scholarly journals Strawberry Cultivar Injury After Two Contrasting Minnesota Winters

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengrui Yao ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
David K. Wildung
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

As part of our hardy strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) breeding program, winter hardiness of 15 strawberry cultivars was evaluated in the field after Winter 2005–2006 and a test Winter 2006–2007 with no snow cover at Grand Rapids, MN. After the snow-covered Winter 2005–2006, plant stand (percent leaf coverage for the designated area for each plot) increased for all cultivars in the mulched treatment and some cultivars in the unmulched treatment with slight decreases only for several cultivars in the unmulched treatment. However, after Winter 2006–2007, the plant stands of all cultivars drastically decreased in both mulched and unmulched treatments. ‘Clancy’, ‘Evangeline’, and ‘L'Amour’ were the three most sensitive cultivars among the 15 cultivars tested. ‘Kent’, ‘Mesabi™’, ‘Cavendish’, and ‘Brunswick’ were the highest yielding cultivars for both 2006 and 2007 in the mulched treatment. In the unmulched treatment, ‘Brunswick’, ‘Mesabi™ ’, ‘Cavendish’, ‘Sable’, and ‘Kent’ were the top yielding cultivars after Winter 2006–2007. During Winter 2005–2006, with 20 to 30 cm snow cover throughout the season, the 5- and 10-cm soil temperatures remained constant at ≈30 to 31.5 °F in both mulched and unmulched treatments. In contrast, during Winter 2006–2007, there were 16 and 24 days (consecutive) in February below 18 °F at 5-cm soil depths for mulched and unmulched treatments, respectively, which probably led to the severe winter damage. Although straw mulch afforded the plants some protection, snow cover is critical to the survival of strawberries in northern Minnesota and other areas with similar weather conditions.

The Influence of Date of Oviposition and Climatic Conditions on Hatching of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pickford
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Dry Soil

AbstractField and laboratory hatching experiments were conducted from 1960 through 1963 with eggs of Camnula pellucida (Scudder) laid in field cages and collected at fortnightly intervals. Before freeze-up, embryonic development usually reached prediapause level in all eggs laid before the middle of August; these eggs were the first to hatch when incubated in the laboratory or when left in the soil outdoors. Eggs laid later than mid-August showed progressively less embryonic development and consequently hatched later. Viability was highest in eggs laid during the latter half of August; those laid early in the season often suffered from desiccation because of their long exposure to dry soil conditions; those laid towards the end of the season showed declining viability caused, apparently, by low temperatures. The percentage hatch was relatively high in eggs laid before the end of August but declined progressively thereafter; those laid in October rarely hatched. Seasonal hatching patterns were largely dependent upon weather conditions; such patterns were rapidly completed when an extended period of hot, dry weather continued through the hatching period, but often extended intermittently over a month or more when weather was unsettled. The typical diurnal hatching pattern, which also closely followed the temperature regime, commenced in the morning at 0900–1000 hours as soil temperatures exceeded 65°F., rising to a peak about 1100–1200 hours when temperatures reached 85°F., and then generally declined during the afternoon. However, during rapidly changing weather conditions hatching frequently started and stopped as skies cleared and again clouded over. Winter kill occasionally may be an important factor in reducing populations, especially when snow cover is removed by a mid-winter thaw and sub-zero temperatures follow.

Evaluation of row covers for overwintering of strawberries under prairie conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Turner ◽  
K. K. Tanino ◽  
C. Stushnoff
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Plant Survival ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Fall Application ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Plant survival, bloom response and fruit yield following fall application of a plastic row cover, plastic row cover covered with barley straw, conventional straw, and no cover were compared for two strawberry cultivars, Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Bounty and Hecker. Response was highly dependent on weather conditions. Plastic row cover + barley straw provided the best protection in winters with below-normal temperatures and low snowfall, resulting in the highest yields. Plastic row cover advanced blooming dates of both cultivars by at least 6 d over conventional straw mulch. With proper protection, both the day-neutral and June-bearing cultivars tested in this study appear to be viable for commercial production in Saskatchewan.Key words: Strawberries, Fragaria × ananassa Duch., polyethylene row cover, overwintering

The effect of sowing date and season on the development and yield of Navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) in south-east England

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Scarisbrick ◽  
M. K. V. Carr ◽  
J. M. Wilkes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Navy Bean ◽  
Optimum Time ◽  
Navy Beans ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
South East England

SUMMARYThe results of experiments in which Navy beans (cv. Purley King) were precision drilled at the beginning, middle and end of May in 1972, 1973 and 1974 suggest that the optimum time to sow is mid-May when soil temperatures at 10 cm depth have reached 12–13 °C. Earlier sowing usually led to a reduced plant stand and low yields whilst in 1972 and 1974, two exceptionally cool years, later sowing resulted in lower yields following a reduction in 1000-seed weight.Despite contrasting weather conditions acceptable yields of seed were obtained in all 3 years from mid-May sowings although cool wet conditions in the autumn of 1974 curtailed drying of the seeds below 30% moisture content. Accumulated temperatures (Ontario units) were successfully used to predict stages in crop development and the data used to demarcate the areas in England most suitable for Navy-bean production.

Strawberry Cultivar Performance and Susceptibility to Tarnished Plant Bug Injury

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 460d-460
Author(s):  
D.T. Handley ◽  
M.A. Schupp ◽  
J.F. Dill
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Feeding Pressure ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Twelve strawberry cultivars established in matted row plots in 1993 were treated with insecticides for tarnished plant bug or left untreated for the 1994, 1995, and 1996 seasons. `Honeoye', `Cavendish', and `Oka' had the highest yields of marketable fruit. `Jewel', `Chambly', and `Kent' had lower, but acceptable, yields. `Lateglow', `Blomidon', `Seneca, NY1424', `Settler', and `Governor Simcoe' had lower yields than other varieties. Tarnished plant bug populations were very low during the 1994 and 1996 seasons, and thus feeding pressure may have been too low for any differences in susceptibility between varieties to be expressed. In 1995, when tarnished plant bug feeding pressure was greatest, `Oka', `Cavendish', and `Honeoye' had the lowest injury levels. `Kent' and `Lateglow' had the highest levels of injury. Insecticide sprays significantly reduced the percent of injured fruit for most cultivars, but did not significantly increase the weight of marketable fruit harvested. This is due to injury being most prevalent on lower order, and thus smaller, fruit. Cultivars that produced high yields, had low injury levels, and had the least difference between sprayed and unsprayed treatments are most likely to have resistance to tarnished plant bug injury. `Oka', `Cavendish', and `Honeoye' were the most promising cultivars in this regard.

scholarly journals Earthworm Abundance Changes Depending on Soil Management Practices in Slovenian Vineyards

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Stanko Vršič ◽  
Marko Breznik ◽  
Borut Pulko ◽  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
The Impact

Earthworms are key indicators of soil quality and health in vineyards, but research that considers different soil management systems, especially in Slovenian viticultural areas is scarce. In this investigation, the impact of different soil management practices such as permanent green cover, the use of herbicides in row and inter-row areas, use of straw mulch, and shallow soil tillage compared to meadow control for earthworm abundance, were assessed. The biomass and abundance of earthworms (m2) and distribution in various soil layers were quantified for three years. Monitoring and a survey covering 22 May 2014 to 5 October 2016 in seven different sampling dates, along with a soil profile at the depth from 0 to 60 cm, were carried out. Our results showed that the lowest mean abundance and biomass of earthworms in all sampling periods were registered along the herbicide strip (within the rows). The highest abundance was found in the straw mulch and permanent green cover treatments (higher than in the control). On the plots where the herbicide was applied to the complete inter-row area, the abundance of the earthworm community decreased from the beginning to the end of the monitoring period. In contrast, shallow tillage showed a similar trend of declining earthworm abundance, which could indicate a deterioration of soil biodiversity conditions. We concluded that different soil management practices greatly affect the soil’s environmental conditions (temperature and humidity), especially in the upper soil layer (up to 15 cm deep), which affects the abundance of the earthworm community. Our results demonstrated that these practices need to be adapted to the climate and weather conditions, and also to human impacts.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS FOR ANTHROPOGENOUS POLLUTION OF SNOW COVER ON THE TERRITORY OF A MAJOR INDUSTRIAL CENTER UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF POLLUTION’S VARIOUS SOURCES

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Sazonova ◽  
T.K. Ryazanova ◽  
D.S. Tupikova ◽  
T.V. Sudakova ◽  
N.M. Toropova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Snow Water ◽  
Surrounding Areas

The paper presents the comparative studies’ results of the snow cover quality in the intracity districts of Samara and its surrounding areas at a distance of up to 1000 m from the oil refinery during 2017–2018. We have identified a high extent of pollution on a set of indicators caused by anthropo-technogenic influence (the content of hydrocarbons, suspended solids, difficult-to-oxidize organic matter (by chemical oxygen demand), some metals, etc.). Many important sanitary and hygienic indicators (a significant part of hydrocarbons, benzo[a]pyrene) were not found in filtered snow water, but ones were determined in suspended solids. Comparative analysis for the chemical composition of snow cover on the territory close to the oil refinery and on the streets in Samara revealed no significant differences. In this regard, it is possible to assume a significant contribution of motor vehicles to anthropo-technogenic environmental pollution. It is important to take into account that when snow is melting it can be a source of secondary pollution of soil, waste- and groundwater, therefore it is necessary to periodically monitor the snow cover quality as an integral part of monitoring environment state and take measures to prevent adverse effects of human activities (redistribution of traffic flow of transit heavy vehicle, notification of industrial enterprises in order to reduce noxious emissions for the period of forecasting adverse weather conditions).

scholarly journals CHROMOSOME NUMBER AND TIME PERIOD OF MITOTIC CYCLE OF FESTIVAL AND CALIFORNICA STRAWBERRY CULTIVARS (Fragaria x ananassa AND Fragaria vesca)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Ganies Riza Aristya ◽  
Rezika Alyza ◽  
Rosyidatul Khoiroh ◽  
Budi Setiadi Daryono
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Fragaria X Ananassa ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Genomics Research ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

<p>The cultivated strawberries, Fragaria x ananassa and Fragaria vesca, are the most economically-important softfruit species. F x ananassa and F vesca, both diploid (2n=2x=14) relatives of the commercial octoploid strawberry, are an attractive model for functional genomics research in Rosaceae. Its small genome size, short reproductive cycle, and facile vegetative and seed propagation make F. x annassa and F.vesca a promising candidates for forward and reverse genetics experiments. In order to determine their genetic differences in more detail, chromosome characterization of the two strawberry cultivars was investigated. A method used for chromosome slides in this research was a squash method with modification in pre-treatment. The result showed Fragaria x ananassa had (2n = 4x = 28) chromosome number is 28 and Fragaria vesca had (2n = 2x = 14) chromosome number is 14. The time of mitotic that both strawberry cultivars was similar at 7 to 8.30 am. In addition, mixoploid cells were found in both strawberry cultivar indicating that these cultivars had been treated by mutagenic agents for a breeding program.</p><p><br /><strong>Keywords</strong> : Fragaria, chromosome, mitotic</p>

COMPARISON OF OBSERVATIONS AND MACROCLIMATIC MODEL ESTIMATES OF MONTHLY WINTER SOIL TEMPERATURES AT OTTAWA

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. DWYER ◽  
H. N. HAYHOE
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Grass Cover ◽  
Partial Regression ◽  
Soil Temperatures

Estimates of monthly soil temperatures under short-grass cover across Canada using a macroclimatic model (Ouellet 1973a) were compared to monthly averages of soil temperatures monitored over winter at Ottawa between November 1959 and April 1981. Although the fit between monthly estimates and Ottawa observations was generally good (R for all months and depths 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 and 1.50 m was 0.90), it was noted that midwinter estimates were generally below observed temperatures at all soil depths. Data sets used in the development of the original Ouellet (1973a) multiple regression equations were collected from stations across Canada, many of which have reduced snow cover. It was found that the buffering capability of the snow cover accumulated at Ottawa during the winter months was underestimated by the pertinent partial regression coefficients in these equations. The coefficients were therefore modified for the Ottawa station during the winter months. The resultant regression models were used to estimate soil temperature during the winters of 1981–1982 and 1982–1983. Although the Ottawa-based models included fewer variables because of the smaller data base available from a single site, comparisons of model estimates and observations were good (R = 0.84 and 0.91) and midwinter estimates were not consistently underestimated as they were using the original Ouellet (1973a) model. Reliable monthly estimates of soil temperatures are important since they are a necessary input to more detailed predictive models of daily soil temperatures. Key words: Regression model, snowcover, stepwise regression, variable selection

EFFECTS OF PLANT SPACING ON PERFORMANCE OF THE STRAWBERRY CULTIVAR BOUNTY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016
Author(s):  
D. L. CRAIG
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Strawberry Cultivar ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Second Year

Strawberry cv. Bounty was grown for 2 yr in matted rows with plant spacings of two, four and six plants per 0.093 m2, and noncontrolled spacing. In the 1st fruiting yr, yields were lowest from two plants per 0.093 m2 and yields of other spacings did not differ significantly. Second-year yields from the same plots were lowest from the noncontrolled spacing and did not differ significantly for other spacings. The percentage of the marketable crop weighing 7 g or more per fruit ranged from 84.3% from the noncontrolled stand to 93% for two plants per 0.093 m2. Seasonal mean fruit weight was not affected by treatments in 1973. In 1974, fruit from the noncontrolled spacing was significantly smaller than fruit from the other spacings. The data show that optimum marketable yields of 46,629 kg/ha and a seasonal mean weight per fruit of 12 g can be produced by cv. Bounty from a plant stand of six plants per 0.093 m2.

The effect of soil temperature on nodulation of cowpeas (Vigna sinensis)

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 372 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Vigna Sinensis ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Chernozemic Soil ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Soil Temperatures

In two pot experiments at Narrabri, New South Wales, Poona cowpeas (Vigna sinensis) were sown in a black chernozemic soil at 1, 2, and 4 inches, and at 1 1/2 and 4 inches with and without a straw mulch, to give a range of soil temperatures at the depth of sowing. It was found that the higher the soil temperature at sowing depth the lower was the percentage of plants with nodules and the number of nodules per plant.

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