scholarly journals Moisture Affects Cowpea and Okra Seed Emergence and -Growth at Low Temperatures

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurline Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Early Harvest

The effect of moisture content on the emergence and development of `Pinkeye Purple Hull' and MN 13 cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] and `Clemson Spineless' okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] seeds was investigated in a 3-year field study. Moisture content, ranging from 8% to 52%, was obtained by combining seeds, vermiculite, and varying volumes of water in sealed polyethylene packets and incubating them at 22C for 3 days. High moisture promoted the emergence of MN 13, did not significantly affect that of `Pinkeye Purple Hull', and decreased that of `Clemson Spineless' seeds. Percent seed emergence 22 days after planting averaged 17 % for `Clemson Spineless' and 15% for `Pinkeye Purple Hull' seeds, but was 44% for MN 13. High moisture generally promoted early harvest of MN 13 and increased root dry weight but did not affect fresh-pod yield significantly.

Effects of preceding maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) in sole cropping and intercropping on growth, yield and nitrogen requirement of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. OLASANTAN
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Pod Yield

Field experiments were conducted on Alfisols in Nigeria between 1991 and 1993 to determine the residual effect of maize (Zea mays) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) on the growth, pod yield and N response of a succeeding okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) crop. Cowpea and maize were grown alone with 30 and 60 kg/ha of N, P and K, respectively, or intercropped with 60 kg/ha as a basal dressing. The preceding crops had a significant effect on soil nutrient changes, okra growth and yield, and N response of okra. Cowpea increased the N, P and K status of the soil in both sole and mixed stands, compared with sole maize. Leaf area, pod weight and marketable pod yield of okra after sole cowpea or the maize/cowpea intercrop were all significantly higher than after sole maize. Although the application of nitrogen to succeeding okra promoted growth and increased pod yield, this was not accompanied by an increase in the pod yield of okra after sole cowpea or the maize/cowpea treatment beyond 45 kg N/ha. The beneficial effects of the preceding maize/cowpea intercrop on soil fertility, okra pod yield and amounts of N required for okra were partly due to the higher rate of basal nutrients applied as compared to the effects following sole cowpea.

scholarly journals Determination of Pathogenicity of Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berkeley and Ravenel) Thaxt, Amongst Commonly Cultivated Vegetables in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick I. Akwaji ◽  
Umana E. Johnson ◽  
Udo S. Effiong ◽  
Markson Aniedi-Abasi ◽  
Okey E. Ntui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Choanephora Cucurbitarum ◽  
Test Plants

Choanephora cucurbitarum is a plant pathogenic fungus with a wide host range. The fungus was isolated from rotting fruits of Capsicum anuum, after it was observed that some vegetables were infected in the farm. The role of infection courts on severity was determined by inoculating the pathogen into soil, leaves and stems of the test plants. The test plants used were Abelmoschus esculentus, Amaranthus sp, Cucumis sativus and Vigna unguiculata. Determinants of pathogenicity were plant height, leaf reduction, fresh and dry weight. Results showed that the fungus was pathogenic to the test plants. A significant reduction in height, leaves, fresh and dry weight of the test plants was observed when compared with the control. The greatest effect of the pathogen was on the inoculated stem of the test plants with a mean of 42.94. The least effect was observed on infected soil with a mean of 92.99. Cucumis sativus showed the least effect by the pathogen with a mean of 84.18, while Abelmoschus esculentus showed the greatest effect with a mean of 44.59. The pathogen showed the greatest effect on leaves of Cucumis sativus with a mean of 20.45, while the least effect was on Vigna unguiculata with a mean of 36.77.Fresh weight ranged from 3.35g to 37.40g, Dry weight 2.15 to 7.90g as compared with the control which had a fresh weight of 7.0g to 57.25g and 3.8g to 11.90g for dry weight. Symptoms such as leaf blight, blight of the shoot apex, soft rot of stems, die back and decay of Vigna unguiculata pods were observed.

Witches' Broom disease of Lucerne. III. A greenhouse study on symptom expression and growth in relation to frequency of watering and cutting

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Helms
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Broom Disease ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The effects of frequency of watering and cutting on symptom expression and growth of witches' broom-diseased lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Clones of two strains of diseased lucerne and one clone of non-infected lucerne were given four treatment combinations of two rates of watering and two frequencies of cutting. The cultural treatments caused pronounced differences in the growth of diseased plants and small differences in the growth of non-infected plants. Symptoms of the two strains of witches' broom-diseased lucerne maintained their characteristic identities in all four treatments. For both strains, symptoms were consistently more severe in plants grown in soil of low moisture content and cut at intervals of 6 weeks rather than 12 weeks. In the spring some diseased plants of one strain, which were grown in soil of high moisture content and cut at 12-weekly intervals, showed partial masking of symptoms. A high mortality of diseased plants was associated with frequent cutting. The seasonal patterns of dry weight yield and moisture content were essentially the same for each cultural treatment and for both diseased and non-infected plants. The yield of non-infected plants was significantly greater than that of diseased plants. The total yield of all three clones was increased by cutting at 12-weekly intervals rather than at 6-weekly intervals. The greatest reduction in yield of diseased plants as compared with non-infected plants was in treatment combinations in which there was a low soil moisture and cutting was at 6-weekly intervals.

Effect of pruning on growth, leaf yield and pod yields of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench)

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. OLASANTAN ◽  
A. W. SALAU
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fresh Leaf ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Young Leaves

SUMMARYYoung leaves and pods of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus(L.) Moench) are edible, and so a crop management strategy for removing edible leaves while sustaining good pod yields is required. Pruning treatments were imposed on apically debudded okra plants for 3 years to assess effects of removing a quarter, half or three-quarters of the primary branches on growth and fresh leaf and pod yields. Pruning significantly (P<0·05) delayed fruiting by 8–10 days, extended length of harvest duration by 12–15 days and increased number of pods/plant by 10–40% and pod yield by 9–36% more than the control plants which had neither apical bud removal nor pruning. However, no difference in pod weight or pod length was found between these treatments and the control. Three-quarters pruning significantly (P<0·05) increased fresh leaf yield by 29–49%, but not all the leaves were desirable for consumption because of high fibre content. Decreases were seen in the numbers of secondary branches, shoot dry weight and pod yields (by 40–57, 22–36 and 22–30%, respectively, more than a quarter or half pruning). Although early production of pods in the control plants is often important for early maturity and high market prices, the present study found that a delay in fruiting, an extension in length of harvest duration and an increase in pod yield in plants with a quarter or half pruning enhanced staggered production and maximal pod yield. This helps to ensure a better market price and to enable growers avoid a glut on the market. A direct promotional effect of pruning on pod yields provides a possible strategy for growing okra for both leaf and pod harvests. A quarter or half pruning from the upper parts of the main stems of apically debudded plants to ensure good production and quality of leaves and pods is therefore recommended if okra is to be grown for both leaf and pod yields.

scholarly journals Integrating Moisture Characteristic Curves with Gravimetric Data in the Management of Substrate Moisture Content for Annual Vinca

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1197-1202
Author(s):  
Adam F. Newby ◽  
James E. Altland ◽  
Daniel K. Struve ◽  
Claudio C. Pasian ◽  
Peter P. Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sphagnum Moss ◽  
Matric Potential ◽  
Characteristic Curves ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Moisture Characteristic ◽  
Substrate Moisture

Greenhouse growers must use water more efficiently. One way to achieve this goal is to monitor substrate moisture content to decrease leaching. A systems approach to irrigation management would include knowledge of substrate matric potentials and air-filled pore space (AS) in addition to substrate moisture content. To study the relationship between substrate moisture and plant growth, annual vinca (Catharanthus roseus L.) was subject to a 2 × 2 factorial combination of two irrigation treatments and two substrates with differing moisture characteristic curves (MCCs). A gravimetric on-demand irrigation system was used to return substrate moisture content to matric potentials of −2 or −10 kPa at each irrigation via injected drippers inserted into each container. Moisture characteristic curves were used to determine gravimetric water content (GWC), volumetric water content (VWC), and AS at target substrate matric potential values for a potting mix consisting of sphagnum moss and perlite and a potting mix consisting of sphagnum moss, pine bark, perlite, and vermiculite. At each irrigation event, irrigation automatically shut off when the substrate-specific weight of the potted plants associated with the target matric potential was reached. Irrigation was triggered when the associated weight for a given treatment dropped 10% from the target weight. VWC and AS differed between substrates at similar matric potential values. Irrigating substrates to −2 kPa increased the irrigation volume applied, evapotranspiration, plant size, leaf area, shoot and root dry weight, and flower number per plant relative to irrigating to −10 kPa. Fafard 3B had less AS than Sunshine LB2 at target matric potential values. Plants grown in Fafard 3B had greater leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight. Leachate fraction ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 and was similar across all treatment combinations. Using data from an MCC in conjunction with gravimetric monitoring of the container–substrate–plant system allowed AS to be determined in real time based on the current weight of the substrate. Closely managing substrate matric potential and AS in addition to substrate water content can reduce irrigation and leachate volume while maintaining plant quality and reducing the environmental impacts of greenhouse crop production.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF COWPEA TO INOCULATION WITH STRAINS OF Bradyrhizobium spp. AND TO NITROGEN FERTILIZER UNDER PROTECTED CULTIVATION

Nativa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Arlete Da Silva Bandeira ◽  
Paulo Araquém Ramos Cairo ◽  
Ramon Correia de Vasconcelos ◽  
Adriana Dias Cardoso ◽  
Manoel Nelson De Castro Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Symbiotic Efficiency ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

RESPOSTA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI A INOCULAÇÃO COM ESTIRPES DE BRADYRHIZOBIUM E ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM CULTIVO PROTEGIDOA inoculação de sementes de feijão-caupi com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio atmosférico pode ser uma alternativa de manejo mais sustentável. Neste estudo, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inoculação e doses de N sobre características do feijão-caupi, em cultivo protegido. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, com quatro fontes de N, caracterizadas por três estirpes (BR 3262, BR 3267 e BR 3299) e uma testemunha sem inoculação e sem N mineral, e quatro doses de adubação nitrogenada (0, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-1). As características avaliadas foram: altura de plantas, massas secas da parte aérea, da raiz e de toda a planta, número de nódulos, massa seca de nódulos e eficiência relativa dos tratamentos. No tratamento inoculado com a estirpe BR 3267, a massa seca da parte aérea, raiz e de toda a planta aumentaram, com doses crescentes de N até 30 kg ha-1. Entretanto, a nodulação foi inibida, com o aumento da dose de N. A eficiência simbiótica da estirpe BR 3262 foi semelhante à da testemunha, sendo as demais inferiores, indicando que a população nativa de rizóbios, por si só, é capaz de suprir a demanda da planta.Palavras-chave: Bradyrhizobium; fixação biológica de nitrogênio; nutrição mineral; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. ABSTRACT: Inoculating cowpea seeds with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria may be a more sustainable management alternative. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of inoculation and N fertilizer rates on characteristics of cowpea grown in greenhouse. A randomized complete block design was used. Treatments were laid out in a 4 x 4 factorial experiment consisting of four N sources: three inoculant strains (BR 3262, BR 3267 and BR 3299) and a non-inoculated control without mineral N supply; and four N fertilizer rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1). The following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry weight, number of nodules, nodule dry weight, and relative efficiency of treatments. For the treatment inoculated with strain BR 3267, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight increased with increasing N rate up to 30 kg ha-1. However, nodulation was inhibited with increasing N rate. The symbiotic efficiency of strain 3262 was similar to that of the control and lower than the remaining strains, indicating that the indigenous population of rhizobia, by itself, is able to meet the plant’s N demand.Keywords: Bradyrhizobium; biological nitrogen fixation; mineral nutrition; Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

Genetic variation for rate of establishment in caucasian clover

1998 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
K.H. Widdup ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
C.J. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Trifolium Ambiguum ◽  
Root Dry Weight

Slow establishment of caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum L.) is hindering the use of this legume in pasture mixtures. Improved genetic material is one strategy of correcting the problem. Newly harvested seed of hexaploid caucasian clover germplasm covering a range of origins, together with white and red clover and lucerne, were sown in 1 m rows in a Wakanui soil at Lincoln in November 1995. After 21 days, the caucasian clover material as a group had similar numbers of emerged seedlings as white clover and lucerne, but was inferior to red clover. There was wide variation among caucasian clover lines (48-70% seedling emergence), with the cool-season selection from cv. Monaro ranked the highest. Recurrent selection at low temperatures could be used to select material with improved rates of seedling emergence. Red clover and lucerne seedlings produced significantly greater shoot and root dry weight than caucasian and white clover seedlings. Initially, caucasian clover seedlings partitioned 1:1 shoot to root dry weight compared with 3:1 for white clover. After 2 months, caucasian clover seedlings had similar shoot growth but 3 times the root growth of white clover. Between 2 and 5 months, caucasian clover partitioned more to root and rhizome growth, resulting in a 0.3:1 shoot:root ratio compared with 2:1 for white clover. Both clover species had similar total dry weight after 5 months. Unhindered root/ rhizome devel-opment is very important to hasten the establishment phase of caucasian clover. The caucasian clover lines KZ3 and cool-season, both selections from Monaro, developed seedlings with greater shoot and root growth than cv. Monaro. KZ3 continued to produce greater root growth after 5 months, indicating the genetic potential for improvement in seedling growth rate. Different pasture estab-lishment techniques are proposed that take account of the seedling growth characteristics of caucasian clover. Keywords: establishment, genetic variation, growth, seedling emergence, Trifolium ambiguum

Respon Akar Bibit Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata) Di Pembibitan Pada Pemberian Dosis dan Interval Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Yetti Elidar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dose Study ◽  
Palm Sugar ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Research on the response of roots of palm sugar palm seeds (Arenga pinnata) in nurseries at doses and intervals of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer. Aims to determine the dosage, interval and combination of dosages and fertilization intervals with Nasa liquid organic fertilizer which can provide the best dry weight of the roots in the nursery. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3x3 factorial experiments and each treatment was repeated 8 (eight) times, consisting of: the first factor was the treatment of POC Nasa dose in a concentration of 3 cc POC Nasa per liter of water (D) consists of 3 levels, namely: d1 = 300 ml POC Nasa, d2 = 400 ml POC Nasa, d3 = 500 ml POC Nasa, while the second factor is the treatment of POC Nasa Interval (I) consisting of 3 levels, namely: i1 = 2 once a week, i2 = once every 3 weeks, i3 = once every 4 weeks. The results of the POC Nasa dose study had a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level are: d2 (400 ml of Nasa liquid organic fertilizer), the interval of liquid organic fertilizer Nasa has a significant effect on leaf wet weight, leaf dry weight, root wet weight and root dry weight. The best dose at this level is: i1 (once every 2 weeks). The treatment combination has no significant effect on all parameters. 

Drying kinetics of processed natural coffee with high moisture content

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdiney Cambuy Siqueira ◽  
Flávio Meira Borém ◽  
Guilherme Euripedes Alves ◽  
Eder Pedroza Isquierdo ◽  
Afonso Celso Ferreira Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
High Moisture Content ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Kinetics Of

Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, propor um novo método de processamento e secagem, assim como avaliar o comportamento dos grãos submetidos a este processo, por meio da taxa de redução de água e do ajuste de diferentes modelos matemáticos aos dados experimentais da secagem. Os frutos colhidos no estágio maduro foram divididos em três lotes. O primeiro foi seco continuamente à temperatura de 40±1 °C. O segundo consiste na secagem do café natural até os teores de água de 0,56±0,02, 0,41±0,02, 0,28±0,02 e 0,20±0,02 decimal (base seca, b.s.), seguido de beneficiamento e secagem contínua nas temperaturas de 35±1 ºC e 40±1 ºC. O terceiro lote correspondeu à secagem contínua do café descascado e desmucilado na temperatura de 40±1 °C. Em todos os lotes, a secagem foi encerrada quando os grãos atingiram o teor de água de 0,12±0,05 (b.s.). Aos dados experimentais da secagem foram ajustados dez modelos matemáticos utilizados para representação da secagem dos produtos agrícolas. Além da representação da cinética de secagem foi avaliada a taxa de redução de água dos grãos. Conclui-se que a taxa de redução de água é maior para a temperatura de secagem de 40±1 °C, especialmente para maiores teores de água. O tempo total de secagem do café beneficiado com alto teor de água é expressivamente reduzido, quando comparado ao tempo de secagem completa do café natural. O modelo de Midilli descreve satisfatoriamente a cinética de secagem do café beneficiado.

Comparative Effect of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea l.) Genotypes on Yield and N Fixation in Sudan and Northern Guinea Savannahs of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Pod Yield

Recognition of high yielding and nitrogen (N) fixing groundnut genotypes and desegregating them in the cereal-based cropping systems common in savannah regions will enhance food security and reduce the need for high N fertilizers hence, minimize the high cost and associated environmental consequences. Field trials were conducted during the 2015 growing season at the Research Farms of Bayero University Kano (BUK) and Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR), Ahmadu Bello University, Samaru-Zaria to assess the yield potential and Biolog- ical N fixation in 15 groundnut genotypes (ICG 4729, ICGV-IS 07823, ICGV-IS 07893, ICGV-IS 07908, ICGV- SM 07539, ICGV- SM 07599, ICGV-IS 09926, ICGV-IS 09932, ICGV-IS 09992, ICGV-IS 09994, SAMNUT-21, SAMNUT-22, SAMNUT-25, KAMPALA and KWANKWAS). The groundnut genotypes and reference Maize crop (SAMMAZ 29) were planted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. N difference method was used to estimate the amount of N fixed. The parameters determined were the number of nodules, nod- ule dry weight, shoot and root dry weights, pod, and haulm yield as well as N fixation. The nodule dry weight, BNF, haulm, and pod yield were statistically significant (P<0.01) concerning genotype and location. Similarly, their interac- tion effect was also highly significant. ICGV-IS 09926 recorded the highest nod- ule dry weight of 2.07mg /plant across the locations while ICGV-IS 09932 had the highest BNF value of 140.27Kg/ha. Additionally, KAMPALA had the high- est haulm yield, while ICGV-IS 07893 had the highest pod yield across the loca- tions with a significant interaction effect. The result shows that ICGV-IS 07893 and ICGV-IS 09932, as well as ICGV-IS 09994 and SAMNUT – 22, were the best genotypes concerning BNF, haulm and pod yield in the Northern Guinea and Sudan Savannahs of Nigeria respectively with the potential for a corresponding beneficial effect.

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