Seeing pre-screened, regular clients associated with lower odds of workplace sexual violence and condom refusal amidst sex work criminalization: Findings of a community-based cohort of sex workers in Metro Vancouver, Canada (2010-2019)
Abstract Background Research that accurately represents how characteristics of sex work clients relate to sex workers’ labour conditions is crucial for informing evidence-based legislation which upholds sex workers’ human rights. However, little quantitative research has examined how seeing regulars (repeat clients) impacts sex workers’ occupational safety, particularly under ‘end-demand’ criminalization. Methods Drawing on longitudinal data from a community-based cohort of 900+ sex workers in Vancouver, we used logistic regression analyses to 1) describe correlates of seeing mostly pre-screened, regular clients, 2) identify associations between seeing mostly regulars and odds of experiencing occupational outcomes of workplace sexual violence and client condom refusal, and 3) examine the interaction between seeing mostly regulars and work environment on workplace sexual violence and client condom refusal. Results Over the 9-year study (N=925), seeing mostly regulars was associated with reduced odds of sexual violence (AOR 0.73, 95%CI 0.53-1.02) and client condom refusal (AOR 0.70, 95%CI 0.57-0.86) in multivariable GEE confounder models. These associations were strongest among sex workers in outdoor/informal indoor workspaces. Conclusion Our findings highlight protective effects of seeing pre-screened regulars within a criminalized setting. Removal of ‘end-demand’ client criminalization is needed to enable sex workers to effectively screen clients, support HIV/STI prevention, and advance sex workers’ human rights.