Validation Test Report for NFLUX PRE: Validation of Specific Humidity, Surface Air Temperature, and Wind Speed Precision and Accuracy for Assimilation into Global and Regional Models

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Van de Voorde ◽  
Jackie May ◽  
Clark Rowley
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Regional Models ◽  
Test Report ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

scholarly journals Influence of SST Anomalies on Winter Turbulent Heat Fluxes in the Eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio Confluence Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 9349-9358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusaku Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Turbulent Heat ◽  
Confluence Region ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract Variations in the turbulent heat flux (THF; the sum of the sensible and latent heat fluxes) in the eastern Kuroshio–Oyashio confluence region (EKOCR; 36°–40°N, 155°–160°E) were investigated over a period of 27 consecutive winters (December–February) from 1985/86 to 2011/12. The THF was calculated from a bulk formula using daily variables [surface wind speed, surface air specific humidity, surface air temperature, and sea surface temperature (SST)] of the objectively analyzed air–sea fluxes (OAFlux) dataset and bulk coefficients based on the Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) bulk flux algorithm 3.0. The winter THF over the EKOCR showed low-frequency variations, with larger THF values in the early 2000s and smaller values in the late 1990s and late 2000s. The heat release in the early 2000s was up to ~40% greater than that in the late 1990s and late 2000s. By performing experiments using combinations of daily raw data values and daily climatological data, the relative contributions of SST, surface air specific humidity, surface air temperature, and surface wind speed were quantitatively assessed in determining the THF over the EKOCR. Results showed that SST predominantly determines the THF: large amounts of heat are released during times of positive SST anomalies. By using Argo float (temperature–salinity) profiles of 2003–12 and a satellite altimetry dataset of 1992–2012, it was found that the warm–salty water transported by an occurrence of the Kuroshio bifurcation was responsible for the generation of positive SST anomalies in the EKOCR.

scholarly journals Observing Local-Scale Variability of Near-Surface Temperature and Humidity Using a Wireless Sensor Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Lengfeld ◽  
Felix Ament
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sensor Network ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Single Station

AbstractIn this paper the influence of surface type, wind speed, and other environmental conditions on near-surface air temperature, specific humidity, and surface temperature is studied. A wireless sensor network consisting of 13 low-cost meteorological stations was set up as a 2.3-km-long double transect in western Germany during the Fluxes and Patterns in the Soil–Vegetation–Atmosphere Scheme (FLUXPAT2009) campaign. This deployment covered various surface types, including a small river. It was found that the air temperature was mainly influenced by the distance to the river and that its variability is controlled by the wind speed. During the night, a pool of cold air formed in the valley close to the water. The specific humidity is also governed by proximity to the river, especially during the night and for low wind speeds. In contrast, the differences in surface temperature were caused by different land cover. These results can be confirmed by a cluster analysis. Setting up 13 stations in a relatively small area is not always feasible. In this study, an estimation of the error that is made by considering the effect of a reduced number of stations is given. Use of only a single station results in an error of 0.86 K in air temperature, 0.67 g kg−1 in specific humidity, and 1.4 K in surface temperature.

scholarly journals Correlation and Causation Analysis Between COVID-19 and Environmental Factors in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuofang Zheng ◽  
Junxia Dou ◽  
Conglan Cheng ◽  
Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Climate Impact ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Causation Analysis

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is seriously threatening and altering human society. Although prevention and control measures play an important role in preventing the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, signals of climate impact can still be detected globally. In this paper, the data of 265 cities in China were analyzed. The results show that the correlations between COVID-19 and air quality index (AQI) and PM2.5 concentration were very weak and that the correlations between COVID-19 and meteorological factors were significantly different in different climate backgrounds. So, a fixed model is not enough to describe the correlations. Overall, high humidity, low wind speed, and relatively lower air temperature are conducive to the spread of COVID-19. The climate background suitable for the spread of COVID-19 in China is air temperature 0~15°C, specific humidity <3 g kg−1, and wind speed <3 m s−1. The Granger causality test shows that there is a causal relationship between daily average air temperature and the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in some cities of China, and air temperature is indicative of the number of confirmed cases the next day. However, this phenomenon is not universal due to regional climate differences.

scholarly journals Outdoor thermal performance simulation in campus area during the dry season, Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Hasti Widyasamratri ◽  
Arif Kusumawanto ◽  
Fadhilla Tri Nugrahaini
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Significant Area

The outdoor thermal performance reflects the microclimate condition in any significant area. This study simulated the thermal performance with measured and modeled three meteorological parameters, air temperature (Ta), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed in the dry season tropical city. The research focused on thermal performance simulation and distribution, here, we were neglecting anthropogenic activities as the heat source. The result showed that there were different ranges between a measured and simulated value of Ta, RH, and wind speed. The highest Ta difference between measure and simulation occurred at 11 AM, which was 1.97⸰C. The highest difference of RH occurred at 13 PM (26.75%), and the highest different of wind speed was at 11 AM (0.37 m/s) respectively. The heat distribution in the focus area was influenced by the solar direction which impacted the ground and near-surface air temperature.  

scholarly journals Relationships between Vertical Temperature Gradients and PM10 Concentrations during Selected Weather Conditions in Upper Silesia (Southern Poland)

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ewa Bożena Łupikasza ◽  
Tadeusz Niedźwiedź
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Southern Poland

This paper studies surface air temperature inversions and their impact on air pollution under the background of meteorological conditions in southern Poland. The relationship of temperature gradients and air quality classes with weather conditions in the most urbanized and polluted part of Poland as represented by the Upper Silesia region (USR) within the administrative boundaries of the Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolis (GZM) is presented. Based on probability analysis this study hierarchized the role of the selected weather elements in the development of surface-based temperature inversion (SBI) and air quality (AQ). The thresholds of weather elements for a rapid increase in the probability of oppressive air pollution episodes were distinguished. Although most SBI occurred in summer winter SBIs were of great importance. In that season a bad air quality occurred during >70% of strong inversions and >50% of moderate inversions. Air temperature more strongly triggered AQ than SBI development. Wind speed was critical for SBI and significant for AQ development. A low cloudiness favored SBI occurrence altered air quality in winter and spring during SBI and favored very bad AQ5 (>180 µg/m3) occurrence. The probability of high air pollution enhanced by SBI rapidly increased in winter when the air temperature dropped below −6 °C the wind speed decreased below 1.5 m/s and the sky was cloudless. Changes in the relative humidity did not induce rapid changes in the occurrence of bad AQ events during SBI

scholarly journals Multiparameter Spatiotemporal Anomalies with Some of the Strong Earthquakes (M > 6:0) in 2018 around the World

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Rasul
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Specific Humidity ◽  
Negative Anomaly ◽  
Positive Anomaly ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

One of the most destructive natural disasters is the earthquake which brings enormous risks to humankind. The objective of the current study was to determine the Earthquake’s remote sensing multiparameter (i.e. land surface temperature (LST), air temperature, specific humidity, precipitation and wind speed) spatiotemporal anomaly of many earthquake samples occurred during 2018 around the world. In this research 11 earthquake (M > 6:0) studied (4 samples selected in a land with transparent sky situations, 3 samples in land within cloudy situations and 4 samples in marine earthquakes). The interquartile range (IQR) and mean ± 2σ methods utilized to improve the efficiency of anomalous differences. As a result, based on the IQR method, negative anomaly before the event detected during the daytime in Mexico and during the nighttime in Afghanistan. In addition, a negative outlier of brightness temperature (BT) detected in Alaska before, after and during the event. In contrast, based on IQR and mean ± 2σ positive anomaly detected in precipitation before and after the event in all investigated examples. According to mean ± 2σ, negative anomaly LST, specific humidity, sea surface temperature (SST_100) and wind detected in most examined earthquake samples. In contrast, positive SST_0 anomaly observed in Fiji and Honduras after the earthquake. Our results suggested in marine earthquakes, for earthquake forecasting we can merge a prior negative anomaly in the wind speed and SST_100. Regarding the in land cloudy sky earthquakes, merging anomaly parameters could be the negative prior anomaly in BT, skin temperature, in contrast, a positive anomaly in precipitation. In land transparent sky earthquake, usually negative prior anomalies in air temperature, specific humidity and LST.

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