The Influence of Basalt Powder on the Physicochemical Properties of Impoverished Oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa - Cameroon)

The present study aims at assessing the fertilizing potential of basalts on impoverished oxisoils from Ngaoundéré (Adamawa, Cameroon). This specifically involves the application of finely ground basalts on impoverished oxisoils and monitoring changes in physicochemical properties during six months. An experimental design which consisted in a randomized complete block design is constituted of three series of four treatments each one: the control (ST), the control soil mixed with 100 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_10), the control soil mixed with 200 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_20), the control soil mixed with 300 g of finely ground basalt (T0 + BA_30). Each treatment was replicated ten times in every serie. The control treatment is only soils of Ng, collected at the top soil and without any basalt application. They are clayey, acid and display an average CEC. The basalt is rich in silica (47.52%), Calcium (8.22%), Magnesium (4.03%), sodium (4.01%), potassium (2.42%) and displays average content in alumina (16.54%) and iron (11.1%). The experiment was carried out in pots, and the incubated soil samples were analyzed after 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months. The analyzes mainly focused on the physicochemical parameters (Grain size analysis, pH, Cation exchange capacity (CEC), the sum of exchangeable bases (SBE) and the saturation rate (V). Obtained results indicated that the application of basalt greatly improved the chemical properties of oxisoils from Ngaoundéré: the pH changes from acidic (5.5) to weakly acidic (6.5); the saturation rate, as well as the sum of exchangeable bases and the cation exchange capacity increased. Physicochemical properties of the soil are closely accompanied by an increase in fertility. It appears that 10 and 20% treatments are the most efficient treatments. Thus, the basalts from Manwi can be recommended as petrofertilizer to improve the chemical properties of impoverished soils and especially for plants requiring alkalis and alkaline earth.

What Is an “Arachnid”? Consensus, Consilience, and Confirmation Bias in the Phylogenetics of Chelicerata

The basal phylogeny of Chelicerata is one of the opaquest parts of the animal Tree of Life, defying resolution despite application of thousands of loci and millions of sites. At the forefront of the debate over chelicerate relationships is the monophyly of Arachnida, which has been refuted by most analyses of molecular sequence data. A number of phylogenomic datasets have suggested that Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs) are derived arachnids, refuting the traditional understanding of arachnid monophyly. This result is regarded as controversial, not least by paleontologists and morphologists, due to the widespread perception that arachnid monophyly is unambiguously supported by morphological data. Moreover, some molecular datasets have been able to recover arachnid monophyly, galvanizing the belief that any result that challenges arachnid monophyly is artefactual. Here, we explore the problems of distinguishing phylogenetic signal from noise through a series of in silico experiments, focusing on datasets that have recently supported arachnid monophyly. We assess the claim that filtering by saturation rate is a valid criterion for recovering Arachnida. We demonstrate that neither saturation rate, nor the ability to assemble a molecular phylogenetic dataset supporting a given outcome with maximal nodal support, is a guarantor of phylogenetic accuracy. Separately, we review empirical morphological phylogenetic datasets to examine characters supporting Arachnida and the downstream implication of a single colonization of terrestrial habitats. We show that morphological support of arachnid monophyly is contingent upon a small number of ambiguous or incorrectly coded characters, most of these tautologically linked to adaptation to terrestrial habitats.

Numerical Simulation on the Dissociation, Formation, and Recovery of Gas Hydrates on Microscale Approach

Investigations into the structures of gas hydrates, the mechanisms of formation, and dissociation with modern instruments on the experimental aspects, including Raman, X-ray, XRD, X-CT, MRI, and pore networks, and numerical analyses, including CFD, LBM, and MD, were carried out. The gas hydrate characteristics for dissociation and formation are multi-phase and multi-component complexes. Therefore, it was important to carry out a comprehensive investigation to improve the concept of mechanisms involved in microscale porous media, emphasizing micro-modeling experiments, 3D imaging, and pore network modeling. This article reviewed the studies, carried out to date, regarding conditions surrounding hydrate dissociation, hydrate formation, and hydrate recovery, especially at the pore-scale phase in numerical simulations. The purpose of visualizing pores in microscale sediments is to obtain a robust analysis to apply the gas hydrate exploitation technique. The observed parameters, including temperature, pressure, concentration, porosity, saturation rate, and permeability, etc., present an interrelationship, to achieve an accurate production process method and recovery of gas hydrates.

Analisis Kinerja Bundaran Duhung Di Kota Kuala Kurun Kabupaten Gunung Mas

Changes in the volume of traffic passing through duhung roundabout have an impact on traffic conditions. This study aims to find out traffic volume, roundabout performance and road geometric shapes. The method used is MKJI 1997. Hasil analysis shows that the interlaces Bundaran Duhung in 2020 has the largest interlacess current value of 815 junior/hour on the AB interlace (Ahmad YaniStreet – Tjilik RiwutStreet), the largest capacity on the AB braid (Ahmad Yani Street -Jalan Tjilik Riwut),which is6803 junior/hour, with the highest saturation rate of cd braids (Jalan Kopri-Jalan Tjilik Riwut) which is0.274,the average roundabout traffic delay(DT R) is 2.07 det / smp, the average roundabout delay (DR) is 6.07 det / smp and includes the characteristics of service level in the current condition is class A. Geometric Duhung Roundabout has the largest value of -5,800%, on arm D (Jalan Tjilik Riwut), on arm A (Ahmad Yani Street) which is 2.824%, on arm B (Jalan Tjilik Riwut) which is 1.424%, on arm C (Kopri) which is -3.425%, from geometric research results of roundabout on arm D (Jalan Tjilik Riwut) does not meet the maximum limit of 4%, thus reducing the comfort of road users.

Frequency of Undiagnosed Hypoxia in Patients

Aim: To determine frequency of undiagnosed hypoxia in pts which was medically sick admitted in chest wards. Study design: Cross-sectional. Place and duration of study: Department of Medicine, Social Security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. Methodology: Two hundred and ninety patients were included in this study. Patients detailed demographics age, sex, and body mass index were recorded after taking written consent and admitted in chest wards. Presented patients were aged between 20-70 years. Pulse oximeter was used to measure the oxygen saturation levels. Mean time of hospitalization was also measured. Results: There were 170(60%) males and 120(40%) females with mean age of the patients were 40.78±18.64 years. Mean BMI was 27.78±12.64 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 160(55.17%) were from the age group 35-70 years. Calculated oxygen saturation rate was 91.98±9.42% in which minimum rate was 80% and the maximum rate was 105%. Mean heart rate was 92.96±19.20 per minute. Patients were admitted due to tuberculosis were 102(35.17%), patients with chronic pulmonary disease were 70 (24.17%), patients with pleural effusion were 30(10.34%) and the patients of asthma were 20(6.9%). In this study hypoxia was observed in 44 (15.17%) patients and was absent in 246 (84.83%) patients. Conclusion: The frequency of hypoxia was most prevalent in male patients with increasing age as compared to females and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients, it was observed more commonly. Keywords: Pulse oximeter, Oxygen saturation, Undiagnosed hypoxia

In Vitro and In Vivo Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging for the Evaluation of Chromophore Concentration

Multispectral photoacoustic imaging is a powerful noninvasive medical imaging technique that provides access to functional information. In this study, a set of methods is proposed and validated, with experimental multispectral photoacoustic images used to estimate the concentration of chromophores. The unmixing techniques used in this paper consist of two steps: (1) automatic extraction of the reference spectrum of each pure chromophore; and (2) abundance calculation of each pure chromophore from the estimated reference spectra. The compared strategies bring positivity and sum-to-one constraints, from the hyperspectral remote sensing field to multispectral photoacoustic, to evaluate chromophore concentration. Particularly, the study extracts the endmembers and compares the algorithms from the hyperspectral remote sensing domain and a dedicated algorithm for segmentation of multispectral photoacoustic data to this end. First, these strategies are tested with dilution and mixing of chromophores on colored 4% agar phantom data. Then, some preliminary in vivo experiments are performed. These consist of estimations of the oxygen saturation rate (sO2) in mouse tumors. This article proposes then a proof-of-concept of the interest to bring hyperspectral remote sensing algorithms to multispectral photoacoustic imaging for the estimation of chromophore concentration.

Dinâmica Sazonal de Nutrientes em Estuário Amazônico

As variações nos ecossistemas naturais exigem uma atenção da sociedade para a água, pois o risco de desabastecimento não é um problema localizado, é uma questão nacional. Avaliou-se o efeito da sazonalidade na qualidade da água no furo do Muriá, Curuçá, Pará. As coletas de água foram realizadas em 21 pontos distribuídos ao longo do Furo, nos meses de fevereiro, março, outubro e novembro de 2015, durante as marés vazante e enchente. As variáveis abióticas foram determinadas in situ com utilização de sonda. As análises de OD foram determinadas pelo método de Winkler (Strickland e Parsons, 1972), taxa de saturação de OD segundo tabela da UNESCO (1973), os nutrientes conforme descritos em Grasshof et al. (1983), o N-amoniacal segundo APHA (1995) e Clorofila a segundo Teixeira (1973). As variáveis ambientais apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os períodos analisados (p<0,05), tendendo a um padrão sazonal, exceto N-amoniacal (p>0,05) logo não teve influência sazonal. Levando em consideração as marés as concentrações de salinidade, CE e clorofila-a foram significativas durante a maré enchente. A turbidez foi mais elevada durante as marés de vazante (p<0,05). Os parâmetros fosfato e N-amoniacal não apresentaram diferença significativa entre marés (p>0,05). O efeito da sazonalidade pode restringir à variação da qualidade do ambiente, logo indica a relevância do monitoramento do ambiente, assim servir de ferramenta em planos de políticas públicas de melhoria do saneamento da população. Sazonal Dynamics of Nutrients in Amazonian EstuaryA B S T R A C TVariations in natural ecosystems require society's attention to water, as the risk of shortages is not a localized problem, it is a national issue. The effect of seasonality on water quality in the Creek Muriá, Curuçá, Pará, Brazil, was evaluated. Water samples were collected at 21 points along the Creek during February, March, October and November 2015, during Tides and flood. Abiotic variables were determined in situ using probe. The parameters of Dissolved Oxygen (OD), saturation rate of OD (% OD), Chlorophyll a (Cl-a), Phosphate (Fosf), Nitrite (NO2), Nitrate (NO3) and N-ammonical (N- Master). The environmental variables presented significant differences between the analyzed periods (p <0.05), tending to a seasonal pattern, except for N-ammoniacal (p> 0.05), thus not having a seasonal influence. Taking into account the tides the concentrations of salinity, EC and chlorophyll-a were significant during tide flood. The turbidity was higher during tidal ebb tides (p <0.05). The phosphate and N-ammonia parameters showed no significant difference between tides (p> 0.05). The effect of seasonality may restrict the variation of the quality of the environment, thus indicating the relevance of environmental monitoring, thus serving as a tool in public policy plans to improve population sanitation.Keywords: Chlorophyll a; nutrients; tide

ANALISIS LOAD FACTOR PERJALANAN KRL COMMUTER LINE BERDASARKAN TITIK JENUH LINTAS ( STUDI KASUS LINTAS BOGOR – MANGGARAI )

Regions which have the highest population frequency in Indonesia, are Jabodetabek where traffic jams occured almost everyday. PT Kereta Commuter Indonesia has the main duty to provide KRL trips around Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Cikarang, Maja, and Rangkasbitung. One of the most crowded is Bogor – Manggarai crossing because of the large number of workers from Bogor to Jakarta using KRL. KRL on that area are still lack because there are many passengers who could not catch the train on rush hour and it is very crowded inside the KRL.. From the statements it is needed to analyse the load factor of the Manggarai - Bogor crossing KRL trip to accommodate the passengers safely and comfortably. This analysis aimed to determine the load factor and saturation cross point of the Bogor - Manggarai KRL. The analysis carried out was expected to get the right results to predict when the saturation cross point of the Bogor - Manggarai crossing which could be seen in terms of passenger growth, and obtain the value of load factors based on those calculations. The results of the study stated that when the peak hour trip was now saturated -3.44 years the load factor 153%, the maximum trip based on the initial trip was saturated -1.15 years and the load factor 115%, the stamformation trip 12 showed a saturation rate at 0.58 years and a load a factor of 93%. When off peak hour crossing Bogor - Manggarai trip now showed a saturation rate of 2.71 years and a load factor at 72%, a maximum trip based on an initial trip, showing a 5.1 year rate and a load factor at 53%, a stamformasi 12 trip showing a saturation rate 6.76 years and a load factor at 43%.

Modelling of counter current imbibition phenomenon in two-phase fluid flows through fractured heterogeneous porous media under the effect of magnetic field

In this paper, the counter-current imbibition phenomenon is discussed in a fractured heterogeneous porous medium under the effect of magnetic field due to the presence of magnetic fluid particles in injected fluids as well as the effects of inclination, capillarity, relative permeability and the viscosity variation of native fluids on saturation rate and on the recovery rate are considered. The homotopy analysis method is used to derive an expression for finding the saturation profiles and to study the recovery rate of the reservoir with some interesting choices of parameters.

Comparison of acute cardiovascular responses during a rowing test in laboratory and field conditions

This study compares the acute cardiovascular responses of rowing athletes during a rowing test in laboratory and field conditions in order to identify possible differences between the two types of the rowing tests. Six male rowers completed the rowing tests, using the Concept2 rowing paddle at the laboratory and a skiff in the water. Heart rate, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) and oxygen saturation (% SpO2) were measured in both tests. Data analysis showed no significant differences regarding the heart rate (p > 0.05), systolic blood pressure (p > 0.05) and the oxygen saturation rate (p > 0.05) between the laboratory and field trials, while a similar evolution of these parameter values was recorded at all times when the measurements were taken. Only at diastolic pressure values, there were statistically significant differences in the measurements taken immediately post the rowing test and the values obtained up to the 7th minute of the recovery. Overall, there were only slight fluctuations in the cardiovascular responses of the rowing athletes, between the laboratory test and the field test, and the laboratory test may be quite reliable for the performance assessment of the rowers. However, field trials are reported to have the advantage of offering greater validity and specificity because they better simulate actual competition events.