Weed Control in Christmas Trees with Flumioxazin and Other Residual Herbicides Applied Alone or in Tank Mixtures

Four studies were conducted from 2001 to 2004 in Michigan to determine Christmas tree tolerance and weed control with flumioxazin and other herbicide treatments. In Study 1, fraser fir (Abies fraseri) leader length was greater with fall-applied flumioxazin (0.38 lb/acre) than with halosulfuron (0.21 lb/acre), isoxaben (1 lb/acre), oxyfluorfen (1 lb/acre), simazine (2 lb/acre), or sulfentrazone (0.5 lb/acre). Flumioxazin applied in the fall provided preemergent control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), field violet (Viola arvensis), and hoary alyssum (Berteroa incana) 79% to 98% the following summer. Preemergence weed control with the other herbicides was more variable. In Study 2, fraser fir treated in the spring with oxyfluorfen had the shortest leader length (terminal stem growth of the current growing season) at 4.3 inches. Trees treated in the spring with flumioxazin, isoxaben, simazine, and sulfentrazone had leader lengths of 6.7 to 8.7 inches. Flumioxazin applied preemergence in the spring controlled common ragweed 80%, but controlled field violet, hoary alyssum, and white campion (Silene alba) only 43% to 64%. In Study 3, fall-applied flumioxazin alone did not injure colorado blue spruce (Picea pungens). However, mixtures of flumioxazin plus pendimethalin (3 lb/acre) caused 5% and 6% tree injury at 6 months after treatment (MAT) and sulfentrazone plus pendimethalin caused 9% and 23% injury at 6 MAT in 2003 and 2004, and 52% injury at 9 MAT in 2004. There was no significant injury to the trees treated with isoxaben plus pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen plus pendimethalin, or simazine plus pendimethalin in 2003 and 2004. Leader length was reduced by sulfentrazone plus pendimethalin compared with flumioxazin plus pendimethalin and oxyfluorfen plus pendimethalin. Flumioxazin plus pendimethalin provided 84% to 88% preemergence control of annual grasses, common catsear (Hypochoeris radicata), horseweed (Conyza canadensis), and virginia pepperweed (Lepidium virginicum). In Study 4, spring-applied mixtures of flumioxazin plus pendimethalin resulted in minor (2%–10%) visual injury to colorado blue spruce, although leader length at the end of the season did not differ significantly from the control. In summary, flumioxazin controlled several weed species with acceptable selectivity in colorado blue spruce and fraser fir Christmas trees.

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Influence of Crop Canopy, Weed Maturity, and Rainfall on Acifluorfen Activity

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s004317450005877x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ronald L. Ritter ◽

Harold D. Coble

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Simulated Rainfall ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Control Efficiency ◽

Weed Control Efficiency ◽

Excellent Control ◽

Plant Emergence

In greenhouse studies, control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL. ♯ AMBEL) and common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. ♯ XANPE) was achieved whether or not soybeans [Glycine maxL. (Merr.) ‘Ransom’] partially shielded the weeds from foliar applications of acifluorfen {5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2-nitrobenzoic acid}. Excellent control (> 90%) of common ragweed was obtained in the greenhouse 2 and 4 weeks after plant emergence. Best control (> 90%) of common cocklebur was obtained 2 weeks after plant emergence. A simulated rainfall of 0.6 cm occurring 1 min after acifluorfen application did not decrease control or fresh weight of common ragweed in greenhouse studies. The weed control efficiency of acifluorfen on common cocklebur was reduced when the herbicide was applied intermittently within 6 h of the 0.6-cm simulated rainfall. The weed control efficiency of acifluorfen on both weed species was also reduced when the herbicide was applied intermittently within 6 to 12 h of a 1.3-cm simulated rainfall in greenhouse studies. In field studies, 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall within 12 to 24 h after acifluorfen application reduced control of common ragweed.

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Growth and Physiology of Newly Planted Fraser Fir (Abies fraseri) and Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Christmas Trees in Response to Mulch and Irrigation

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.44.3.660 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 660-665 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bert M. Cregg ◽

Pascal Nzokou ◽

Ron Goldy

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Production Systems ◽

Wood Chip ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Fraser Fir ◽

Blue Spruce ◽

Christmas Trees ◽

Plant Moisture ◽

Hand Weeding

We evaluated height growth, diameter growth, and survival of newly planted fraser fir and colorado blue spruce Christmas trees in southwest Michigan in response to mulch, weed control, and irrigation. Mulches included black polyethylene, white polyethylene, VisPore mulch mats, and wood chips. Seedlings were also established with or without raised beds and with or without complete weed control. Weed control (mulches or a combination of chemical weed control and hand weeding) improved survival and growth of both species after 2 years. Growth was similar for trees in irrigated plots or with wood chip mulch without irrigation. Polyethylene mulch increased growth compared with similar production systems with raised beds and bare ground. Among production systems, variation in growth and survival reflected patterns of predawn water potential and midday shoot gas exchange, suggesting that differences were largely related to plant moisture stress. White mulch improved growth relative to similar production systems with black mulch and wood chip mulch improved growth compared with similar production systems without irrigation. Overall, the ranking of magnitude of growth response effects were weed control > irrigation > mulch. These results underscore the importance of weed control for establishment and maintenance of high-quality Christmas tree plantations.

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Responses of Ten Weed Species to Microwave Radiation Exposure as Affected by Plant Size1

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-36.1.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Aman Rana ◽

Jeffrey F. Derr

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Microwave Radiation ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Cyperus Esculentus ◽

Weed Species ◽

Convolvulus Arvensis ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Ipomoea Lacunosa ◽

Yellow Nutsedge ◽

Pitted Morningglory

Abstract There is interest in alternative weed control methods to herbicide use, especially among those interested in organic approaches. The use of microwave radiation as a weed control method appears to be a good alternative because it does not produce chemical residues in the environment. A study was conducted to determine the impact of plant age on weed control using microwave radiation. Ten weed species, representing monocots and dicots, were selected for this study: southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler), dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), false green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima Miquel), fragrant flatsedge (Cyperus odoratus L.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.), henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). In general, weed species become more tolerant of microwave treatments as they increased in size, as 8 to 10 week-old plants were injured less than 4 to 6 week-old plants. Most grass species regrew when treated at 90 and 180 joules.cm−2 of microwave radiation. Pitted morningglory and common ragweed showed the highest susceptibility to microwave radiation among all treated weed species. The increase in a weed's biomass over time probably increases the amount of microwave radiation necessary for heating samples to the thermal threshold required for control. Index words: Nonchemical control, microwave, weed age, weed maturity, thermal weed control. Species used in this study: southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler); dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.); false green kyllinga (Kyllinga gracillima Miquel); fragrant flatsedge (Cyperus odoratus L.); yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.); common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.); white clover (Trifolium repens L.); pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa L.); henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.); field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.).

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Efficiency of glyphosate and ammonium glufosinate against common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) in vineyards

Horticulture and viticulture ◽

10.31676/0235-2591-2019-4-45-50 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

A. S. Golubev ◽

I. P. Borushko ◽

V. I. Dolzhenko

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Method ◽

Application Rate ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Glufosinate Ammonium ◽

Ammonium Glufosinate ◽

Effi Ciency ◽

Krasnodar Region

The use of glyphosate (720-2880 g/h a.i.) and ammonium glufosinate herbicides (375-1500 g/h a.i.) to control of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) has been studied in trials (2013-2018) in the vineyards of Rkatsiteli, Liang and Cabernet Sauvignon in Abinsk district of Krasnodar region. Accounting of weeds was done by a quantitative method with counting the number of each weed species in each plot. Counts were performed before the treatment and in 15, 30 and 45 days after spraying. The effi cacy of herbicide was determined in relation to the untreated control and expressed as a percentage. The main evaluation criterion was the eff ectiveness of 100 % in one of the accounts or the average (for all counts) effi ciency of more than 90 %. The results showed that in 95 % of trials spraying of 1440 g/h of glyphosate 1440 g/h of glyphosate (a.i.) and higher ensured processing effi ciency exceeding 90 %. Herbicides such as Roundup, containing 360 g/l of isopropylamine salt, can be recommended for use to control of common ragweed in the application rate 4.0 l/ha. Destruction of all common ragweed observed when using not less than 600 g/h glufosinate ammonium. Thus, Herbicides such as Basta, containing 150 g/l of ammonium glufosinate, to control of common ragweed should be applied by fractional application vegetative weeds (2.5 l/h + 1.5 l/h).

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Weed Management with Glyphosate- and Glufosinate-Based Systems in PHY 485 WRF Cotton

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00008.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 183-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Jared R. Whitaker ◽

Alan C. York ◽

David L. Jordan ◽

A. Stanley Culpepper

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Fiber Quality ◽

Palmer Amaranth ◽

Weed Species ◽

Crop Tolerance ◽

The North ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Resistance Trait ◽

Cotton Belt

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Palmer amaranth has become a serious pest in parts of the Cotton Belt. Some GR cotton cultivars also contain the WideStrike™ insect resistance trait, which confers tolerance to glufosinate. Use of glufosinate-based management systems in such cultivars could be an option for managing GR Palmer amaranth. The objective of this study was to evaluate crop tolerance and weed control with glyphosate-based and glufosinate-based systems in PHY 485 WRF cotton. The North Carolina field experiment compared glyphosate and glufosinate alone and in mixtures applied twice before four- to six-leaf cotton. Additional treatments included glyphosate and glufosinate mixed withS-metolachlor or pyrithiobac applied to one- to two-leaf cotton followed by glyphosate or glufosinate alone on four- to six-leaf cotton. All treatments received a residual lay-by application. Excellent weed control was observed from all treatments on most weed species. Glyphosate was more effective than glufosinate on glyphosate-susceptible (GS) Palmer amaranth and annual grasses, while glufosinate was more effective on GR Palmer amaranth. Annual grass and GS Palmer amaranth control by glyphosate plus glufosinate was often less than control by glyphosate alone but similar to or greater than control by glufosinate alone, while mixtures were more effective than either herbicide alone on GR Palmer amaranth. Glufosinate caused minor and transient injury to the crop, but no differences in cotton yield or fiber quality were noted. This research demonstrates glufosinate can be applied early in the season to PHY 485 WRF cotton without concern for significant adverse effects on the crop. Although glufosinate is often less effective than glyphosate on GS Palmer amaranth, GR Palmer amaranth can be controlled with well-timed applications of glufosinate. Use of glufosinate in cultivars with the WideStrike trait could fill a significant void in current weed management programs for GR Palmer amaranth in cotton.

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Tolpyralate Efficacy: Part 2. Comparison of Three Group 27 Herbicides Applied POST for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Corn

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.81 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 707-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brendan A. Metzger ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Alan J. Raeder ◽

David C. Hooker ◽

Darren E. Robinson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Weed Control ◽

Biologically Effective Dose ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Percentage Points ◽

Green Foxtail

AbstractTolpyralate is a new Group 27 pyrazolone herbicide that inhibits the 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase enzyme. In a study of the biologically effective dose of tolpyralate from 2015 to 2017 in Ontario, Canada, tolpyralate exhibited efficacy on a broader range of species when co-applied with atrazine; however, there is limited published information on the efficacy of tolpyralate and tolpyralate+atrazine relative to mesotrione and topramezone, applied POST with atrazine at label rates, for control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds. In this study, tolpyralate applied alone at 30 g ai ha−1 provided >90% control of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf, common ragweed, Powell amaranth/redroot pigweed, and green foxtail at 8 weeks after application (WAA). Addition of atrazine was required to achieve >90% control of wild mustard, ladysthumb, and barnyardgrass at 8 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine (30+1,000 g ai ha−1) and topramezone+atrazine (12.5+500 g ai ha−1) provided similar control at 8 WAA of the eight weed species in this study; however, tolpyralate+atrazine provided >90% control of green foxtail by 1 WAA. Tolpyralate+atrazine provided 18, 68, and 67 percentage points better control of common ragweed, green foxtail, and barnyardgrass, respectively, than mesotrione+atrazine (100+280 g ai ha−1) at 8 WAA. Overall, tolpyralate+atrazine applied POST provided equivalent or improved control of annual grass and broadleaf weeds compared with mesotrione+atrazine and topramezone+atrazine.

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Utility of Clomazone for Annual Grass and Broadleaf Weed Control in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00039142 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 23-27 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

David L. Jordan ◽

John W. Wilcut ◽

Leslie D. Fortner

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Systems Approach ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Prickly Sida ◽

Better Than ◽

Large Crabgrass

Field experiments conducted in 1988 and 1989 evaluated clomazone alone and in a systems approach for weed control in peanut. Clomazone PPI at 0.8 kg ai/ha controlled common ragweed, prickly sida, spurred anoda, and tropic croton better than ethalfluralin and/or metolachlor applied PPI. POST application of acifluorfen plus bentazon was not needed to control these weeds when clomazone was used. Acifluorfen plus bentazon improved control of these weeds when clomazone was not used and generally were necessary to obtain peanut yields regardless of the soil-applied herbicides. Alachlor PRE did not improve clomazone control of any weed species evaluated. Fall panicum and large crabgrass control was similar with clomazone or clomazone plus ethalfluralin.

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Weed control in soybean using pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps-2015-114 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1199-1204 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kimberly D. Belfry ◽

Kristen E. McNaughton ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Industry Standard ◽

Control Option ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Glycine Max L

Belfry, K. D., McNaughton, K. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2015. Weed control in soybean using pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1199–1204. Pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone are new herbicides currently being evaluated for weed control in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in Ontario, Canada. Seven experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period (2011 to 2013) at Ridgetown and Exeter, Ontario, to evaluate weed management using pyroxasulfone, sulfentrazone and their tank-mixes relative to the industry standard, imazethapyr plus metribuzin. Tank-mixing pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone provided up to 97, 46, 60, 100 and 71% control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), green foxtail [Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.], Powell amaranth [Amaranthus powellii (S.) Wats.] and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.), respectively, at 2 wk after treatment. Control with pyroxasulfone and sulfentrazone was improved when tank-mixed, relative to application of each herbicide separately. Although control was variable across weed species, no difference in control was identified between pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone and imazethapyr plus metribuzin. Soybean yield was up to 2.7, 2.4 and 2.9 t ha−1 for pyroxasulfone, sulfentrazone and pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone application, yet imazethapyr plus metribuzin provided the highest yield (3.3 t ha−1). This research demonstrates that pyroxasulfone plus sulfentrazone may be used as a valuable weed control option in soybean; however, weed community composition may limit herbicidal utility.

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Environmental Impact of Glyphosate-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Weed Science ◽

10.1614/ws-d-13-00093.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 385-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hugh J. Beckie ◽

Peter H. Sikkema ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Robert E. Blackshaw ◽

Eric N. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Environmental Impact ◽

Weed Control ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Application Rate ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Relative Potential ◽

Synthase Inhibitor

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed, horseweed, and common ragweed were confirmed in southwestern Ontario, Canada in 2008, 2010, and 2011, respectively. In the western prairie provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan, GR (plus acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant) kochia was discovered in 2011. This symposium paper estimates the environmental impact (EI) of the top herbicide treatments or programs used to manage these GR weed species in the major field crops grown in each region. For each herbicide treatment, EI (per ha basis) was calculated as the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), which quantifies the relative potential risk of pesticide active ingredients on human and ecological health based on risk components to farm workers, consumers, and the environment, multiplied by the application rate (kg ai ha−1). Total EI is defined as EI (per ha basis) multiplied by the application area (i.e., land area affected by a GR weed). It was assumed that all herbicide treatments would supplement the continued usage of glyphosate because of its broad spectrum weed control. For the control of these GR weeds, most treatments contain auxinic or protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides. The majority of auxinic herbicide treatments result in low (EI ≤ 10) to moderate (11 to 20) EI, whereas all treatments of PPO inhibitors have low EI. Total EI of GR horseweed and kochia will generally be greater than that of giant or common ragweed because of rapid seed dispersal. For recommended herbicide treatments to control GR weeds (and herbicide-resistant weeds in general), EI data should be routinely included with cost and site of action in weed control extension publications and software, so that growers have the information needed to assess the EI of their actions.

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Influence of Increasing Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) or Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Densities on Forage Nutritive Value and Yield in Tall Fescue Pastures and Hay Fields

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-10-00114.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 222-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kristin K. Rosenbaum ◽

K. W. Bradley ◽

Craig A. Roberts

Keyword(s):

Tall Fescue ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Total Yield ◽

Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Weed Species ◽

Common Ragweed ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Biomass Yields

Separate field trials were conducted in 2007 and 2008 to investigate the effects of increasing densities of common ragweed or common cocklebur on total yield and forage nutritive values in tall fescue pastures. Common ragweed densities ranged from 0 to 188 plants m−2, and common cocklebur densities ranged from 0 to 134 plants m−2. Total biomass yields (weeds plus tall fescue) were determined in response to each weed density and species; pure samples of tall fescue, common ragweed, or common cocklebur were also hand collected from each plot at the time of the total biomass harvest. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to predict crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of the total harvested biomass, pure tall fescue, and pure weed species in each plot. Results indicate that biomass yields may increase by as much as 5 kg ha−1with each additional common ragweed plant m−2within a tall fescue stand. Additionally, CP concentration of the total harvested biomass, pure weed species, and tall fescue decreased by 0.2 to 0.4 g kg−1with each additional increase in common ragweed or common cocklebur plant per m−2. As weed densities increased, IVTD of pure tall fescue samples increased only minimally (0.04%), regardless of the weed species. An increase in common ragweed density also resulted in the CP concentration of pure samples of common ragweed to decrease by 0.2 g kg−1for each additional plant per m2and by 0.4 g kg−1for each additional common cocklebur per m2. Overall, results from these experiments indicate that plant biomass yield and nutritive values of the total harvested biomass are only marginally influenced by increasing common ragweed or common cocklebur densities.

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