scholarly journals GROWTH OF HYBRID LILIES IN ROCKWOOL-BASED MEDIA.

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 741G-741
Author(s):  
M.T. Kelley ◽  
G.C. Elliott ◽  
R.J. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Bulk Volume

Four different granulated rockwool (RW) aggregates were combined with peat at 15, 30, or 45 percent (v/v) RW resulting in twelve different peat:RW media. The RW aggregates used were either fine or coarse textured and absorbent or repellent to water. A soil based medium was used as a control. Bulk volume, bulk density, total porosity, water porosity (WP), and aeration porosity (AP) were determined for all media. Hybrid lily, cvs. `Enchantment' and `Jamboree', growth in these media were compared by measuring the dates of visible bud and anthesis, flower number, leaf number and area, plant height and dry weight of stems, leaves, and flowers. Physical properties of the RW media varied significantly from the soil based medium. Increasing the volume percent RW had a negative linear effect on WP but a positive linear effect on AP for all RW aggregates. Lily growth in the soil based medium was statistically similar to all RW media. The dates of visible bud and anthesis, as well as leaf number and area decreased linearly as the volume percent repellent coarse RW increased.

scholarly journals Response of Cocoyam (Xanthosoma mafafa) Growth, Yield Parameters and Soil Physical Properties of Ultisol at Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Iroegbu, Chidinma S ◽  
Asawalam, Damian O ◽  
O. A. Dada ◽  
J. E. Orji
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Aim: To determine the effect of different rates of sawdust (SD) and poultry manure (PM) applied on some soil physical properties of acid sandy Ultisol, and some growth parameters and yield of cocoyam. Study Design: 2 x 5 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design replicated three times.  Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted in Eastern farm of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike during 2014 and 2015 planting seasons. Methodology: The treatments comprised of two manure sources at five levels each: sawdust (0, 2, 10, 15 and 20t/ha) and poultry manure (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8t/ha). The treatments were assigned randomly to the plots and incorporated into the soil two weeks before planting. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, corms, cormels and total yield. Soil samples were collected with core samplers for physical properties such as Soil Bulk density and Total Porosity. All the data collected were subjected to ANOVA for factorial experiment in RCBD at 5% probability level. Results: The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) improved soil bulk density and total porosity with the lowest value obtained with 0t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. The result showed that the interactions of poultry manure and sawdust significantly (p<0.05) increased the leaf area with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM in both 2014 and 2015. Also, only the increasing rates of treatment applied significantly (p<0.05) increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area and cocoyam yield with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Also, the various rates of treatment application significantly (p<0.05) increased the cocoyam yield (weight of corms and cormels) with the highest value obtained with 20t/ha SD + 8t/ha PM. Conclusion: Improvement in growth and yield of cocoyam resulted from the improved nutrient status of the soil as a result of the amendments applied.

scholarly journals A Comparison of WholeTree and Chipped Pine Log Substrate Components in the Production of Greenhouse Grown Annuals

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-178
Author(s):  
Whitney G. Gaches ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Donald J. Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Catharanthus Roseus ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract WholeTree (WT) and chipped pine logs (CPL) are potential new sustainable greenhouse substrate components made by milling chipped pine trees and/or pine logs (Pinus taeda L.). Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth of Catharanthus roseus L. ‘Grape Cooler’ and Impatiens walleriana Hook.f. ‘Dazzler Apricot’ in 1:1 (v:v) WT:peat (WTP) and 1:1 (v:v) CPL:peat (CPLP), and to compare physical properties of those substrates. In Experiment 1 WTP had 76.8% container capacity (CC) and 96.4% total porosity (TP) while CPLP had 72.4% CC and 90% TP; air space (AS) and bulk density (BD) were similar. In Experiment 2 there were no differences in physical properties. In Experiment 1 EC peaked at 14 days after potting (DAP) and decreased through the remainder of the study. At 0 DAP pH ranged from 4.2–4.3 and increased to a range of 6.4 to 6.8 at 42 DAP. This trend was similar in Experiment 2, except that EC peaked at 7 DAP. In impatiens, plants were similar in Experiment 1 but those grown in WTP in Experiment 2 had bloom counts of 37.3 compared to 27.9 for plants grown in CPLP. With vinca, in Experiment 1 plants grown in CPLP had a dry weight of 7.3 g as compared to 6.9 g for plants grown in WTP, but there were no differences in Experiment 2. Results indicate that growers could use CPL and/or WT interchangeably, depending on available resources.

scholarly journals (160) Are All Vermicomposts Created Equal?

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006A-1006
Author(s):  
Gray R. Bachman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Different Sources

The horticulture industry continues to show interest in using stabilized organic wastes as a component of container media. Vermicompost, also known as worm-worked waste or worm castings, is one of these materials of interest and can be produced from a number of organic wastes, including manure wastes. One issue that has not been addressed is the uniformity of vermicomposts produced from wastes of different sources. Are all vermicomposts created equal? The uniformity of vermicompost is important for growers to consider when using as a medium amendment. This research project investigated the physical properties of vermicompost 1) from different sources of wastes and 2) from a single waste source sequentially sampled over time. The first stage determined the physical properties of vermicompost from beef manure, hog manure, and peat-based media used by two earthworm growers. There were significant differences between the four vermicomposts in bulk density, air volume, percent air volume, percent volumetric moisture, total porosity, and water holding capacity. The second stage involved determining the physical characteristics of vermicompost produced from beef manure collected at the Illinois State University Research Farm from cattle receiving a consistent diet through the year. Manure was collected bimonthly. There was no difference in vermicompost bulk density among the samples. There were significant differences in air volume, percent air volume, percent volumetric moisture, total porosity, and water holding capacity. These changes in vermicompost physical characteristics must be quantified for growers to accurately predict performance as a growth medium amendment.

scholarly journals Comparison of Aged and Fresh WholeTree as a Substrate Component for Production of Greenhouse-Grown Annuals

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Whitney G. Gaches ◽  
Glenn B. Fain ◽  
Donald J. Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
Jeff L. Sibley
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Petunia Hybrida ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Pinus Taeda L

Abstract WholeTree (WT) is a potential renewable greenhouse substrate component created by chipping and milling all aboveground portions of a pine tree (Pinus taeda L.). While research regarding the viability of WT as an alternative substrate component is widely available to growers, the potential benefits of aging WT remain unclear. The growth of Dreams White petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Dreams White’) and Little Hero Yellow marigold (Tagetes patula ‘Little Hero Yellow’) in 1:1 (by vol) fresh WT:peat (FWTP) and 1:1 (by vol) aged WT:peat (AWTP), as well as physical properties of AWTP and FWTP were evaluated. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 17.6% particles greater than 3.2 mm as opposed to 12.4% for FWTP. In Experiment 2, this trend was reversed with 8.1% of AWTP particles greater than 3.2 mm and 20.4% for FWTP. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 90.5% total porosity (TP) as compared to 94.4% with FWTP. Air Space (AS) for AWTP was less than FWTP; AWTP had 10% more container capacity (CC) than FWTP. Bulk Density (BD) was similar in Experiment 1. There was no difference in TP in Experiment 2; however, all other physical properties followed a similar trend to Experiment 1. In both experiments marigolds grown in AWTP generally had a lower leachate pH and a higher EC than those grown in FWTP; a trend which was similar in petunia although differences were not present throughout the entire study. Marigolds grown in AWTP had 33% more blooms and 44% greater dry weight than those grown in FWTP, a trend similar in petunias. Aged WT in this study provided a more suitable substrate component for greenhouse grown marigolds and petunias than fresh WT.

scholarly journals Budidaya Organik Kunyit pada Kluster Biofarmaka Kabupaten Karanganyar

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Samanhudi Samanhudi ◽  
Ahmad Yunus ◽  
Bambang Pujiasmanto
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Organic Cultivation ◽  
Potential Development ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Potential development of medicinal plants in Karanganyar is very large, because this area is famous as a center of medicinal plants such as ginger, turmeric, kencur, and temulawak. In the development of medicinal plants, the approach of organic cultivation is one of the alternatives that can be done to achieve the business. Therefore the application of technology to society about organic farming on Biopharmaca Cluster of Karanganyar was conducted with the aim to apply organic cultivation techniques that have resulted from previous studies, so it can be applied by the community to increase income and welfare. This application of technology to society activity is held in Sambirejo, Jumantono, Karanganyar. The research was conducted from March to October 2016. The results showed that the application of chicken manure affects the number of leaves, number of tillers, and the fresh weight of turmeric rhizome. The addition of manure (chicken, goat, cow) can increase all variables of planting growth which include plant height, number of leaf, number of tillers, fresh weight of plant, dry weight of plant, and fresh weight of rhizomes. Giving three types of manure (chicken, goat, cow) with mycorrhizal dose treatment there is no intraction to some growth observation variables. Mycorrhizal treatment with a dose of 10 g/plant can increase the number of tillers in turmeric. Overall the application of mycorrhizal at various doses (5, 10, and 15 g/plant) can increase plant height, leaf number, number of tillers, and fresh weight of turmeric rhizome.

scholarly journals Timing and Rates of Two Products Using Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) to Control Algae in Ebb and Flow Hydroponic Systems

HortScience ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Dharti Thakulla ◽  
Bruce L. Dunn ◽  
Carla Goad ◽  
Bizhen Hu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pepper Plant ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hydroponic Systems ◽  
Weekly Application ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Algae is not desirable in hydroponics and creates problems such as reduced yield and decreased dissolved oxygen, and affects the physiology of plants and, thus, needs to be controlled. An experiment was conducted in Ebb and Flow hydroponic systems to investigate the application timing and rates of two hydrogen peroxide products (Zerotol and PERpose Plus). Treatments included 35 mL weekly, 35 mL biweekly, 70 mL weekly, 70 mL biweekly, and a control with no application of hydrogen peroxide using a 40-gallon reservoir of water. Pepper ‘Early Jalapeno’ and ‘Lunchbox Red’ and tomato ‘Geronimo’ and ‘Little Sicily’ were used. The study was conducted in a split-plot design with two replications over time. Plant growth parameters, including plant height, flower number, net CO2 assimilation, fresh weight, and dry weight were recorded. Algae data, including dry weight, algae cell counts, and chl a were also measured. Results indicated that with increasing rate and timing of either product decreased algae counts, dry weight, and chl a values. However, weekly and biweekly application of 70 mL of both products were not different for algae quantification. In pepper, plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight were found to be significantly greater with Zerotol 35 mL biweekly, Zerotol 70 mL weekly, PERpose Plus 35 mL biweekly, and PERpose Plus 70 mL weekly compared with the control. ‘Lunchbox Red’ was significantly greater than ‘Early Jalapeno’ in all growth parameters, except soil plant analysis development (SPAD). ‘Lunchbox Red’ had the greatest flower number, with weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus. In tomato, greatest flower number and SPAD were observed in ‘Geronimo’ with a weekly application of 70 mL PERpose Plus and 70 mL Zerotol, respectively. Greater shoot and root fresh and dry weight for both tomato cultivars were recorded with 35 mL biweekly or 70 mL weekly application with either product. The results from both plants as well as algae analysis suggest that weekly application of 70 mL of either Zerotol or PERpose Plus produced the best results in terms of controlling algae and improving the growth of pepper and tomato plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Induksi Resistensi oleh Khamir Candida tropicalis terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabai Terinfeksi Colletotrichum acutatum

Agrikultura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Sri Hartati ◽  
Linda Tarina ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Luciana Djaya
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum

ABSTRACTEffect of induced resistance by Candida tropicalis on the growth of chili plants infected by Colletotrichum acutatumColletotrichum acutatum is a major pathogen of chili that causes a big yield loss. Candida tropicalis has been reported as a biocontrol agent antagonistic to C. acutatum. The research was objected tofind out the effect of induced resistance by C. tropicalis on the growth of chili plants infected by C. acutatum. The application of the yeast was carried out by seed dipping and seedling spraying methods. As treatments, C. acutatum, the pathogen was inoculated at different time, i.e. A = inoculation at 3 days after the induction (dai) by C. tropicalis, B = inoculation at 7 dai, C = inoculation at 10 dai, D = positive control on inoculation at 3 dai, E = positive control on inoculation at 7 dai, F = positive control on inoculation at 10 dai, G = negative control with no induction nor inoculation. The results showed that the induction by C. tropicalis was able to increase the plant height, leaf number, and dry weight. The highest increase of plant height of 30.72% was caused by induction of C. tropicalis inoculated at 7 dai. Induction of C. tropicalis inoculated at 3 dai increased the leaf number by 49.47%, and the plant dry weight by 50%. C. tropicalis has a potency to be developed as plant growth inducer.Keywords: Antagonist, Inoculation, Fungi, YeastABSTRAKJamur Colletotrichum acutatum merupakan patogen penyebab kehilangan hasil panen yang cukup besar pada tanaman cabai. Salah satu mikrob antagonis jamur ini yang telah dilaporkan adalah khamir Candida tropicalis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh induksi resistensioleh C. tropicalis terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman cabai terinfeksi C. acutatum. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan teknik perendaman benih dan penyiraman bibit tanaman cabaimenggunakan suspensi C. tropicalis dengan waktu inokulasi patogen C. acutatum yang berbeda. Perlakuan tersebut adalah A = Inokulasi C. acutatum 3 hari setelah perlakuan induksi C. tropicalis (hsp), B = Inokulasi C. acutatum 7 hsp, C = Inokulasi C. acutatum 10 hsp, D = Kontrol (+) dengan inokulasi C. acutatum 3 hsp, E = Kontrol (+) dengan inokulasi C. acutatum 7 hsp, F = Kontrol (+) dengan inokulasi C. acutatum 10 hsp, G = Kontrol (-) tanpa induksi dan inokulasi. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa perlakuan induksi resistensi oleh khamir C. tropicalis mampu meningkatkan tinggi, jumlah daun, dan bobot kering tanaman cabai. Kemampuan meningkatkan tinggi tanamancabai tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan C. tropicalis dengan waktu inokulasi 7 hsp yaitu sebesar 30,72%. Perlakuan khamir C. tropicalis dengan inokulasi patogen 3 hsp mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun tanaman cabai sebesar 49,47%. Perlakuan C. tropicalis dengan waktu inokulasi 3 hsp mampu meningkatkan bobot kering tanaman sebesar 50%. Khamir C. tropicalis berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai agens pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman.Kata Kunci: Antagonis, Inokulasi, Jamur, Patogen

scholarly journals Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J.C. Nwite ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
T. Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Inland Valley

One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom &gt; mid &gt; top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed &gt; river levee &gt; elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

scholarly journals Modification of sandy soil hydrophysical environment through bagasse additive under laboratory experiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Abd El-Halim ◽  
Arunsiri Kumlung
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Study Results

Abstract Until now sandy soils can be considered as one roup having common hydrophysical problems. Therefore, a laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of bagasse as an amendment to improve hydrophysical properties of sandy soil, through the determination of bulk density, aggregatesize distribution, total porosity, hydraulic conductivity, pore-space structure and water retention. To fulfil this objective, sandy soils were amended with bagasse at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4% on the dry weight basis. The study results demonstrated that the addition of bagasse to sandy soils in between 3 to 4% on the dry weight basis led to a significant decrease in bulk density, hydraulic conductivity, and rapid-drainable pores, and increase in the total porosity, water-holding pores, fine capillary pores, water retained at field capacity, wilting point, and soil available water as compared with the control treatment

scholarly journals Short and long-term effects of tillage systems and nutrient sources on soil physical properties of a Southern Brazilian Hapludox

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton da Veiga ◽  
Dalvan José Reinert ◽  
José Miguel Reichert ◽  
Douglas Rodrigo Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Over Time

Soil tillage promotes changes in soil structure. The magnitude of the changes varies with the nature of the soil, tillage system and soil water content and decreases over time after tillage. The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term (one year period) and long-term (nine year period) effects of soil tillage and nutrient sources on some physical properties of a very clayey Hapludox. Five tillage systems were evaluated: no-till (NT), chisel plow + one secondary disking (CP), primary + two (secondary) diskings (CT), CT with burning of crop residues (CTb), and CT with removal of crop residues from the field (CTr), in combination with five nutrient sources: control without nutrient application (C); mineral fertilizers, according to technical recommendations for each crop (MF); 5 Mg ha-1 yr-1 of poultry litter (wetmatter) (PL); 60 m³ ha-1 yr-1 of cattle slurry (CS) and; 40 m³ ha-1 yr-1 of swine slurry (SS). Bulk density (BD), total porosity (TP), and parameters related to the water retention curve (macroporosity, mesoporosity and microporosity) were determined after nine years and at five sampling dates during the tenth year of the experiment. Soil physical properties were tillage and time-dependent. Tilled treatments increased total porosity and macroporosity, and reduced bulk density in the surface layer (0.00-0.05 m), but this effect decreased over time after tillage operations due to natural soil reconsolidation, since no external stress was applied in this period. Changes in pore size distribution were more pronounced in larger and medium pore diameter classes. The bulk density was greatest in intermediate layers in all tillage treatments (0.05-0.10 and 0.12-0.17 m) and decreased down to the deepest layer (0.27-0.32 m), indicating a more compacted layer around 0.05-0.20 m. Nutrient sources did not significantly affect soil physical and hydraulic properties studied.

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