Priming Improves High-temperature Germination of Pansy Seed

The optimum conditions for priming pansy (Viola × wittrockiana) seeds were in aerated osmotic solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG 8000) at – 1.0 MPa for 7 days at 15C. Priming at – 0.8 MPa and 15C caused 8% to 26% of seeds to germinate during 4 to 13 days of priming. Increasing numbers of abnormal seedlings developed when priming was extended beyond 7 days. Final germination percentages were better in laboratory studies at 35C for primed (51%) than nonprimed (10%) seeds. Removal of the mucilage released by the seed with 240 g KOH or 170 g NaOH/liter for 15 or 30 seconds during priming did not affect total germination percentages, but did improve seed handling. Primed seed had higher, faster, and more uniform germination than nonprimed seeds after sowing in growing medium in plant growth chambers or greenhouses.

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Priming Leek Seed for Improved Germination and Emergence at High Temperature

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.10.1077 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1077-1079 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Carlos A. Parera ◽

Daniel J. Cantliffe

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

High Temperature ◽

Seed Germination ◽

High Temperatures ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Coefficient Of Velocity ◽

Peg 8000

`Verina' leek (AIlium porrum L.) seed germination is normally reduced at temperatures > 25C. Leek seeds were primed in aerated solutions (1.5 MPa, 10 days at 15C) of d-mannitol (mannitol), polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG), KNO, and a nonaerated solution of PEG-8000 (PEG). At high temperatures mannitol, PEG, and PEG significantly enhanced germination percentage relative to KNO, or the control. At constant 30C, the mannitol, PEG, and PEG treatments increased final germination almost 10 times and the coefficient of velocity (COV) was improved compared to KNO, and the control. 10 growth chambers with alternating day/night temperatures (38 to 28C or 32 to 22C, 10 to 14 hours, respectively), primed seeds had significantly higher emergence and a larger COV than the control. In a greenhouse study under good conditions for germination, total emergence of primed and nonprimed seeds was similar; however, mannitol, PEG, and PEG led to a significantly higher COV than the control or KNO, treatments. These controlled-environment results demonstrate that priming leek seeds via mannitol, PEG, and PEG may promote early emergence at high temperature and improve stand uniformity for container transplant production.

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Controlled Drought Affects Morphology and Anatomy of Salvia splendens

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.130.5.775 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 130 (5) ◽

pp. 775-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Stephanie E. Burnett ◽

Svoboda V. Pennisi ◽

Paul A. Thomas ◽

Marc W. van Iersel

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Stem Elongation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Vessel Element ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Salvia Splendens ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Peg 8000

Polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) was applied to a soilless growing medium at the concentrations of 0, 15, 20, 30, 42, or 50 g·L-1 to impose controlled drought. Salvia (Salvia splendens F. Sellow. ex Roem & Shult.) seeds were planted in the growing medium to determine if controlled drought affects morphology and anatomy of salvia. Polyethylene glycol decreased emergence percentage and delayed emergence up to 5 days. Stem elongation of salvia treated with the five lowest concentrations was reduced up to 35% (21 days after seeding), and salvia were a maximum of 53% shorter and the canopy was 20% more narrow compared to nontreated seedlings 70 days after seeding. These morphological changes were attributed to PEG-8000 mediated reduction in leaf water potential (Ψw). The growing medium Ψw ranged from -0.29 to -0.85 MPa in PEG-8000 treated plants, and plant height was positively correlated with Ψw 21 days after seeding. Stem diameter of PEG-treated seedlings was reduced up to 0.4 mm mainly due to reductions in vascular cross-sectional area. Xylem cross-sectional area decreased more than stem and phloem cross-sectional area. Polyethylene glycol 8000 reduced vessel element number, but not diameter.

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Growth of Honey Locust Seedlings during High Root-zone Temperature and Osmotic Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.10.1312 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1312-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

William R. Graves ◽

Lorna C. Wilkins

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

High Temperature ◽

Root Zone ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Root Zone Temperature ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Honey Locust ◽

Effects Of Temperature ◽

Peg 8000 ◽

Zone Temperature

Growth of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Willd.) seedlings was studied during exposure to reduced osmotic potential (ψπ) and high temperature in the root zone. Half-sib plants were cultured in solution. Root-zone temperature was increased from ambient (23C) to 35C for 0, 6, 12, or 24 hours·day -l. Within each temperature treatment, solution ψπ of -0.05, – 0.10, and – 0.20 MPa were maintained by additions of polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000. Root and shoot dry weights decreased with increasing exposure to 35C among seedlings in -0.05-MPa solution and decreased for seedlings in - 0.10- and - 0.20-MPa solutions in all temperature regimes. Growth of epicotyls displayed similar trends, but epicotyls of plants in -0.20-MPa solution were longest with 6 hours·day-l at 35C. Significant interactions between effects of temperature and osmotic regimes indicated that water-stressed honey locust seedlings are relatively insensitive to elevated root-zone temperatures. However, related studies showed that PEG caused reductions in growth that could not be explained by decreases in ψπ and suggested that responses of honey locust to PEG differed from those when drought was imposed by withholding irrigation in an aggregate medium.

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Medium-incorporated PEG-8000 Reduces Elongation, Growth, and Whole-canopy Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Marigold

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.1.124 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stephanie E. Burnett ◽

Marc W. van Iersel ◽

Paul A. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Dark Respiration ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Peg 8000

French marigold (Tagetes patula L. `Boy Orange') was grown in a peat-based growing medium containing different rates (0, 15, 20, 30, 42, or 50 g·L–1) of polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) to determine if PEG-8000 would reduce seedling height. Only 28% to 55% of seedlings treated with 62, 72, or 83 g·L–1 of PEG-8000 survived, and these treatments would be commercially unacceptable. Marigolds treated with the remaining concentrations of PEG-8000 had shorter hypocotyls, and were up to 38% shorter than nontreated controls at harvest. Marigold cotyledon water (ψw), osmotic (ψs), and turgor (ψp) potentials were significantly reduced by PEG-8000, and ψp was close to zero for all PEG-treated seedlings 18 days after seeding. Whole-plant net photosynthesis, whole-plant dark respiration, and net photosynthesis/leaf area ratios were reduced by PEG-8000, while specific respiration of seedlings treated with PEG-8000 increased. Marigolds treated with concentrations greater than 30 g·L–1 of PEG-8000 had net photosynthesis rates that were close to zero. Fourteen days after transplanting, PEG-treated marigolds were still shorter than nontreated seedlings and they flowered up to 5 days later. Concentrations of PEG from 15 to 30 g·L–1 reduced elongation of marigold seedlings without negatively affecting germination, survival, or plant quality. It appears that marigold seedlings were shorter because of reduced leaf ψp and reductions in net photosynthesis.

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UTILIZATION OF RAWAPENING PEAT FOR NUTRIENT BLOCK AS A MEDIA NURSERIES Anthocephalus cadaba and Paraserianthes falcataria

Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jrl.v8i1.1980 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

E. Hanggari Sittadewi., dkk

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Environmental Degradation ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Rehabilitation Program ◽

Paraserianthes Falcataria ◽

Land Rehabilitation ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Growing Medium ◽

The Media

Nutrient Block is a growing medium product in the form of a square (25 x 25 cm) or cylindrical (diameter = 20 cm, height = 25 cm) made of peat which has been composted, plus adhesive gypsum or tapioca waste. Nutrient Block is designed to support the post mining land rehabilitation program that is now threatening the environmental degradation in mining areas. Nutrient Block products has been proved good for growth because of the media in addition to having physical properties that are capable of storing large amounts of water, contain enough nutrients in the form available to plants,so it can support plant growth. Results of the Nutrient Block application test to Jabon (Anthocephalus cadaba) and Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) plants showed that good performance, both plant height and diameter of trees and leaf growth in plants Jabon appear healthy and getting wider.keywords: nutrient block, post-mining land rehabilitation. Paraserianthes falcataria, Anthocephalus cadaba

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Silicon Stimulates Plant Growth and Metabolism in Rice Plants under Conventional and Osmotic Stress Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 777

Author(s):

Sara Monzerrat Ramírez-Olvera ◽

Libia Iris Trejo-Téllez ◽

Fernando Carlos Gómez-Merino ◽

Lucero del Mar Ruíz-Posadas ◽

Ernesto Gabriel Alcántar-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Osmotic Stress ◽

Abiotic Factors ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Rice Seedlings ◽

Root Volume ◽

Total Sugars ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Peg 8000

Exogenous silicon (Si) can enhance plant resistance to various abiotic factors causing osmotic stress. The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of 1 and 2 mM Si to plants under normal conditions and under osmotic stress. Morelos A-98 rice seedlings, were treated with 1 and 2 mM SiO2 for 28 d. Subsequently, half of the plants were subjected to osmotic stress with the addition of 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000; and continued with the addition of Si (0, 1 and 2 mM SiO2) for both conditions. The application of Si under both conditions increased chlorophyll b in leaves, root volume, as well as fresh and dry biomass of roots. Interestingly, the number of tillers, shoot fresh and dry biomass, shoot water content, concentration of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a/b ratio, and the concentration of total sugars and proline in shoot increased with the addition of Si under osmotic stress conditions. The addition of Si under normal conditions decreased the concentration of sugars in the roots, K and Mn in roots, and increased the concentration of Fe and Zn in shoots. Therefore, Si can be used as a potent inorganic biostimulant in rice Morelos A-98 since it stimulates plant growth and modulates the concentration of vital biomolecules and essential nutrients.

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The Singular Molecular Conformation of Humic Acids in Solution Influences Their Ability to Enhance Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Plant Growth

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Maite Olaetxea ◽

Veronica Mora ◽

Roberto Baigorri ◽

Angel M. Zamarreño ◽

Jose M. García-Mina

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Polyacrylic Acid ◽

Molecular Conformation ◽

Water Solution ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Root Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Molecular Systems

Some studies have reported that the capacity of humic substances to improve plant growth is dependent on their ability to increase root hydraulic conductivity. It was proposed that this effect is directly related to the structural conformation in solution of these substances. To study this hypothesis, the effects on root hydraulic conductivity and growth of cucumber plants of a sedimentary humic acid and two polymers—polyacrylic acid and polyethylene glycol—presenting a molecular conformation in water solution different from that of the humic acid have been studied. The results show that whereas the humic acid caused an increase in root hydraulic conductivity and plant growth, both the polyacrylic acid and the polyethylene glycol did not modify plant growth and caused a decrease in root hydraulic conductivity. These results can be explained by the different molecular conformation in water solution of the three molecular systems. The relationships between these biological effects and the molecular conformation of the three molecular systems in water solution are discussed.

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Perchlorate and Agriculture on Mars

Soil Systems ◽

10.3390/soilsystems5030037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Christopher Oze ◽

Joshua Beisel ◽

Edward Dabsys ◽

Jacqueline Dall ◽

Gretchen North ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Column ◽

Metal Availability ◽

Metal Release ◽

High Solubility ◽

Plant Life ◽

Growing Medium ◽

Successful Removal ◽

Flow Through ◽

Martian Regolith

Perchlorate (ClO4−) is globally enriched in Martian regolith at levels commonly toxic to plants. Consequently, perchlorate in Martian regolith presents an obstacle to developing agriculture on Mars. Here, we assess the effect of perchlorate at different concentrations on plant growth and germination, as well as metal release in a simulated Gusev Crater regolith and generic potting soil. The presence of perchlorate was uniformly detrimental to plant growth regardless of growing medium. Plants in potting soil were able to germinate in 1 wt.% perchlorate; however, these plants showed restricted growth and decreased leaf area and biomass. Some plants were able to germinate in regolith simulant without perchlorate; however, they showed reduced growth. In Martian regolith simulant, the presence of perchlorate prevented germination across all plant treatments. Soil column flow-through experiments of perchlorate-containing Martian regolith simulant and potting soil were unable to completely remove perchlorate despite its high solubility. Additionally, perchlorate present in the simulant increased metal/phosphorous release, which may also affect plant growth and biochemistry. Our results support that perchlorate may modify metal availability to such an extent that, even with the successful removal of perchlorate, Martian regolith may continue to be toxic to plant life. Overall, our study demonstrates that the presence of perchlorate in Martian regolith provides a significant challenge in its use as an agricultural substrate and that further steps, such as restricted metal availability and nutrient enrichment, are necessary to make it a viable growing substrate.

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Further aspects of the artificial illumination of plant growth chambers

Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research ◽

10.1016/0021-8634(65)90119-8 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 212-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G.A. Carpenter ◽

L.J. Moulsley ◽

P.A. Cottrell ◽

R. Summerfield

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Artificial Illumination ◽

Growth Chambers

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Potential of a Novel Thermotolerant Lipase Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) as Additive in High Temperature Operated-Neutral pH Liquid Detergent

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.735.136 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 735 ◽

pp. 136-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nik Raikhan Nik Him ◽

Nurul Shafika Azmi

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Bacillus Stearothermophilus ◽

Laundry Detergent ◽

Detergent Formulation ◽

Time Interval ◽

Oil Removal ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Detergent Concentration ◽

Neutral Ph ◽

Commercial Detergents

Enzyme-added detergent must have the capability to operate at high temperature to support the enzyme proteins to clean soiled-fabrics at optimum conditions. Lipase from Bacillus stearothermophilus nr22 (Lip.nr-22) has improved the oil removal from soiled-cotton fabric by 38.8-51.4% in 4 types of local commercial detergents. The later was the oil removal from an unrevealed detergent. The optimum conditions were 108U/ml Lip.nr-22 in 0.1M, pH 7.0, washing temperature and washing time interval as 80°C and 40 min, respectively; shaking wash at 300 rpm and percentage of detergent concentration as 0.5. Lip.nr-22 is a very potential enzyme in high temperature-neutral pH operated laundry detergent formulations. It has exhibited a very excellent thermostability at 80°C, was very stable with surfactants, commercial detergents as well as with oxidizing agents (H2O2, NaBO3H2O and NaClO). Lip.nr-22 as additive in detergent formulation is a promise for better detergent formulation.

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