scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF ABSCISIC ACID ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF STAGE III ROOTING ARONIA ARBUTIFOLIA (ROSACEAE)

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137f-1137
Author(s):  
Wilfredo Colon ◽  
Mike Kane ◽  
Dewayne Ingram ◽  
Hilton Biggs
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Differences

Stage 2 micropropagules were transferred into woody plant medium supplemented with either 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 mg/L ABA (Abscisic acid) and with or without 1 mg/L IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), Significant decreases in total dry weight and shoot length were observed at 1, 10 and 100 mg/L of ABA regardless of IBA concentration, Leaf area was significantly reduced in all treatments by increasing ABA levels. In the absence of IBA no callus formed but lateral roots developed. Another experiment using ABA levels of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 0, 1 mg/L IBA was conducted. Total number of roots decreased with increasing ABA levels. Adventitious roots which formed on the stem and roots originating from root primordia were observed in all ABA levels with IBA, Callus did not form in the treatments lacking IBA. Scanning electron microscopy was used to document morphological differences due to ABA, Abscisic acid levels in leaf tissue were assayed using immunological techniques.

scholarly journals Growth of mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks as influenced by pre-sowing treatments

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 582-586
Author(s):  
R. J. Patel ◽  
T. R. Ahlawat ◽  
A. I. Patel ◽  
J. J. Amarcholi ◽  
B. B. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
Total Dry Weight

An experiment was carried out at Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during 2014 to evaluate the effect of pre-sowing treatments on survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks. Mango stones were soaked in aqueous solutions of GA3 (100 and 200 ppm), Beejamruth (2 % and 3 %) and Thiourea (1 % and 2 %) for 12 and 24 hours. The trial was evaluated in Completely Randomized Design based on factorial concept and the treatments were replicated thrice. Imposition of treatments led to significant differences at 5 % level of significance for all parameters chosen in this study. Mango stones when treated with Thiourea at 1 % had the maximum shoot length (49.93 cm), root length (34.38 cm), shoot dry weight (21.08 g) and total dry weight (26.36 g). The highest number of lateral roots (10.90) and survival percentage (64.17) was observed in mango stones dipped in 100 ppm GA3. Between the two soaking duration, soaking mango stones for 24 hours recorded higher values for shoot length (45.03 cm), root length (32.79 cm), number of lateral roots (9.83), survival percentage (62.72), shoot root fresh weight ratio (4.30), shoot dry weight (21.33 g), total dry weight (26.28 g) and shoot root dry weight ratio (4.32). Thus, survival percentage and growth of mango rootstocks can be substantially improved by soaking mango stones in aqueous solutions of 100 ppm GA3 or Thiourea at 1 % for 24 hours before sowing.

Response of abscisic acid mutants of Arabidopsis to salinity

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant R. Cramer
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Increases in abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations in plant tissues correlate with growth inhibition in salt-stressed plants. Therefore, it was hypothesized that Arabidopsis ABA mutants different in, or insensitive to, ABA would respond differently than wild type (wt) to salinity stress. Seeds (wt, abi1-1, abi2-1, abi3-1, and aba1-3) were germinated and grown hydroponically in three separate experiments with different environmental conditions: relative humidity at 80 or 100%, day/night temperatures at 21/18 or 23/20˚C, and light intensity at 125, 200 or 350 μmol photons m–2 s-1. Plants were exposed to salinity (either 0, 40 and 80 mM NaCl or 1, 5, and 9 dS m–1 with a Na/Ca ratio of 10 depending on the experiment) for one to several weeks before harvesting. The effect of salinity on root elongation rates of young seedlings was measured as well. Two-way ANOVA of root elongation rates of young seedlings and the growth of 3-week old plants in hydroponic solutions indicated that salinity inhibited growth, increased ABA and Na concentrations, and reduced K concentrations in all genotypes tested. However, there were no significant interactions with salinity and genotype for root elongation rates, total dry weight, shoot ABA and K concentrations. Shoot Na concentrations were significantly higher in wt plants relative to other genotypes subjected to high salinity stress. aba1-3 had significantly lower ABA concentrations than other genotypes, but the interaction of aba1-3 with salinity was the same as other genotypes. The lack of difference in interaction between genotype and salinity indicates that all genotypes responded in the same manner and amount to salinity for the particular parameter measured. Therefore, it appears that there are no significant differences in growth in response to salinity between the ABA mutants (ABA-deficient and ABA-insensitive) and wt. However, in contrast to the other genotypes, some of the ABA-deficient plants, aba1-3, died when exposed to high salinity and high light intensity. ABA appears to provide a protective role in conditions of high salinity and high light intensity.

scholarly journals PERBANYAKAN AKASIA HIBRIDA (Acacia mangium × Acacia auriculiformis) MELALUI SUBKULTUR BERULANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelnititis Yelnititis ◽  
Sri Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Multiplication ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Acacia Auriculiformis ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Benzyl Adenine ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Woody Plant Medium

In vitro culture is a promising technique for mass propagation of high-value species. Study of propagation for Acacia hybrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) through this technique has been conducted using single node stem from seedlings as explants. Growth medium used was modified Murashige and Skoog (MS), basal medium Woody Plant Medium (WPM), and Gamborg (B5) supplemented. The study was conducted in two stages, namely shoot induction and shoot multiplication. The treatment tested was the Benzyl Adenine (BA) supplementation at the concentration of 0.3; 0.7; and 1.0 mgL-1 of. Observation was conducted on the frequency of shoot induction, number of shoot, shoot length and visual performance of the culture. The result showed that treatment of BA 0.7 mgL-1 on modified MS medium is the best for shoot induction, shoot multiplication and visual performace of the culture. The average of number of shoot was 2.6; 5.0 and 7.7 shoots on the first three consecutive subcultures. Changing to different basal medium on the fourth subculture showed that the treatment of BA 0.7 mgl-1 is the best condition for shoot regeneration (12.60 shoots) and shoot length (6.97 cm). The culture from this treatment showed the best visual morphological performance.Keywords:Acacia hybrid; multiplication; subculture; in vitro; BA. ABSTRAKKultur in vitro merupakan suatu teknik yang menjanjikan untuk perbanyakan massal spesies-tanaman bernilai tinggi. Penelitian perbanyakan akasia hibrid (A. mangium x A. auriculiformis) melalui kulturin vitro telah dilakukan dengan menggunakan eksplan berupa batang satu buku yang berasal dari anakan. Media tumbuh yang digunakan adalah media dasar Murashige dan Skoog (MS) yang sudah dimodifikasi, media dasar Woody Plant Medium (WPM), dan Gamborg (B5). Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu induksi tunas dan perbanyakan tunas. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah penggunaan Benzyl Adenine (BA) dengan konsentrasi 0,3; 0,7 dan 1,0 mg L-1. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap waktu induksi tunas, jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas dan penampilan biakan secara visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan BA 0,7 mg L-1 pada media MS modifikasi merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk induksi tunas, perbanyakan tunas, tinggi tunas, dan kondisi biakan secara visual. Jumlah rata-rata tunas yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan ini adalah 2,6; 5,0 dan 7,7 tunas pada subkultur pertama, kedua dan ketiga. Pada penggunaan media dasar berbeda pada subkultur keempat menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan BA 0,7 mg L-1 merupakan perlakuan terbaik dengan jumlah tunas sebanyak 12,60 tunas dan rata-rata tinggi tunas 6,97 cm. Biakan yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan tersebut mempunyai penampilan yang baik dan normal.

scholarly journals Sucrose-Enzyme Relationships in Immature Sugarcane as Affected by Varying Levels of Nitrate and Potassium Supplied in Sand Culture

1969 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-231
Author(s):  
Alex G. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Sugar Metabolism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Water Soluble Protein ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Immature sugarcane plants grown in sand culture were subjected to conditions of potassium and nitrate stress in order that abnormal carbohydrate levels would be induced. The objective was to learn what areas of sugar metabolism were involved in the degradation of sucrose. The methods centered upon leaf enzymes, of which the following were identified and measured: Amylase, invertase, hexokinase, acid phosphatases, phosphorylase, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase, triose phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglyceryl kinase, pyruvic carboxylase, condensing enzyme, α-ketoglutaric carboxylase, isocitric dehydrogenase, cytochrome-C reductase, fumarase, transaminase, oxalacetic carboxylase, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase. The enzyme preparations consisted of dialyzed water-soluble protein extracted from freeze-dried leaf tissue and precipitated with ammonium sulfate between 32- and 95-percent saturation. Sugar determinations for leaf and sheath tissue included total ketoses, sucrose, fructose, total reducing sugars, and glucose. Sheath-percent-moisture, total dry weight, and leaf protein were also measured. Treatments were applied from 9 weeks to 27 weeks of age and a total of seven harvests were made at 21-day intervals.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MEDIA CULTURES AND BENZYLADENINE (BA) CONCENTRATIONS IN MICROPROPAGATION OF THREE TYPES OF CHERRY ROOTSTOCK (ESTABLISHMENT AND MULTIPLICATION)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bani & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Nodal Segment ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
All Treatment

This expereament was carried out in plant tissue culture laboratory of the Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Duhok, Iraq, during 2014, using two types of explants (Shoot tips and nod segments) in the establishment stage. The highest percentage of shoot /explant (100%) was obtained from Stockton Morello rootstock on both media, while 96.88% was recorded with WPM (Woody plant medium) from nodal segment in F12/1 Mazzard and (87.5%) was observed from shoot tip in Mohaleb. While the highest shoot number with three rootstocks (24.50, 24.38 and 22.25 shoot /explant) with Stockton Morello, F12/1 Mazzard and Mahaleb respectively, were recorded from nodal segment with WPM. While the lowest number of shoots (19.63 shoots /explant) was formed when the shoot tips were cultured on MS medium. At the multiplication stage, the maximum number of shoot per explant (9.50 and 9.17 shoots /explant) in Stockton Morello rootstock was recorded with WPM and MS medium provided with 3mg l-1 BA. The interaction of Stockton Morello with WPM and MS medium having 1.5 mg l-1 BA produced an average of shoot length (3.58 and 3.52 cm) and the increased of shoot length was significantly compared with all treatment without the treatment in combination of Stockton Morello rootstock in WPM medium supplemented with 3 mg l-1 BA. Also the highest length of shoot per explant with three rootstocks 3.58 and 2.98 cm in Stockton Morello and F12/1 Maazard were recorded in WPM having 1.5mg l-1 BA and in Mahaleb rootstock (2.92 cm) was recorded on MS medium containing 1.5mg l-1 BA.

Container- and nursery-grown black oak seedlings inoculated with Pisolithustinctorius: growth and ectomycorrhizal development during seedling production period

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Dixon ◽  
G. M. Wright ◽  
H. E. Garrett ◽  
G. S. Cox ◽  
P. S. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Production Period ◽  
Black Oak ◽  
Root Collar ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Vegetative mycelial inoculum of Pisolithustinctorius was used to inoculate black oak (Quercusvelutina Lam.) seedlings grown in containers in a greenhouse and in a fumigated soil in a southern Missouri nursery. Evaluations of seedlings in the greenhouse and the nursery at the end of the first growing season revealed that Pisolithus formed ectomycorrhizae on approximately 40% of the lateral roots. In the nursery, seedling dry weight, shoot length, root collar diameter, and leaf area were significantly greater for inoculated seedlings than for noninoculated control seedlings. For container-grown seedlings, total dry weight, root dry weight, and leaf surface area were significantly increased by inoculation with Pisolithus. These results demonstrate that Pisolithus can be artifically introduced into fumigated nursery soil and sterile growth medium of containers and form ectomycorrhizae on black oak seedlings under greenhouse and nursery conditions.

Effects of salinity on the germination and seedling characteristics of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.]

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 433 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Troyo-Diéguez ◽  
B. Murillo-Amador
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Solutions

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.], a species with wide adaptation in arid and semi-arid zones, is grown from green seeds and pods, and is tolerant to salinity. It is a hardy species capable of developing in soils of low fertility. In this study, the effects of different salinities and different submersion times on the germination and weight of seeds of cowpea treated previously were evaluated. The effect of irrigation with saline solutions on seedling shoot length and dry weight, stem height and dry weight, total dry weight, and leaf area was also studied. The results show that the weight of pre-treated seeds decreases linearly when submersion times were increased. Germination decreased quadratically when submersion times and salinity increased. Seedling total dry weight, leaf area, shoot length and dry weight, stem height and dry weight all decreased quadratically significantly when salinity increased.

scholarly journals The growth and saponin production of Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. (Chinese bellflower) hairy roots cultures maintained in shake flasks and mist bioreactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Urbańska ◽  
Joanna Giebułtowicz ◽  
Olga Olszowska ◽  
Wojciech J. Szypuła
Keyword(s):  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Platycodon Grandiflorum ◽  
Mist Bioreactor ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
Transgenic Hairy Roots ◽  
Shake Flasks

The growth and saponin accumulation were measured in two lines of transgenic hairy roots of <em>Platycodon grandiflorum</em>, Pl 6 and Pl 17, cultured for 8 weeks in 250-ml shake flasks containing 50 ml of hormone-free woody plant medium supplemented with 40 g/l sucrose and in the Pl 17 line cultured for 12 weeks in a 5-l mist bioreactor containing 1.5 l of the same medium. With both methods, the growth of transgenic hairy roots was assessed as both fresh and dry weight and the biomass growth was correlated with the conductivity and sucrose uptake. The accumulation of saponins was measured and compared with that in roots derived from the field cultivation. The saponin concentrations were significantly higher in the two hairy root lines cultured in shake flasks [6.92 g/100 g d.w. (g%) and 5.82 g% in Pl 6 and Pl 17, respectively] and the line cultured in the bioreactor (5.93 g%) than in the roots derived from the field cultivation (4.02 g%). The results suggest that cultures of <em>P. grandiflorum</em> hairy roots may be a valuable source for obtaining saponins.

scholarly journals In Vitro Establishment of ‘Delite’ Rabbiteye Blueberry Microshoots

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Schuchovski ◽  
Luiz Biasi
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Mass Propagation ◽  
Woody Plant Medium ◽  
In Vitro Establishment

Micropropagation is an important technique for clonal mass propagation and a tool for in vitro studies. One of the first steps to overcome in this process is the establishment of new explants in vitro. ‘Delite’ rabbiteye blueberry was cultured in vitro with four cytokinins (zeatin (ZEA), 6-(γ-γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and kinetin (KIN)) at eight concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 µM). Additionally, nine combinations of nitrogen salts were tested, using Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and a modified WPM as the basic medium. ZEA and 2iP showed better responses, but ZEA was superior at lower (2.5 µM) concentrations (89.7% survival, 81.3% shoot formation, 1.3 shoots, 13.8 mm shoot length, 10.0 leaves). BAP and KIN showed very low responses. In the combinations of salts with modified WPM, no differences were observed. However, the original WPM with treatments of 0.5 × NH4NO3 and 1 × Ca(NO3)2, 0.5 × NH4NO3 and 0.5 × Ca(NO3)2, and the modified WPM alone showed the lowest rates of survival and shoot formation and the shortest shoot lengths. The highest shoot lengths were observed in treatments with the original WPM, 1.5 × NH4NO3 and 0.5 × Ca(NO3)2, and 1.5 × NH4NO3 and 1.5 × Ca(NO3)2. This initial study with ‘Delite’ can be the basis for further experiments with different combinations of salts, 2iP, and ZEA.

scholarly journals RESPON PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT ANGSANA (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) TERHADAP MEDIA TUMBUH, PEMOTONGAN AKAR LATERAL DAN PEMBERIAN URIN SAPI Response of Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) Seedling on Growing Media, Lateral Roots Cutting, and Cow’s Urine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Hariadi Saputra ◽  
Yadi Setiadi ◽  
Iwan Hilwan
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Root Cutting ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Nursery is a process in producing good quality seedlings. Seedling quality is determined by physical-physiological quality including woody stem, health, height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf color and compactness of media. The quality of angsana seedlings in this study was observed using some growth media, lateral root cutting, and cow’s urine addition with various concentration and liquid organic fertilizer for 13 weeks. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in split plot with 3 growth mediums, 10 combinations of root-cutting and fertilizing treatment using 9 seedlings per treatment. Parameters observed during this study were seedling height (cm), seedling diameter (mm), total dry weight (g), shoot - root ratio (RPA) and compactness of roots. The results showed the media contain mixture of soil and manure (M2) with root-cutting treatment, addition of 20% cow urine and 5% EM4 (A2) was the best treatment for angsana seedlings with average value of 46.25 cm plant height, 6.09 mm diameter, 7.77 g total dry weight, shoot root ratio 1.89 and compactness of roots including the compact category.Key word : cow’s urine, lateral roots cutting, Pterocarpus indicus Willd., seedling quality.

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