodonti berhubungan dengan keparahan dan tipe maloklusi yang dikaitkan dengan tingkat maturitas pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dengan panjang mandibula. Metode: Jenis penelitian analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian menggunakan 100 foto sefalogram lateral pasien usia 8-18 tahun dengan Klas I skeletal. Kualitas foto sefalogram lateral baik dan berasal dari laboratorium yang sama. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menganalisis tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dan mengukur panjang mandibula pada sefalogram lateral. Uji statistik yang digunakan ANOVA dan Kruskal-Wallis, analisis korelasi menggunakan Pearson. Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada panjang mandibula laki-laki dan perempuan, dengan nilai p=0,009. Panjang mandibula pada laki-laki lebih besar dibandingkan perempuan. Peningkatan panjang mandibula tertinggi pada laki-laki terjadi dari cervical vertebrae maturation stages (CVMS) 3 ke CVMS 4 sebesar 8,19±5,79 mm dan pada perempuan terjadi dari CVMS 3 ke CVMS 4 sebesar 6,38±4,51 mm. Hubungan yang paling erat adalah pada tahap CVMS 3 ke CVMS 4 sebesar 0,858 yang bersifat kuat. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis dengan panjang mandibula, pada setiap tingkat maturitas vertebra servikalis terjadi peningkatan panjang mandibula. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan mandibula sejalan dengan maturitas vertebra servikalis.Kata kunci: Maturitas, vertebra servikalis, panjang mandibula. ABSTRACTIntroduction: In recent years, the relationship between cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) and mandibular growth assessed by mandibular length has received attention. Understanding the patient’s craniofacial growth and development is very important in helping make the diagnosis, planning treatment, and the success of orthodontic treatment. The orthodontic treatment timing was related to the severity and type of malocclusion associated with the patient’s maturity level. This study was aimed to analyse the relationship between cervical vertebrae maturity level and mandibular length. Methods: This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional design. The study sample used 100 lateral cephalogram photos of patients aged 8-18 years with skeletal Class I. The quality of the lateral cephalogram images was good and came from the same laboratory. Data collection was carried out by analysing the cervical vertebrae’s maturity level and measuring the mandibular length on the lateral cephalogram. The statistical test used was ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis, and the correlation analysis used was Pearson. Results: There were significant differences in the male and female mandibular length, with the p-value = 0.009. The mandibular length in male was higher than in the female. The highest increase in the male mandibular length occurred from cervical vertebrae maturation stages (CVMS) 3 to CVMS 4 by 8.19 ± 5.79 mm, and in women occurred from CVMS 3 to CVMS 4 by 6.38 ± 4.51 mm. The closest relationship was at the CVMS 3 to CVMS 4 stage of 0.858, which was categorised as strong. Conclusion: There is a relationship between the maturity level of the cervical vertebrae and the mandibular length. At each maturity level of the cervical vertebrae, there is an increase in the mandibular length. These results suggest that the mandibular growth is in line with the maturity of the cervical vertebrae.Keywords: Maturity, cervical vertebrae, mandibular length.

scholarly journals Anatomical evaluation of the cervical vertebrae of Wistar rats by means of digital radiographs and its correlation with the maturation stages of human cervical vertebrae

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Roberto Hiroshi Matsui ◽  
Julio Cezar de Melo Castilho ◽  
Luiz César de Moraes ◽  
Mônica Fernandes Gomes ◽  
Kurt Faltin Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Digital Radiographs ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Development Assessment

INTRODUCTION: Biological age is an important parameter for growth and development assessment. It can be evaluated through the observation of radiographic changes in skeletal maturation of cervical vertebrae. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to: a) verify if there is correlation between growth curve and the stages of bone age of animals used in laboratories, by evaluating radiographs of the cervical vertebrae; b) correlate these stages with their correspondents in humans. METHODS: 35 Wistar rats were evaluated for a period of 160 days, starting at day 22nd (weaning), with cross sections for periodic weighing, length measurement and digital radiography. Radiographs of the cervical vertebrae (C2 and C3) were measured by means of a computer program (Radio IMP). Data were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA) and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: Growth spurt was characterized by fast increasing in weight and length. Through ANOVA, differences were observed in the cervical measurements between days 22, 97, 127, 157, 187 and 217 (p <0.001). A high correlation was found between increasing in body length and weight, as well as in cervical vertebrae height (r = 0.86). Increments in concavities of vertebrae were also observed, similar to humans. CONCLUSIONS: There is correlation between body growth and maturation of cervical vertebrae in rats. Despite the continuous development of concavities, it was not possible to clearly identify the 5/6 stages as in studies of cervical vertebrae maturation in humans.

scholarly journals Relationship between age at menarche, body mass index percentile, and skeletal maturity stages in Indian female orthodontic patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Shahin Sheikh ◽  
Salil Nene ◽  
Ajit J. Kalia ◽  
Rajaganesh Gautam ◽  
Ashwith Hegde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Skeletal Maturity ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adolescent Females ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Orthodontic Patients

Introduction Skeletal maturity is of paramount importance for the diagnosis and prognosis of orthodontic treatment undertaken in adolescents. This can be assessed by different methods. The study here aims at evaluation of the effect of the onset of menarche and body mass index (BMI) percentile, i.e., overall body growth, on the skeletal maturation of adolescent females and, to find the relationship between age at menarche, cervical maturation stages, and BMI percentile in female orthodontic patients of Indian origin. Materials and Methods Adolescent females were asked to fill a questionnaire to extract the history of their menarche and chronological age and those within 3 months of menarche were selected. Their height and weight were measured under standard conditions and BMI was calculated. Lateral cephalograms obtained for them were scaled for cervical vertebrae maturation stages according to Hassel and Farman’s method. These parameters were then statistically correlated. Results The results showed that the girls with higher BMI percentile attained menarche early than their healthier counterparts, whereas attaining menarche did not correlate with any specific stage of skeletal maturity. Conclusion Young girls coming for orthodontic treatment should be carefully assessed for skeletal maturity, as variable amount of skeletal growth may be left even after attaining menarche.

scholarly journals Determination of Pubertal Growth Plot Using Hand-wrist and Cervical Vertebrae Maturation Indices, Dental Calcification, Peak Height Velocity, and Menarche

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
Endah Mardiati ◽  
Ira Komara ◽  
Himawan Halim ◽  
Ani Melani Maskoen
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
Pubertal Growth ◽  
Maturation Stages

Introduction: Pubertal growth stages are important periods in orthodontic treatment with functional appliances and orthognathic surgery. Pubertal growth prediction, which determines the amount of growth that has taken place and estimates the remaining growth, can influence diagnosis, treatment goals, treatment plans, and orthodontic treatment outcomes, especially in cases requiring growth intensity or growth completion. Determination of pubertal growth stages is more accurate when performed using physiological maturation indicators than chronological age. There are several maturation indices that can be used to predict the pubertal growth stage, such as hand-wrist maturation, cervical vertebrae maturation index (CVMS), dental calcification, peak height velocity of body height (PHV), and menarche in females. The aim of this study was to identify the differences and correlation between hand-wrist, CVMS maturation stages, peak height velocity (PHV), canine and M2 calcification stages, and menarche age (of female subjects). The study also aimed to describe the pubertal growth curve plot of female and male subjects. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study with a cross-sectional approach, which included 279 females and 144 males aged 8-17 years. Subjects had digital lateral cephalograms, hand-wrist, and panoramic radiographs. The hand-wrist maturation stage was analyzed using the Fishman method, CVMS using Baccetti et al.’s method, and the stages of dental maturation were assessed using Demirjian and Goldstein method. PHV was measured from standing height using a wall-mounted plastic stadiometer, while menarche was analyzed through interviews. Statistical analysis by ANOVA, post hoc analysis, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were determined with Excel Mega Stat. Results: There were significant differences between females and males in CVMS and hand-wrist (P< 0.05) except for radius union (Ru). No significant differences in canine and M2 calcification between females and males were observed. PHV females increased by 7.89 cm at 11-12 years, while males increased by 9.9 cm at 13-14 years. Menarche occurred at the age of 12.2 years on average, with the oldest being 14.7 years and the youngest being 9.6 years. The correlation between females’ and males’ hand-wrist and CVMS was very high. The lowest correlation in females was between menarche and CVMS and in males, it was between PHV and canine. Conclusion: Maturation stages of hand-wrist, CVMS, and PHV females were earlier than males. Pubertal growth curves plot of females tended to skew to the left, demonstrating that the time from the beginning to the peak of pubertal growth is shorter than that from the peak to the end of pubertal growth, while pubertal growth curves plot of males tended to skew to the right, demonstrating that the time from the beginning to the peak of pubertal growth is longer than that from the peak to the end of pubertal growth.

Multiple Regression Modeling for Age Estimation by Assessment and Comparison of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion and Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Seval Bayrak ◽  
Kaan Orhan ◽  
Handan Ankarali
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Multiple Regression Modeling ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

scholarly journals Morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone due to retraction of anterior teeth: a retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiannan Sun ◽  
Wenhsuan Lu ◽  
Yunfan Zhang ◽  
Liying Peng ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Bone Width ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Labial Side ◽  
Incisor Retraction ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible

Abstract Backgroud To analyze the morphological changes of the anterior alveolar bone after the retraction of incisors in premolar extraction cases and the relationship between incisor retraction and remodeling of the alveolar base represented by points A and B displacements. Methods Pre- (T0) and post-treatment (T1) lateral cephalograms of 308 subjects in the maxilla and 154 subjects in the mandible who underwent the orthodontic treatment with extraction of 2 premolars in upper or lower arches were included. Alveolar bone width and height in both the maxillary and mandible incisor area were measured at T0 and T1 respectively. By superimposing the T0 and T1 cephalometric tracings, changes of points A and B, and the movement of the incisors were also measured. Then the correlation between incisor movement and the displacements of points A and B was analyzed. Results The alveolar bone width (ABW) showed a significant decrease in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.001) except the labial side of the mandible (P > 0.05). The alveolar bone height (ABH) showed a significant increase in the labial side of maxilla and a significant decrease in the lingual side of maxilla and mandible. A strong positive correlation was verified between incisor movement and position changes of points A and B in both horizontal and vertical directions. Conclusions Anterior alveolar bone width and height generally decreased after orthodontic treatment. Incisor retraction led to significant position changes of points A and B. The decrease of anterior alveolar bone due to significant incisor retraction should be taken into account in treatment planning.

Prediction of hand‐wrist maturation stages based on cervical vertebrae images using artificial intelligence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong‐Wook Kim ◽  
Jinhee Kim ◽  
Taesung Kim ◽  
Taewoo Kim ◽  
Yoon‐Ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Maturation Stages

scholarly journals Cervical vertebral maturation assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs using artificial intelligence: comparison of machine learning classifier models

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Amasya ◽  
Derya Yildirim ◽  
Turgay Aydogan ◽  
Nazan Kemaloglu ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Supervised Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Maturation

Objectives: This study aimed to develop five different supervised machine learning (ML) classifier models using artificial intelligence (AI) techniques and to compare their performance for cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) analysis. A clinical decision support system (CDSS) was developed for more objective results. Methods: A total of 647 digital lateral cephalometric radiographs with visible C2, C3, C4 and C5 vertebrae were chosen. Newly developed software was used for manually labelling the samples, with the integrated CDSS developed by evaluation of 100 radiographs. On each radiograph, 26 points were marked, and the CDSS generated a suggestion according to the points and CVM analysis performed by the human observer. For each sample, 54 features were saved in text format and classified using logistic regression (LR), support vector machine, random forest, artificial neural network (ANN) and decision tree (DT) models. The weighted κ coefficient was used to evaluate the concordance of classification and expert visual evaluation results. Results: Among the CVM stage classifier models, the best result was achieved using the ANN model (κ = 0.926). Among cervical vertebrae morphology classifier models, the best result was achieved using the LR model (κ = 0.968) for the presence of concavity, and the DT model (κ = 0.949) for vertebral body shapes. Conclusions: This study has proposed ML models for CVM assessment on lateral cephalometric radiographs, which can be used for the prediction of cervical vertebrae morphology. Further studies should be done especially of forensic applications of AI models through CVM evaluations.

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