scholarly journals Peptidomic Changes in The Milk of Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) With Intramammary Infection By Non-Aureus Staphylococci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Filippa Addis ◽  
Elisa Margherita Maffioli ◽  
Martina Penati ◽  
Mariangela Albertini ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mastitis by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a significant issue in dairy buffalo farming. In a herd with subclinical NAS mastitis, we identified Staphylococcus microti as the predominant species. To assess milk protein integrity and investigate potential disease markers, we characterized 12 NAS-positive and 12 healthy quarter milk samples by shotgun peptidomics combining peptide enrichment and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We observed significant changes in the milk peptidome. Out of 789 total peptides identified in each group, 49 and 44 were unique or increased in NAS-positive and healthy milk, respectively. In NAS-positive milk, the differential peptides belonged mainly to caseins, followed by milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMP) and by the immune defense/antimicrobial proteins osteopontin, lactoperoxidase, and serum amyloid A. In healthy milk, these belonged mainly to MFGMP, followed by caseins. In terms of abundance, peptides from MFGMP and immune defense protein were higher in NAS-positive milk, while peptides from caseins were higher in healthy milk. These findings highlight the impact of NAS on buffalo milk quality and mammary gland health, even when clinical signs are not evident, and underscore the need for clarifying the epidemiology and relevance of the different NAS species in this dairy ruminant.

scholarly journals Micronutrient and Glucose-Related Biomarkers Until 24 Mo of Age in Infants Receiving Formula With Added Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane Through the First Year of Life: An RCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 762-762
Author(s):  
Angela Jaramillo-Ospina ◽  
Rosario Toro-Campos ◽  
Teresa Murguia-Peniche ◽  
Jennifer Wampler ◽  
Steven Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Bovine milk fat globule membrane (bMFGM) added in routine infant formula supports normal growth and safety through 24 mo of age in term infants. The impact on micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers is assessed here. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, formula-fed infants were enrolled (<120 days of age) and randomized to receive a standard cow´s milk-based infant formula (SF, n = 174) or a similar formula with added whey protein-lipid concentrate (5 g/L; bMFGM; EF n = 173); exclusively breastfed infants were enrolled as a reference (HM, n = 235). In 50% of infants (chosen at random), parents agreed to blood collection (2–4 h fasting) at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Serum micronutrients (zinc, iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR [Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance], IGF-1) were analyzed. Results At baseline, significant differences in markers of iron status (serum iron, ferritin) and glucose-related biomarkers (glucose, HOMA-IR, and IGF-1) were detected between HM and study formula groups. At 6 and 12 mo, no differences in any measure were detected between study formula groups. Serum iron and ferritin at 12 mo as well as glucose-related biomarkers at 6 mo (insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-1) and 12 mo (IGF-1 only) were lower in the HM vs study formula groups. By 24 mo, micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar between study formula groups (with the exception of significantly lower serum iron in the SF group); for HM vs study formula groups, differences included significantly lower zinc and IGF-1. Conclusions Patterns of micronutrients and glucose-related biomarkers were similar through two years of age in infants who received formula through one year. This study add to the body of data available for glucose-related biomarkers in children at two years of age and younger. Funding Sources The study was funded by Mead Johnson Nutrition (MJN). TMP, SSW, and JLW are currently, and CLB was previously employed by MJN.

scholarly journals Qualitative and Quantitative Study of Glycosphingolipids in Human Milk and Bovine Milk Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Data-Dependent Acquisition–Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 4024
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Bertram Y. Fong ◽  
Alastair K. H. MacGibbon ◽  
Gillian Norris
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Neutral Loss ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

Cerebrosides (Crb; including glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) are structurally complex lipids found in many eukaryotic cell membranes, where they play important roles in cell growth, apoptosis, cell recognition and signaling. They are also found in mammalian milk as part of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), making milk an important dietary component for the rapidly growing infant. This study reports the development of a robust analytical method for the identification and characterization of 44 Crb and 23 LacCer molecular species in milk, using high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in data-dependent acquisition mode. For the first time, it also compares the distributions of these species in human and bovine milks, a commercial MFGM-enriched dairy ingredient (MFGM Lipid 100) and commercial standards purified from bovine milk. A method for quantifying Crb and LacCer in milk using mass spectrometry in neutral loss scan mode was developed and validated for human milk, bovine milk and MFGM Lipid 100. Human milk was found to contain approximately 9.9–17.4 µg Crb/mL and 1.3–3.0 µg LacCer/mL, whereas bovine milk (pooled milk from a Friesian herd) contained 9.8–12.0 and 14.3–16.2 µg/mL of these lipids, respectively. The process used to produce MFGM Lipid 100 was shown to have enriched these components to 448 and 1036 µg/g, respectively. No significant changes in the concentrations of both Crb and LacCer were observed during lactation.

scholarly journals The dynamics of the biological membrane surrounding the buffalo milk fat globule investigated as a function of temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanh T.H. Nguyen ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Madec ◽  
Lydia Ong ◽  
Sandra E. Kentish ◽  
Sally L. Gras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Biological Membrane ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule

scholarly journals Autoregulation of insulin receptor signaling through MFGE8 and the αvβ5 integrin

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (18) ◽  
pp. e2102171118
Author(s):  
Ritwik Datta ◽  
Carlos O. Lizama ◽  
Amin K. Soltani ◽  
William Mckleroy ◽  
Michael J. Podolsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Insulin Receptor Signaling ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Integrin Ligand ◽  
The Impact

The role of integrins, in particular αv integrins, in regulating insulin resistance is incompletely understood. We have previously shown that the αvβ5 integrin ligand milk fat globule epidermal growth factor like 8 (MFGE8) regulates cellular uptake of fatty acids. In this work, we evaluated the impact of MFGE8 on glucose homeostasis. We show that acute blockade of the MFGE8/β5 pathway enhances while acute augmentation dampens insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Moreover, we find that insulin itself induces cell-surface enrichment of MFGE8 in skeletal muscle, which then promotes interaction between the αvβ5 integrin and the insulin receptor leading to dampening of skeletal-muscle insulin receptor signaling. Blockade of the MFGE8/β5 pathway also enhances hepatic insulin sensitivity. Our work identifies an autoregulatory mechanism by which insulin-stimulated signaling through its cognate receptor is terminated through up-regulation of MFGE8 and its consequent interaction with the αvβ5 integrin, thereby establishing a pathway that can potentially be targeted to improve insulin sensitivity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Homogenization on Donor Human Milk and Human Milk-Based Fortifiers and Implications for Preterm Infant Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M Reyes ◽  
Biranchi Patra ◽  
Melinda J Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infant ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Infant Health ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Donor Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract An exclusive human milk diet (EHMD) has been shown to reduce health complications of prematurity in infants born weighing ≤1250 grams compared to cow milk-based diets. Accordingly, the number of available human milk (HM)-based nutritional products continues to increase. Newly available products, and those reportedly soon to enter the market include homogenized donor human milk (DHM) and homogenized HM–based fortifiers. Existing literature demonstrating the benefits of an EHMD, however, is limited to non-homogenized HM-based products. Herein, we summarize existing evidence on the impact of homogenization on HM, with a particular focus on changes to the macromolecular structure of the milk fat globule and its subsequent impact on digestion kinetics. We use these published data to create a conceptual framework for the potential implications of homogenized HM-based nutritional products on preterm infant health. Importantly, we underscore that the safety and efficacy of homogenized HM-based products warrant investigation.

Correlation and variability between weighing, counting and analytical methods to determine ergot (Claviceps purpurea) contamination of grain

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Grusie ◽  
V. Cowan ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
J. McKinnon ◽  
B. Blakley
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ergot Alkaloid ◽  
Total Alkaloid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ergot Alkaloids ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Impact

Ergot alkaloid mycotoxins produced by the fungus Claviceps purpurea, are contaminants of cereal crops and grasses. The objectives of this study were to determine the correlation between number of ergot sclerotia and weight compared to the total ergot alkaloid concentration, to evaluate the effect of grinding process (i.e. particle size (PS)) on ergot alkaloid analysis using high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry, and to determine the impact of sample volume on analytical variability. This study demonstrated that correlations exist between both ergot sclerotia count (R2=0.7242, P<0.001) and ergot sclerotia weight (R2=0.9618, P<0.001) compared to the total alkaloid concentration of 6 ergot alkaloids. However, at alkaloid ergot concentrations below 350 µg/kg grain, ergot sclerotia count (R2=0.0002, P=0.956) and ergot sclerotia weight (R2=0.0064, P=0.769) were not correlated to the total alkaloid concentration. A lower variability (P=0.041), defined by coefficient of variation (CV), was observed using a commercial UDY cyclone sample mill (PS=192 µm, CV=9 µg/kg) as compared to a household coffee grinder (PS=516 µm, CV=66 µg/kg). Total amount and concentration of individual ergot alkaloids varied (P<0.05) among sclerotia of similar weight. For the analytical method, CV was numerically reduced as sample volume increased (97% CV for 75 ml to 64% CV for 1000 ml; mean of all concentrations) but increased as sample concentration declined (17% CV for 81,678 µg/kg to 284% for 35 µg/kg; mean of all sample volumes). This implies that analysis of small sample volumes at low ergot alkaloid concentrations may result in highly variable and potentially misleading results. In conclusion, number of ergot sclerotia and weight are unreliable indicators of alkaloid content at ergot concentrations below 350 µg/kg and particle size influences the variability. An analytical approach with fine grinding (mean PS<200 µm, 85% particles <400 µm) of a large sample should be used to assess low-level ergot contamination.

scholarly journals The Impact of Milk Fat Globule Membrane with Exercise on Age-Related Degeneration of Neuromuscular Junctions

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2310
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sugita ◽  
Kotaro Tamura ◽  
Michiko Yano ◽  
Yoshihiko Minegishi ◽  
Noriyasu Ota
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Related Changes

Morphological changes in neuromuscular junctions (NMJs), which are synapses formed between α-motor neurons and skeletal muscle fibers, are considered to be important in age-related motor dysfunction. We have previously shown that the intake of dietary milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) combined with exercise attenuates age-related NMJ alterations in the early phase of aging. However, it is unclear whether the effect of MFGM with exercise on age-related NMJ alterations persists into old age, and whether intervention from old age is still effective when age-related changes in NMJs have already occurred. In this study, 6- or 18-month-old mice were treated with a 1% MFGM diet and daily running wheel exercise until 23 or 24 months of age, respectively. MFGM treatment with exercise was effective in suppressing the progression of age-related NMJ alterations in old age, and even after age-related changes in NMJs had already occurred. Moreover, the effect of MFGM intake with exercise was not restricted to NMJs but extended to the structure and function of peripheral nerves. This study demonstrates that MFGM intake with exercise may be a novel approach for improving motor function in the elderly by suppressing age-related NMJ alterations.

Impact of industrial cream heat treatments on the protein composition of the milk fat globule membrane

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93
Author(s):  
Steffen F. Hansen ◽  
Bjørn Petrat-Melin ◽  
Jan T. Rasmusen ◽  
Lotte B. Larsen ◽  
Lars Wiking
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
Industrial Setting ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe impact of cream processing on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was assessed in an industrial setting for the first time. Three creams and their derived MFGM fractions from different stages of the pasteurization procedure at a butter dairy were investigated and compared to a native control as well as a commercial MFGM fraction. The extent of cross-linking of serum proteins to MFGM proteins increased progressively with each consecutive pasteurization step. Unresolved high molecular weight aggregates were found to consist of both indigenous MFGM proteins and β-lactoglobulin as well as αs1- and β-casein. With regards to fat globule stability and in terms of resistance towards coalescence and flocculation after cream washing, single-pasteurized cream exhibited reduced sensitivity to cream washing compared to non- and double-pasteurized creams. Inactivation of the agglutination mechanism and the increased presence of non-MFGM proteins may determine this balance between stable and non-stable fat globules.

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