scholarly journals CO2 AND TEMPERATURE INTERACTION ON GROWTH OF THREE POTATO CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 590f-590
Author(s):  
T.W. Tibbitts ◽  
W. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Temperature Levels

Plants of three potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars, Denali, Norland, Russet Burbank, were grown under CO2 concentrations of 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 ppm at each of 16 and 20C temperature levels. In all three cultivars, total plant dry weight on day 35 after transplanting was greater under 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm CO2 than under 500 ppm CO2 at both 16 and 20C, and greater at 20C than at 16C under each of the CO2 concentrations. At 20C total dry weight was highest under 2000 ppm CO2 for all cultivars whereas at 16C total dry weight was highest under 1000 ppm CO2 for Denali and Norland, but highest under 1500 ppm CO2 for Russet Burbank. The similar pattern was seen with tuber dry weight except that in Russet Burbank the weight was greater at 16C than at 20C under 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm CO2. Also, for all cultivars specific leaf weight (SLW) under 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm CO2 was much higher than under 500 ppm CO2 at 16C, but only slightly higher than under 500 ppm CO2 at 20C. The SLW was higher at 16C than at 20C under all CO2 concentrations. This study demonstrates that growth responses of potatoes to CO2 concentrations differ with temperature.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF SHADE ON NET PHOTOSYNTHESIS, GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRIES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1108d-1108
Author(s):  
S.E. Garrison ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
J.A. Barden
Keyword(s):  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Light Saturation Curves ◽  
Saturation Rate

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of shade treatments (0, 30, 47 and 63%) on photosynthetic and growth responses of `Redchief' strawberries. Net photosynthesis (Pn) measured on plants under shade decreased as % shade increased. Pn of plants grown under shade but measured under saturating light intensities decreased after 30% shade. Light saturation curves of leaves allowed to expand in full sun and then placed under shade indicated a decrease in the saturation rate and point under 63% shade. Leaves which expanded under shade had decreased saturation rates and points at all levels. Specific leaf weight and total plant dry weight decreased linearly as % shade increased.A field study in which plants were either shaded in the fall or in the fall and spring demonstrated a decreasing trend in berry number for plots which were shaded in the fall and spring. Berry number decreased in fall-shaded plants after 30% shade. In both cases, berry weight decreased with increasing shade.

Effects of Temperature and CO2Concentration on the Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), Spurred Anoda (Anoda cristata), and Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 751-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Patterson ◽  
Maxine T. Highsmith ◽  
Elizabeth P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Leaf Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf were grown in controlled-environment chambers at day/night temperatures of 32/23 or 26/17 C and CO2concentrations of 350 or 700 ppm. After 5 weeks, CO2enrichment to 700 ppm increased dry matter accumulation by 38, 26, and 29% in cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively, at 26/17 C and by 61, 41, and 29% at 32/23 C. Increases in leaf weight accounted for over 80% of the increase in total plant weight in cotton and spurred anoda in both temperature regimes. Leaf area was not increased by CO2enrichment. The observed increases in dry matter production with CO2enrichment were caused by increased net assimilation rate. In a second experiment, plants were grown at 350 ppm CO2and 29/23 C day/night for 17 days before exposure to 700 ppm CO2at 26/17 C for 1 week. Short-term exposure to high CO2significantly increased net assimilation rate, dry matter production, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, and specific leaf weight in comparison with plants maintained at 350 ppm CO2at 26/17 C. Increases in leaf weight in response to short-term CO2enrichment accounted for 100, 87, and 68% of the observed increase in total plant dry weight of cotton, spurred anoda, and velvetleaf, respectively. Comparisons among the species showed that CO2enrichment decreased the weed/crop ratio for total dry weight, possibly indicating a potential competitive advantage for cotton under elevated CO2, even at suboptimum temperatures.

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax pada Perlakuan Panjang lanjaran dan Waktu Batang Membelit*

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
Solikin ,
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Botanic Garden ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Dioscorea is potentially used as staple food to support food security. The research was aimed to determine the effect of stake length and time of  stem twining  on  the growth of Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax. The experiment was conducted  in  Purwodadi Botanic Garden from December 2014 until May 2015 using split plot randomized block design consisted of two factors, i.e. the stake length and time of stem twining. The stake length was the main plot consisted of 150 cm, 100 cm and 50 cm above soil surface and without stake (control). The time of stem twining as subplots, i.e. stem twined early, twined at the time of 4 leaves stage, and twined at 8 leaves stage. Each combination of the treatments was replicated three times. The results showed that there was significant effect on the stake length  and the time of stem twining treatments on the plant growth and yield. The stake  length of 150 cm treatment produced the highest fresh tuber and total plant dry weight, i.e., 257.24 g and 132.77 g per plant, respectively. On the contrary, the plant without stake produced the lowest fresh tuber and  total dry weight of plant, i.e., 112.10 g and 48.65 g per plant, respectively.<br /><br />Keywords: biomass,leaf area, photosyntesis, tuber weight

scholarly journals Screening of jute and kenaf varieties for salinity tolerance

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Md. Isfatuzzaman Bhuyan ◽  
K M. Mehadi Hassan ◽  
Nowrose Jahan Lipi ◽  
Md Rafiq Uddin ◽  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Inhibition ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A study was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from April to August 2012 to examine the salinity tolerance of eight jute varieties (CVE-3, C-83, CVL-1, BJC-7370, O-795, O-9897, OM-1, O-72) and two kenaf varieties (HC-95 and HC-2). Initially germination of these varieties were evaluated under six salinity levels viz. 0mM, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM NaCl in the seed laboratory of the Department of Agronomy. Afterwards, all the varieties was grown in pots in the net house under four salinity levels viz. 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, and 75mM. The results from the germination study revealed that under control condition (0mM NaCl) all the jute varieties showed germination more than 80% both at 7 and at 14 days after seed sowing, whereas kenaf varieties had germination a little less than 80%. Among the jute varieties, O-72 showed the highest germination (92%), which was statistically similar with those of OM-1(91%), O-795 (90%), and C-83(87%). Salinity stress decreased germination drastically in all of the jute and kenaf varieties. A salinity level of 100mM caused the highest germination inhibition (74.70%) in jute variety CVL-1, which was very close to those of BJC-7370 and O-72. On the other hand, the lowest germination inhibition (51.11%) was recorded in jute variety O-795. The results of the pot trail showed that the plant characters of jute and kenaf varieties were affected significantly by salinity stress. All the varieties produced their respective plant height, number of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight under control condition (no salinity). Among these varieties, CVE-3 produced the highest plant height (145.2cm), and total dry weight (22.55g), whereas O-72 produced the highest number of leaves per plant (24.67). All these plant characters decreased sharply due to salinity stress irrespective of variety. However, the rate of decrease of plant characters occurred differentially in the jute and kenaf varieties. The highest rate of decrease in number of leaves (74.22%) was found from the variety CVE-3, whereas the lowest one was recorded from the variety HC-2 (51.68%). Salinity stress caused the highest decrease in total plant dry weight (73.68%) in the variety CVL-1 and plant height (73.64%) also in the variety CVL-1. On the contrary, the lowest decrease in plant dry weight (50.99%) was found in the variety O-9897 and plant height also in variety O-9897 (50.88%). Based on the results from germination test and pot trail, it can be inferred that jute variety O-9897 appeared to be the most salt tolerant followed by O-795, HC-2, HC-95, CVE-3, O-72, C-83, BJC-7370, OM-1, and CVL-1.    

scholarly journals Influence of Phosphorus on Gas Exchange and Plant Development and Nutrient Uptake of Chile Ancho and Bell Pepper Plants

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 865B-865
Author(s):  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Sharon A. Duray ◽  
Lop Phavaphutanon ◽  
Randy Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Total Plant

In two separate experiments, the influence of phosphorus nutrition on gas exchange, plant development, and nutrient uptake of Capsicum annuum chile ancho `San Luis' and bell pepper `Jupiter' plants were studied. Plants were fertilized weekly using 250 ml of a modified Long–Ashton solution (LANS) containing 0, 11, 22, 44, 66, or 88 μg P/ml. Phosphorus stress was evident with both pepper cultivars at 0 and 11 μg P/ml, with reduced plant growth and development: leaf number and area, fruit, leaf, stem, root, shoot, and total plant dry weight. The root: shoot ratio was greatest at 0 μg P/ml, reflecting greater dry matter partitioning to the root system. Greater phosphorus stress occurred at 0 μg P/ml in `San Luis' compared to `Jupiter' (88% vs. 58% reduction in total plant dry weight compared to optimum P response). `San Luis' was also more sensitive to phosphorus stress at 11 μg P/ml than `Jupiter' as indicated by the greater reduction in growth responses. With increasing P nutrition, leaf tissue P increased in both cultivars with maximum leaf tissue P at 88 μg P/ml. In `San Luis', there were no differences in tissue P between 0 and 11 μg P/ml plants, whereas 0 μg P/ml `Jupiter' plants had the lowest tissue P. Low P plants generally had the highest tissue N and lowest S, Fe, Mn, Zn B, Mo, and Al. With both cultivars, gas exchange was lowest at 0 μg P/ml, as indicated by low transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthesis (A). Internal CO2 (Ci) and vapor pressure deficit were generally highest at 0 μg P/ml, indicating that Ci was accumulating with lower gs, E, and A in these phosphorus-stressed plants. Generally, no P treatments exceeded the gas exchange levels obtained by 44 μg P/ml (full strength LANS) plants.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS ON GAS EXCHANGE AND PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF CHILE ANCHO AND BELL PEPPER PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 438b-438
Author(s):  
Fred T. Davies ◽  
Sharon A. Duray ◽  
Lop Phavaphutanon ◽  
Randy Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
P Nutrition ◽  
San Luis ◽  
Total Plant

The influence of P nutrition on gas exchange, plant development, and nutrient uptake of Capsicum annuum chile ancho `San Luis' and bell pepper `Jupiter' plants was studied. Plants were fertilized weekly using 250 ml of a modified Long-Ashton solution, containing 0, 11, 22, 44, 66 or 88 μg P/ml. Phosphorus stress was evident with both pepper cultivars at 0 and 11 μg P/ml, with reduced plant growth and development: leaf number and area and fruit, leaf, stem, root, shoot, and total plant dry weight. The root: shoot ratio was greatest at 0 μg P/ml, reflecting greater dry matter partitioning to the root system. Greater P stress occurred at 0 μg·ml–1 in `San Luis' compared to `Jupiter' (88% vs. 58% reduction in total plant dry weight compared to optimum P response). `San Luis' was also more sensitive to P stress at 11 μg P/ml than `Jupiter', as indicated by the greater reduction in growth responses. With increasing P nutrition, leaf tissue P increased in both cultivars with maximum leaf tissue P at 88 μg P/ml. In `San Luis', there were no differences in tissue P between plants treated with 0 and 11 μg P/ml, whereas the `Jupiter' plants treated with 0 μg P/ml had the lowest tissue P. Low P plants generally had the highest tissue N and lowest S, Fe, Mn, Zn, B, Mo, and Al. With both cultivars, gas exchange was lowest at 0 μg P/ml, as indicated by low transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and net photosynthesis (A). Internal CO2 (Cj) and vapor pressure deficit were generally highest at 0 μg P/ml, indicating that Cj was accumulating with lower gs, E, and A in these P-stressed plants. Generally, no P treatments exceeded the gas exchange levels obtained by 44 μg P/ml (full strength LANS) plants.

scholarly journals 208 Physiological and Anatomical Evaluation of Chilling-tolerant Sweetpotato Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 427A-427
Author(s):  
Ehiorobo Izekor ◽  
James O. Garner
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Structure ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Specific Leaf Weight ◽  
Percentage Composition ◽  
Stomata Density ◽  
Diffusive Resistance ◽  
Temperature Interaction ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight ◽  
Acid Percentage

Selected physiological and anatomical characteristics of four chilling-tolerant sweetpotato genotypes were evaluated. Although the genotypes were considered highly tolerant to chilling, it was proposed that differences in their mechanism for tolerance existed. A genotype temperature interaction for chlorophyll fluorescence ratio was observed when the plants were exposed to 5 °C. Genotype differences were found for electrolyte leakage and peroxidase activity. There were no differences found for fatty acid percentage composition of the glycolipid or the phospholipid fraction from leaf samples. There were no differences in diffusive resistance and transpiration rate among the genotypes; however, stomata density, leaf shrinkage, and specific leaf weight differed among the genotypes. Differences were also found among the genotypes for percent leaf dry weight, leaf thickness, and cellular structure of the leaf. It was concluded that the basis or mechanism for chilling tolerance was not the same for the four genotypes tested; therefore, combining traits for tolerance could lead to higher tolerance levels.

scholarly journals Fittonia verschaffeltii Response to Artificial Light Treatments: BIOMASS, Nutrient Concentrations and Physiological Changes

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro García-Caparros ◽  
Eva María Almansa ◽  
Francisco Javier Barbero ◽  
Rosa María Chica ◽  
María Teresa Lao
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different light treatments on biomass, nutrient concentrations and physiological parameters of Fittonia verschaffeltii (Lem) Van Houtte. The aim was to establish a methodology to evaluate the effect of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) emitted by lamps on biomass. The light treatments used were tube luminescent Dunn (TL-D), tube luminescent Dunn + light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Tube luminescent 5 (TL-5). At the end of the experimental period, biomass, nutritional, biochemical, and physiological parameters were assessed. A clear reduction in total plant dry weight under TL-D + LEDs at the end of the experiment was recorded. With respect to nutrient concentration in the different organs assessed, there was no clear response under the different light treatments. The growth under TL-D lamps resulted in the highest concentration of total soluble sugars and starch in leaves, whereas the highest value of indole 3-acetic acid concentration was under TL-5 lamps. Plants grown under TL-D + LEDs showed the lowest values of chlorophyll a, b and a + b. The relationship proposed between integrated use of spectral energy (IUSE) and total dry weight (TDW) showed a good correlation with an R2 value of 0.86, therefore we recommend this methodology to discern the effects of the different spectral qualities on plant biomass.

Modelling the effects of potato seed-tuber age on plant establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Richard Knowles ◽  
Gabor I. Botar
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Tuber ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Tubers

Four physiological ages of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. 'Russet Burbank') seed-tubers were produced by varying the time of storage at 15 °C. Age was quantified as the accumulated degree-days (dd) above 4 °C over the 199-d storage interval, and plant emergence and establishment were then modelled in controlled environment studies. As age advanced, time to 50% sprout emergence decreased, reaching a minimum at 589 dd, and then increased with further aging. Apical dominance was also reduced, as evident from a linear increase in the number of sprouts per seedpiece with advancing age. Earlier emergence from older seed-tubers led to significantly more leaves, leaf area, and leaf and stem dry weights per plant compared with younger seed-tubers early in the study; however, this advantage in plant establishment was eventually lost as time progressed through 33 d, resulting in significant age by time interactions on each yield component. Unit leaf rate, and relative growth rates with respect to leaf area and plant dry weight, thus decreased linearly with advancing tuber age over the course of the study. Leaf area ratio of plants from older tubers was greater than that from younger tubers early in the study, but this difference decreased with time. Seed-tuber age affected LAR through altering the leaf weight ratio (efficiency of partitioning dry weight to leaves), not the specific leaf area. Yield component analysis showed that the number of leaves per stem and the leaf area per leaf accounted for 85 and 12% of the total variation in plant dry weight, respectively. Because plant establishment was clearly more advanced, there may be potential for utilizing aged Russet Burbank seed-tubers to improve grade and earliness and increase yield in areas with short growing seasons. Key words: Solanum tuberosum, seed-tuber age, vigor, potato

Interaction of soil pH and genotype on growth and nutrient uptake of sycamore seedlings

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Nursery Production ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated

Seedlings from four families of American sycamore (Platanusoccidentalis L.) were grown in a glasshouse for 16 weeks in a Groseclose silt loam soil (Typic Hapludults) in which the soil reaction (pH) had been adjusted from 6.20 to 4.25, 5.50, 6.75, or 8.00 by the addition of Al2(SO4)3 or CaCO3. On the average, seedling height and total dry weight increased with increasing soil reaction to pH 6.7 and then declined. Percentage of foliar P, K, and Ca was largest at a soil pH of 5.5 and declined with an increase or decrease in soil reaction. Foliar P, K, and Ca content is highly correlated with soil pH, seedling total dry weight, and available soil nutrients. Growth of seedlings from individual families, in response to alterations in soil pH, is variable, but the data suggest certain families exhibit significantly greater growth and nutrient uptake than others at soil pH values below 6.8. This fact may be of prime concern in hardwood seedling nursery production, where specific families are being grown, and in the evaluation of growth responses in tree improvement programs.

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