scholarly journals 080 PREDICTING APPLE ROOTSTOCK PERFORMANCE FROM ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 439e-439
Author(s):  
W.C. Olien ◽  
D.C. Ferree ◽  
B.L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Estimate ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
A Site ◽  
Analysis Models

Rootstock recommendation is complicated by performance-site interactions. The N C140 Regional Project recently completed a lo-year evaluation of 9 rootstocks in locations across North America. Based on this data, we developed stability analysis models and demonstrated significant rootstock-site interactions for cumulative yield (CY) and trunk cross-sectional-area (CSA). The models require a site index (SI) estimated from mean performance over rootstocks within site. Prediction of rootstock performance in untested sites would be possible with an independent estimate of SI. We tested prediction of SI from mean maximum temperature (T) and total moisture received (M) and divided T and M into 5 phenological periods: Dee-Jan (Dormant), Feb-Apr (Prebloom), May-Jun (fruit Set), July-Sept (fruit Growth), and Oct-Nov (Postharvest). SICSA was not predicted by any T or M variable. SICY was predicted by TSet. TGrow, and MSet, but TSet and MSet were codependent. SICY was best predicted from a linear relationship with TSet.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL AND STABILITY ACROSS ENVIRONMENTS OF NINE APPLE ROOTSTOCKS IN THEIR INFLUENCE ON GROWTH AND YIELD

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1173f-1173
Author(s):  
William C. Olien ◽  
David C. Ferree ◽  
Bert L. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
High Stability ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
A Site

Nine apple rootstocks grafted with `Starkspur Supreme Delicious' were evaluated in 19 states over 9 to 10 years by the NC 140 Regional Project as a randomized complete block with 10 replications in each site. Effects on trunk cross-sectional area (TA), cumulative yield per tree (Yc), and cumulative yield efficiency (YEc=Yc/TA) were evaluated. Rootstock differences in mean potential (mean performance at the mean site) and environmental stability (slope across sites) were compared by analysis of rootstock performance within a site linearly regressed on mean performance of all rootstock in that site. MAC 24 had the highest mean potential of Yc and TA with lowest stability, giving this rootstock the highest Yc and TA in best sites, and lowest in poor sites. M.27 EMLA was the opposite, having low potential and high stability in Yc and TA. In YEc, M.27 EMLA and MAC9 had high potential and low stability, while OAR1, M.7 EMLA, and especially MAC 24 were the opposite. YEc of Ott.3 and M.26 were average in both respects. M.9 had high potential YEc with average stability. M.9 EMLA was unique in having both high potential and high stability of YEc.

Effect of Four Training Systems on Growth and Productivity of `Cortland'/M.9 EMLA Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 451e-451
Author(s):  
J.R. Schupp ◽  
S.I. Koller
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Size ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Planting Distance

`Cortland'/M.9 EMLA trees were planted in 1991 at 1.8 ×4.2-m spacing. The trees were trained to one of four systems: 1) Vertical Axis; 2) Y trellis; 3) Solen; or 4) Palmette trellis. Tree survival was 86% for Palmette trees and approached 100% for the other three systems. Annual yield and cumulative yield per tree of Vertical Axis and Y trellis was twice that of Solen or Palmette. Tree vigor was sub-optimal relative to planting distance in this study. Trunk cross-sectional area of Vertical Axis trees was larger than that of trees trained to Solen or Palmette, while trees trained to Y trellis were intermediate in trunk growth. Canopy volumes of Vertical Axis and Y trellis trees were similar, and greater than that of Solen or Palmette trees. Fruit size on Solen and Palmette trees was larger than that of Y trellis trees in 1995 and 1996, while fruit size on Vertical Axis trees was intermediate. Cumulative yield per cubic meter of canopy volume was the same for all four systems, suggesting that differences in productivity among systems were attributable to the effects of tree training practices on tree size, not to differences among systems in precocity or efficiency. The low heading cut needed to establish the lowest tier of branches on the Palmette system reduced tree vigor and in some cases, resulted in mortality. The horizontal training of the primary branches of the Solen severely reduced tree vigor. In this study, where tree vigor was sub-optimal due to rootstock selection, the additional restrictions in tree growth resulting from restrictive training methods resulted in a significant loss in productivity.

scholarly journals P124 Are chronic pain syndromes associated with a unique cytokine profile? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Furtado O'Mahony ◽  
Arnav Srivastava ◽  
Puja Mehta ◽  
Coziana Ciurtin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Syndromes ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Cytokine Milieu ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Chronic Pain Syndromes

Abstract Background/Aims  The aetiology of primary chronic pain syndromes (CPS) is highly disputed. One theory suggests that pain is due to a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu leading to nociceptive activation. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to assess differences in cytokines levels in CPS patients versus healthy controls (HC). Methods  Human studies published in English from PubMed, MEDLINE/Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched from inception up to January 2020. We included full text cross-sectional or longitudinal studies with cytokine measurements in CPS patients and HC. We excluded studies with underlying organic pathology. Quality assessment was completed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to report pooled effects and 95% CIs. Study registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020193774). Results  Initial search yielded 324 papers, 36 studies (3229 participants) eligible for systematic review and 26 studies (2048 participants) suitable for metaanalysis. There were reproducible findings supporting trends of cytokine levels comparing CPS patients with HC. Eotaxin (chemokine) however was consistently raised in CPS. Meta-analysis showed significantly increased tumour necrosis factor (TNF) (SMD=0.39, p = 0.0009, %95I=0.16-0.63, p < 0.001; I2=70%, Q2 p < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-6 (SMD=0.15, 8 (SMD=0.26, p = 0.01, 95%CI =0.05-0.47; I2=61%, Q2 p = 0.005) and IL-10 (SMD=0.61; %95 = 0.34-0.89, p < 0.001; I2 = 10%, Q2 p = 0.34) in CPS compared to HC. Conclusion  We found significant differences in peripheral blood cytokine profiles of CPS patients compared to HC. However, the distinctive profile associated with CPS includes both pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8), and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) in pooled analysis, as well as chemokine (eotaxin) signatures. Disclosure  L. Furtado O'Mahony: None. A. Srivastava: None. P. Mehta: None. C. Ciurtin: None.

scholarly journals Early Height Growth and Site Index of Lodgepole Pine Under Wet and Dry Soil Moisture Regimes in British Columbia

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Gordon D. Nigh
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Soil Moisture Availability ◽  
A Site ◽  
Growth Intercept

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether the relationship between site index and early height growth of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) is the same on wet and dry sites. If the height growth/site index relationship is the same for different site types, then only one growth intercept model is required to estimate site index. Indicator variables in nonlinear regression were used to incorporate soil moisture availability into a growth intercept model. One set of parameters in a site index/early height growth model was adequate for both wet and dry sites. This result was supported graphically. Therefore, only one growth intercept model is necessary for the sites examined in this study. West. J. Appl. For. 12(1):5-8.

AN EVALUATION OF SEVERAL METHODS OF ESTIMATING SITE INDEX OF IMMATURE STANDS

1952 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Ker
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Office Procedure ◽  
Minimum Sample ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University ◽  
Site Classes

The use of dominant heights for the estimation of site index is compared with the use of the average of dominant and codominant heights. Data collected on the University Research Forest are presented to illustrate the variability in tree heights and diameters within the two upper crown classes in well-stocked stands of immature Douglas fir.HeightIt is shown that the use of dominant heights reduces considerably the number of measurements required for a site index determination of given accuracy. Minimum sample sizes are given for three limits of accuracy for use in different site qualities. A general field and office procedure is outlined for the determination of minimum sample size in stands other than those described.DiameterThe use of diameter in site determination is discussed. Site indices based on the height of the tree of mean diameter, the height of the tree of mean basal area, and mean height are compared.ConclusionsQuick estimates of site quality can best be obtained by the measurement of total height of sample dominant trees, selected at random. For this purpose, tables are presented which list the average height of dominant trees by age and site classes for use in stands of Douglas fir, and western hemlock, respectively.

scholarly journals Multimorbilidade e Gravidade da Doença Medida pelo Índice de Charlson em Doentes Hospitalizados Durante o Ano de 2015: Estudo Transversal

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Paula Broeiro-Gonçalves ◽  
Paulo Nogueira ◽  
Pedro Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Analysis Models

Introduction: The association between multimorbidity and disease severity is not well established. The objectives were to characterise multimorbidity and determine disease severity (trough Charlson), as well as to verify if there is an association between the number and type of disease and the Charlson index.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study based on exported data from the Portuguese National Health Service hospitalisations database, during the year 2015. The study included 22 chronic health conditions: 15 predicted in the Charlson index and seven frequent conditions (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression). The analysis was performed through the generalised linear model, considering binary logistic regression. In the analysis, the IBM SPSS version 24.0 tool was used.Results: The study analysed 800 376 hospitalisations, from which 42% correspond to males. The average age of the sample was 59.8 years, being higher in men (62.3 years). The mean number of problems per person was 1.6, greater in men (1.8). Disease severity was also higher in males. The worst prognosis was associated with six or more conditions per person. The largest predictor of disease severity was the number of problems, followed by dementia and diabetes. Discussion: The results seem to confirm the gender difference regarding morbidity pattern. The number of conditions per person was the greatest predictor of disease severity, particularly the presence of six or more conditions per person.Conclusion: The major limitation was the use of the same medical conditions to measure multimorbidity and disease severity. Other studies and analysis models should explore the complexity of the multimorbidity phenomenon.

scholarly journals Increased expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in ovarian/peritoneal endometriotic lesions

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 151 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla A Piccinato ◽  
Rosa M Neme ◽  
Natália Torres ◽  
Lívia Renta Sanches ◽  
Priscilla Bento Mattos Cruz Derogis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Estrogen Metabolism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eutopic Endometrium ◽  
Endometrial Cells ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
A Site

Abstract Endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent disease affecting up to 10% of all premenopausal women. There is evidence that different endometriosis sites show distinct local estrogen concentration, which, in turn, might be due to a unique local estrogen metabolism. We aimed to investigate whether there was a site-specific regulation of selected enzymes responsible for the oxidative metabolism of estrogens in biopsy samples and endometrial and endometriotic stromal cells. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA and protein expressions in deep-infiltrating (rectal, retossigmoidal, and uterossacral) lesions, superficial (ovarian and peritoneal) lesions, and eutopic and healthy (control) endometrium were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blot. Using a cross-sectional study design with 58 premenopausal women who were not under hormonal treatment, we were able to identify an overall increased CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression in superficial lesions compared with the healthy endometrium. CYP1A1 mRNA expression in superficial lesions was also greater than in the eutopic endometrium. Interestingly, we found a similar pattern of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression in in vitro stromal cells isolated from ovarian lesions (n=3) when compared with stromal cells isolated from either rectum lesions or eutopic endometrium. In contradiction, there was an increased half-life of estradiol (measured by HPLC-MS-MS) in ovarian endometriotic stromal cells compared with paired eutopic stromal endometrial cells. Our results indicate that there is a site-dependent regulation of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 in ovarian/peritoneal lesions and ovarian endometriotic stromal cells, whereas a slower metabolism is taking place in these cells.

Survival and Growth of Red Pine Planted on a Hardwood Site – A Second Look

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
A Site

A 55-year-old stand of second-growth northern hardwood growing on a well-drained sandy loam soil was converted to red pine to compare with an adjacent 1929 plantation. Part of the plantation was cleaned during the second and third growing seasons and second-year survival was 72%. In the non-cleaned portion, which is reverting to maple sprouts, aspen suckers, brush, and weeds, pine survival was 38%. Annual height growth averaged 15.0 and 8.1 cm (6.0 and 3.2. in.), respectively. Differences in early success of the two plantings are attributed to: 1) greater competition after clearing pole-size hardwoods; 2) larger tops and better developed root systems of 2-1-2 transplants used in 1929; 3) planting in prepared spots in 1929; and 4) above normal growing season precipitation during 1929, and below normal in 1976. Converting pole-size northern hardwoods to red pine will be difficult and expensive. Competing vegetation will be the most serious problem, particularly on good hardwood sites. Investments in converting hardwoods to red pine should be concentrated in poor quality stands on well drained soils with a site index for maple of 50 or less.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637f-637
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

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