scholarly journals Evaluating Peat Substrates Amended with Pine Wood Fiber for Nitrogen Immobilization and Effects on Plant Performance with Container-grown Petunia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Crysta N. Harris ◽  
Ryan W. Dickson ◽  
Paul R. Fisher ◽  
Brian E. Jackson ◽  
Anissa M. Poleatewich
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
N Immobilization ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Shoot Tissue ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Pine (Pinus sp.) wood products have potential to immobilize fertilizer nitrogen (N) and influence plant growth when used in soilless substrates for the production of containerized floriculture crops. Peat substrate was amended with (by volume) 30% pine wood fiber (peat:fiber) during a production phase with fertigation and a simulated consumer retail phase with clear-water irrigation using container-grown ‘Supertunia Vista Bubblegum’ petunia (Petunia ×hybrida). The objective was to evaluate substrate effects on substrate and plant tissue nutrient level and plant growth, with an emphasis on evaluating N immobilization from wood product amendments. Substrates consisting of peat amended with hammer-milled pine wood (peat:wood) or coconut (Cocos nucifera) coir (peat:coir) were used for comparison, and a 100% peat substrate (peat) served as a control. In Expt. 1, amending peat with pine wood fiber had no effect on leaf SPAD chlorophyll index, shoot growth, plant height and width, substrate N, or percent shoot tissue N at the end-of-production. In Expt. 2, plants grown in peat:fiber had reduced flower number, plant height and width, and shoot growth compared with plants grown in the 100% peat control. However, petunia grown in peat:fiber substrates maintained dark-green foliage with high leaf SPAD chlorophyll index values (≥44.4) and ≥45 flowers/plant, and therefore were considered marketable plants. During the production phase in both Expts. 1 and 2, N concentrations remained within the target range for petunia in both the shoot tissue and root-zone for all substrates. In addition, there was no statistical evidence of N immobilization for any substrate blend for either of the N drawdown procedures. In both Expts. 1 and 2, root-zone nutrients became depleted during the consumer phase when irrigation was with clear water (no fertilizer), and petunia developed uniform symptoms of leaf chlorosis and N deficiency. Results of this study indicate that peat amended with 30% pine wood fiber, hammer-milled pine wood, and coconut can be used for production of containerized petunia with minimal effects on plant growth or need to adjust the fertilizer program. However, increasing pine wood to >30% of the substrate volume may require growers to increase fertilization and adjust irrigation practices to compensate for greater risk of N immobilization and changes in substrate physical properties.

scholarly journals CONTROLLING HEIGHT AND FLOWERING IN HYPOESTES PHYLLOSTACHYA

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1178g-1178
Author(s):  
Chi Wang ◽  
Kevin L. Grueber
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Internode Elongation ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Flower Bud Abortion ◽  
Short Days

Control of plant height and flowering are two major problems associated with the production of Hypoestes phyllostachya Bak. (polka-dot plant). In seed-propagated cultivars, sprays of ancymidol (A-Rest), chlormequat (Cycocel), paclobutrazol (Bonzi), and uniconazole (Sumagic) were effective in inhibiting shoot growth and internode elongation at 100, 1000, 33, and 10 mg·l-1, respectively. Daminozide (B-Nine), even at 6000 mg·l-1, was ineffective compared to untreated controls. Ethephon (Florel) was effective in retarding plant growth at 500 mg·l-1, but at 1500 mg·l-1 resulted in leaf distortion and horizontal shoot growth. H. phyllostachya was determined to be a quantitative (facultative) short day plant. Seed-propagated plants with 16 or more nodes flowered regardless of photoperiod, but flowering was more rapid under short days (SD) than under long days (LD). Application of ethephon significantly inhibited shoot elongatioo and number of flower buds formed and also increased the incidence of flower bud abortion. In seed-propagated plants, 500 mg·l-1 ethephon did not adversely affect flowering when applied at any time during the first seven weeks after the start of SD. At 1500 or 2500 mg·l-1, ethephon applied at any time during the first five weeks after the start of SD maximized the number of vegetative buds and minimized the number of viable flower buds. When applied more than six weeks after SD began, ethephon did not promote the formation of vegetative axillary buds but did promote flower bud abortion.

scholarly journals Cold Storage Period of Bulbs Influences Their Sugar Contents and Post-Storage Growth and Flowering in Lilium Oriental Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Jiseon Kim ◽  
Wook Oh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Lilium Oriental Hybrids

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in internal shoot growth, total and reducing sugar content, plant growth, and flowering characteristics after cold-stored bulbs of Lilium Oriental Hybrids are planted. Bulbs of Lilium Oriental Hybrids ‘Le Reve’, ‘Sorbonne’, and ‘Siberia’ were harvested at the end of November, cleaned, treated with fungicides, conditioned for 30 days at 4 °C, and cold-stored for 30 to 120 days at 0 °C. Plant height, fresh and dry weights, leaf numbers and area, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), days to flowering, number of flower buds, and flower diameter were measured when the cut flowers were harvested. In all cultivars, the shoot lengths in the bulbs increased as the storage period increased. As the storage period was extended, the fructose and glucose contents increased, whereas sucrose content decreased. The total sugar content increased during the early storage period and decreased subsequently. Plant height, fresh and dry weights of cut flowers showed a decreasing trend as the storage period increased. Flower diameter generally decreased with increasing storage period but varied among cultivars. These results indicated that more storage carbohydrates in bulbs were consumed as the storage period increased, and thus, the subsequent plant growth and flowering were negatively affected.

Plastic Mulch Color Effects on Light Micro-environment and Watermelon Plant Growth

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 474d-474
Author(s):  
N.K. Damayanthi Ranwala ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Total Light ◽  
Dry Mass Partitioning

This study was conducted to evaluate the spectral properties of various colored plastic color mulches and to determine the effects of upwardly reflected light from the mulch surfaces on watermelon plant growth when differences in root zone temperatures are minimized. Two-week-old watermelon plants were grown with black mulch, red-painted mulch, SRM-Red mulch (Sonoco, Inc., Harstville, S.C.), and white mulch. Total light reflection (58 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) and red: far-red (R:FR = 0.44) of reflected light were lower in black mulch and highest in white mulch (634 and 0.92, respectively). Both black mulch and white mulch had same blue:red (B:R = 0.6) while white mulch had higher B:FR (0.58) in reflected light compared to black mulch (0.26). Reflective properties of red mulches were somewhat similar, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.8, 0.2, and 0.18, respectively. However, SRM-Red mulch had highest total light (355 μmol·m–2·s–1 in 400–700 nm) transmission through the mulch, and R:FR, B:R, and B:FR were 0.84, 0.28, and 0.23, respectively. Light transmission through the other mulches was nonsignificant. Watermelon plants grown with black mulch and red mulches had higher internode lengths compared to white mulch after 20 days. Further, plants grown under black had significant higher petiole elongation accompanied with higher dry mass partitioning to petioles, and lower partitioning to roots, stems, and leaves. There was no effects of surface mulch color on total plant dry mass or photosynthesis although plants with black had higher transpiration rate. This suggests the differential regulation of dry mass partitioning among plant parts due to mulch color. The similar plant responses with black mulch and white mulch to plants treated with FR or R light at the end of photoperiod implies the involvement of phytochrome regulation of growth due to mulch surface color.

Film coating of seeds with Bacillus cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchalee Jetiyanon ◽  
Sakchai Wittaya-Areekul ◽  
Pinyupa Plianbangchang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Film Coating ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Bacillus cereus RS87 was previously reported to promote plant growth in various crops in both greenhouse and field trials. To apply as a plant growth promoting agent with practical use, it is essential to ease the burden of routine preparation of a fresh suspension of strain RS87 in laboratory. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of film-coating seeds with B. cereus RS87 spores for early plant growth enhancement and to reveal the indoleacetic acid (IAA) production released from strain RS87. The experiment consisted of the following 5 treatments: nontreated seeds, water-soaked seeds, film-coated seeds, seeds soaked with vegetative cells of strain RS87, and film-coated seeds with strain RS87 spores. Three experiments were conducted separately to assess seed emergence, root length, and plant height. Results showed that both vegetative cells and spores of strain RS87 significantly promoted (P ≤ 0.05) seed emergence, root length and plant height over the control treatments. The strain RS87 also produced IAA. In conclusion, the film coating of seeds with spores of B. cereus RS87 demonstrated early plant growth enhancement as well as seeds using their vegetative cells. IAA released from strain RS87 would be one of the mechanisms for plant growth enhancement.

Aluminum and copper deposition through the process of thermal flame spray on polypropylene-pine wood fiber composite filaments and their applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110365
Author(s):  
Sônia MA Veroneze ◽  
Thais HS Flores-Sahagun ◽  
Ramón SC Paredes ◽  
Kestur Gundappa Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Flame Spray ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Thermal Spray Process ◽  
Spray Process ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
Study Results

This paper presents a study about polypropylene-pine wood composites, both as filaments and products, coated with aluminum (Al) or copper (Cu), obtained through flame thermal spray process after subjecting the composites to thermal treatments in the second and third step of the study. Results revealed that a previous aluminum layer was needed in order to obtain copper coatings on the composites. The physical and mechanical properties of both metal coated composite filaments were also evaluated and compared with the uncoated composite filaments with and without heat treating these. Consequently, it was observed that the nature of the coating adhesion on the substrates was mechanical, and therefore abrasion blasting of filaments or the use of a higher wood fiber content in the composite improved the Al or Cu adhesion. Also, it was observed that extruded wood fiber/PP filaments should not be cooled in water because pieces might be molded directly once the moisture affects the metal coatings adhesion onto the substrates.

scholarly journals Musik Gamelan Bali Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produktivitas Tanaman Sawi Pakcoy (Brassica rafa L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Dewa Putu Yoga Gautama ◽  
I Made Anom S. Wijaya ◽  
I Wayan Widia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sound Waves ◽  
High Frequency Sound ◽  
Frequency Sound ◽  
Green Leaves ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Canopy Area

Pemberian gelombang suara dengan frekuensi tinggi dapat merangsang mulut daun  (stomata) tetap terbuka, akibatnya laju dan efisiensi penyerapan pupuk meningkat yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman. Hasil penggunaan sonic bloom pada tanaman adalah mampu menstimulir metabolisme sel-sel tanaman, sehingga terjadi peningkatan penyerapan nutrisi dan uap air lewat daun yang berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian musik Gamelan Bali terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman sawi pakcoy dan (2) untuk menentukan jenis musik Gamelan Bali yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas sawi pakcoy yang terbaik. Penelitan ini menggunakan tanaman sawi pakcoy (Brassica Rafa L.).  Perlakuan yang diberikan  dalam penelitian adalah pemberian musik gamelan bali dengan nuansa musik yang berbeda. Perlakuan 1 menggunakan musik gamelan Angklung, Perlakuan 2 menggunakan musik gamelan Semarpagulingan dan Perlakuan 3 menggunakan musik gamelan Gong Kebyar. Data yang diperoleh dianalis ANOVA dengan program IBM SPSS 20. Variabel yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas kanopi daun tanaman, tingkat kehijauan daun tanaman, dan berat kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian musik gong kebyar menghasilkan nilai tertinggi pada variabel tinggi tanaman, luas kanopi daun, tingkat kehijauan daun, dan berat kering yang  masing menghasilkan nilai yaitu yaitu 29,98 cm, 1684 cm2, 186,79, dan 68,61 gr. Pemberian musik memberikan pengaruh yang positif dan berbeda nyata pada pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pakcoy. Semakin tinggi frekuensi musik yang diberikan maka semakin baik pertumbuhan tanaman sawi pakcoy yang dihasilkan.  High frequency sound waves can stimulate the mouth of leaf (stomata) remains opened.The stomata remains open leading to efficient absorption of fertilizer. The purposes of this research were (1) to find out the effect of Balinese instrument music on the growth and productivity of pakcoy mustard plant and (2) to determine the type of Balinese instrument music that gives the best growth and productivity of mustard pakcoy. The treatment of this research was the application of Balinese instrument music with different musical nuances for 3 hours. Treatment 1 was using Angklung instruments music, treatment 2 was using Semarpagulingan instrument music and treatment 3 using Gong Kebyar instrument music. The obtained data was analized by ANOVA with the IBM SPSS 20 program. The observed variables include plant height, canopy area of plant leaf, green leaves level and dry weight. The results showed that Gong Kebyar instrument music application produces the highest value of 29.98 on the height of the plant variables, the widest value of 1684 cm2  on the canopy area variables, the biggest value that is 68,61 gr on the dry weight variables and the largest value of 186.79 on the green leaves level variables. Balinese instrument music application effect to the growth of pakcoy mustard plant. The best plant growth was the plant with gong kebyar instrument music application from all observed variables.

scholarly journals Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NO3−/NH4+ ratio for improving essential oil compositions of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ahmadi ◽  
Abbas Samadi ◽  
Ebrahim Sepehr ◽  
Amir Rahimi ◽  
Sergey Shabala
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Growing Media

AbstractMedicinal plants represent a valuable commodity due to beneficial effects of their natural products on human health, prompting a need for finding a way to optimize/increase their production. In this study, a novel growing media with various perlite particle size and its mixture with peat moss was tested for hydroponic-based production of Echinacea purpurea medicinal plant under greenhouse conditions. The plant growth parameters such as plant height, total fresh leave weight, fresh root weight, total biomass, total chlorophyll, leaf area, and essential oil compositions were assessed. Perlite particle size in the growing media was varied from very coarse (more than 2 mm) to very fine (less than 0.5 mm), and the ratio between perlite and peat moss varied from 50:50 v/v to 30:70 v/v. In addition, two nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) ratios (90:10 and 70:30) were tested for each growing media. The medium containing very fine-grade perlite and 50:50 v/v perlite to peat moss ratio was found to be most optimal and beneficial for E. purpurea performance, resulting in maximal plant height, fresh and dry weight, leaf surface area, and chlorophyll content. It was also found that an increase in NO3−/NH4+ ratio caused a significant increase in plant growth parameters and increase the plant essential oil content. The major terpene hydrocarbons found in extract of E. purpurea with the best growth parameters were germacrene D (51%), myrcene (15%), α-pinene (12%), β-caryophyllene (11%), and 1-Pentadecene (4.4%), respectively. The percentages of these terpene hydrocarbons were increased by increasing of NO3−/NH4+ ratio. It can be concluded that decreasing the perlite particle size and increasing the NO3−/NH4+ ratio increased the plant growth parameters and essential oil compositions in E. purpurea.

scholarly journals The effect of seaweed extract on tomato plant growth, productivity and soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashmath Inayath Hussain ◽  
Naga Kasinadhuni ◽  
Tony Arioli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tomato Plant ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Seaweed Extract ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Soil Biology

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of seaweed extract (SWE) made from the brown algae Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum on plants and soil. The application of SWE to soil growing tomato plants showed dual effects. SWE comprehensively improved tomato plant growth (flower clusters, flower number, fruit number, root length, root and shoot dry weight, SPAD) and increased plant productivity (yield and quality). Similarly, SWE application effected soil biology at the soil root zone by increasing total bacterial count and available soil nitrogen and impacting bacterial community diversity with an increase in certain bacterial families linked to soil health. A broader understanding of the effects of SWE on the plant-soil ecosystem may offer breakthrough approaches for sustainable food production.

Culture of Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) in Sand Root Media Amended with Three Fertilizers

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Hydrilla Verticillata ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Root Media ◽  
Tuber Production

Hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata(L.f.) Royle # HYLLI] was grown for 4 to 16 weeks in pans filled with either an organic muck-sand soil, sand, or sand mixed with Osmocote, Esmigran, and dolomite under outdoor conditions in plastic-lined pools with flowing pond water. Dry weight for plants cultured in sand plus the fertilizers was dependent on the concentration of fertilizer and was from 6 to 14 times that of plants cultured in sand alone. Dry weight was also higher for three treatments of sand amended with fertilizer than for plants cultured in the organic muck-sand soil. Water temperature for different growth periods influenced dry weight of hydrilla cultured with all three root media. Tuber production was independent of three levels of fertilizer for 16 weeks of plant growth, but plant weight was dependent on the concentration of nutrients in the root zone. Of nine plant tissue nutrients measured, only phosphorus in both the shoots and roots was dependent on the level of fertilizer in the root zone. This suggests that growth of hydrilla is controlled by nutrients in the root zone. The use of sand amended with various levels of fertilizers may be a way to simulate fertility levels of sediments as a method to study aquatic sites for their potential to support growth of hydrilla.

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