091 PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES OF GRAPEVINES TO METHANOL

The response of grapevines to methanol was investigated at the Orchard Mesa Research Center in Grand Junction, CO. Optimum sublethal methanol dose levels, based on visual assessments, were 90% for leaves and 100% for trunks for 10 cultivars. Total soluble sugars (TSS) of the berries, monitored every week until harvest, showed significant differences with Muscat Blanc during veraison. Berries from the methanol-treated vines had higher TSS (16.4 °Brix) than controls (15 °Brix). However, no significant differences were observed later in the season when approaching fruit maturity. At harvest, data on yields as estimated by cluster weight, berry weight and berry size showed no differences between the two treatments. Methanol did not enhance cold hardiness of bud tissues. measured by differential thermal analysis. It was concluded that, although methanol has been reported to improve several physiological features of C3 crops, our study suggested that it has little or no practical effect on grapes. More data on the determination of sugars in berries by HPLC will be discussed.

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The Interaction of Photoperiod and Temperature on Cold Hardiness and the Accumulation of Soluble Sugars in Two Cultivars of Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.848f ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 848F-848

Author(s):

C.L. Haynes ◽

O.M. Lindstrom ◽

M.A. Dirr

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Cold Acclimation ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Soluble Sugar ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Magnolia Grandiflora ◽

Temperature Interaction

Decreasing photoperiods and decreasing temperatures induce cold acclimation and the accumulation of soluble sugars in many plants. Two cultivars of southern magnolia differing in cold hardiness and acclimation patterns, were monitored to determine photoperiod × temperature interaction on cold hardiness and soluble sugar content. Cold hardiness increased with low temperatures and short photoperiods. Total soluble sugars, sucrose, and raffinose consistently increased in the leaves and stems of both cultivars in response primarily to low temperature. `Little Gem' was less responsive to photoperiod than `Claudia Wannamaker'

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Performance of Alternative European Wine Grape Cultivars in Southwestern Idaho: Cold Hardiness, Berry Maturity, and Yield

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.24.1.138 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 138-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Krista Shellie ◽

Jacob Cragin ◽

Marcelo Serpe

Keyword(s):

Cold Hardiness ◽

Cabernet Sauvignon ◽

Wine Grape ◽

Wine Quality ◽

Cluster Architecture ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Berry Size ◽

Fruit Maturity ◽

Grape Cultivars ◽

Similar Yield

The cold tolerance, phenology, yield, and fruit maturity of alternative red- and white-skinned wine grape cultivars (Vitis vinifera) of European origin were compared with those of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ over two growing seasons in southwestern Idaho. Variability among alternative cultivars was detected for cold hardiness, onset of phenological events, yield, and fruit composition. The red-skinned cultivars Montepulciano and Tinto Cão were the least cold hardy of the alternative cultivars. The red-skinned cultivars Aleatico, Aglianico, and Graciano had similar yield but matured later than the leading cultivars Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon and were among the more cold-sensitive alternative cultivars. ‘Grüner Veltliner’, ‘Sauvignon Gris’, and ‘Trousseau’ cold acclimated early, had high midwinter bud cold hardiness, and had similar or higher yield and fruit maturity as the leading cultivars. The white-skinned cultivars Verdelho, Fernão Pires, Sauvignon Blanc Musqué, and Sauvignon Gris had similar or less vine injury, similar or earlier phenology, and similar yield and fruit maturity as the leading cultivars. The large berry size of the red-skinned cultivars Trousseau and Touriga Brasiliera warrants evaluation for wine quality. The cultivar variability identified in this study for cold hardiness, phenology, cluster architecture, and yield provides a useful guide for cultivar site selection.

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The Natural Radioactivity in Food: A Comparison Between Different Feeding Regimes

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1874609811666180223155529 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 493-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Caridi ◽

Santina Marguccio ◽

Alberto Belvedere ◽

Maurizio D`Agostino ◽

Giovanna Belmusto

Keyword(s):

Vegetable Oils ◽

Natural Radioactivity ◽

Specific Activity ◽

Mean Value ◽

Vegetable Food ◽

Fish Samples ◽

Feeding Regimes ◽

Italian Origin ◽

Dose Levels

Background: In this article a comprehensive study was carried out for the determination of natural radioactivity in animal and vegetable food (meat, fish, milk and derivates, legumes, cereals and derivates, fruit, hortalizas, vegetables, vegetable oils) typical of different feeding regimes, for the age category higher than 17 years. Methods: A total of eighty-five samples of Italian origin, coming from large retailers during the years 2014, 2015 and 2016, were analyzed through HPGe gamma spectrometry. Results: The specific activity of 40K was investigated and its mean value was found to be: (106.3 ± 6.9) Bq/kg for bovine, swine and sheep meat; (116.5 ± 9.7) Bq/kg for fish; (52.9 ± 3.1) Bq/kg for milk and derivates; (271.9 ± 16.7) Bq/kg for legumes; (67.2 ± 4.7) Bq/kg for cereals and derivates; (52.7 ± 4.4) Bq/kg for fruit; (72.9 ± 5.6) Bq/kg for hortalizas; (83.9 ± 6.5) Bq/kg for vegetables; lower than the minimum detectable activity for vegetable oils. For animal food the highest mean 40K activity concentration was found in fish samples; for vegetable food the highest one was detected in legumes. Conclusion: The evaluation of dose levels due to the food ingestion typical of Mediterranean, Vegetarian and Vegan diets was performed. The annual effective dose was found to be 0.16 mSv/y, 0.41 mSv/y and 0.54 mSv/y, respectively.

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Quantitative Determination of the Effects of He-Ne Laser Irradiation on Seed Thermodynamics, Germination Attributes and Metabolites of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in Relation with the Activities of Germination Enzymes

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11071411 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1411

Author(s):

Rashida Perveen ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Yasir Jamil ◽

Qasim Ali ◽

Shafaqat Ali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Carthamus Tinctorius ◽

Fast Decline ◽

Seed Irradiation ◽

Seed Reserves ◽

Positive Correlations

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of different doses (100, 300, and 500 mJ) of low power He–Ne laser (632.8 nm) irradiation on seed germination and thermodynamics attributes and activities of potential germinating enzymes in relation with changes in seed metabolites. He–Ne laser seed irradiation increased the amylase (Amy), protease (Pro) and glucosidase (Gluco) activities, with a significant improvement in seed thermodynamics and seed germination attributes. A fast increase was found in free fatty acids (FFA), free amino acids (FAA), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoids (Car), total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) in laser treated seeds in parallel with fast decline in seed oil contents and total soluble proteins (TSP). Significant positive correlations were recorded in laser-induced enhanced seed energy levels, germination, activities of germination enzymes with levels of FAA, FFA, Chl, TSS and RS, but a negative correlation with the levels of TSP and oil. In conclusion, the seed treatment with 100 and 300 mJ He–Ne laser was more effective to improve the seed germination potential associated with an improvement in seed energy levels due to increased activities of germination enzymes due to the speedy breakdown of seed reserves to simple metabolites as building blocks.

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Seasonal Nonstructural Carbohydrate Patterns in Dewberry (Rubus spp.) Roots

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2020.96 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Katherine M. Ghantous ◽

Hilary A. Sandler

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Leaf Expansion ◽

Control Measures ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Nonstructural Carbohydrate ◽

Fruit Maturity

Abstract Applying control measures when carbohydrate levels are low can decrease the likelihood of plant survival, but little is known about the carbohydrate cycles of dewberry (Rubus spp.), a problematic weed group on cranberry farms. Weedy Rubus plants were collected from areas adjacent to production beds on commercial cranberry farms in Massachusetts, two locations per year for two years. For each site and year, four entire plants were collected at five phenological stages: budbreak, full leaf expansion, flowering, fruit maturity, and after onset of dormancy. Root sections were analyzed for total nonstructural carbohydrate (TNC; starch, sucrose, fructose, and glucose). Overall trends for all sites and years showed TNC were lowest at full leaf expansion or flowering; when sampled at dormancy, TNC concentrations were greater than or equal to those measured at budbreak. Starch, a carbohydrate form associated with long-term storage, had low levels at budbreak, leaf expansion and/or flowering with a significant increase at fruit maturity and the onset of dormancy, ending at levels higher than those found at budbreak. The concentration of soluble sugars, carbohydrate forms readily usable by plants, was highest at budbreak compared to the other four phenological samplings. Overall, our findings supported the hypothesis that TNC levels within the roots of weedy Rubus plants can be predicted based on different phenological growth stages in Massachusetts. However, recommendations for timing management practices cannot be based on TNC cycles alone; other factors such as temporal proximity to dormancy may also impact Rubus plants recovery and further research is warranted. Late-season damage should allow less time for plants to replenish carbohydrate reserves (prior to the onset of dormancy), thereby likely enhancing weed management tactics effectiveness over time. Future studies should consider tracking the relationship between environmental conditions, phenological stages, and carbohydrate trends.

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Activated Yeast Extract Enhances Growth, Anatomical Structure, and Productivity of Lupinus termis L. Plants under Actual Salinity Conditions

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11010074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 74

Author(s):

Ragab S. Taha ◽

Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽

Bushra Ahmed Alhammad ◽

Jawaher Alkahtani ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Yeast Extract ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Substantial Improvement ◽

Vital Role ◽

Anatomical Structure ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Total Soluble Sugars ◽

Seed Yields

Salinity is one of the most severe environmental stresses that negatively limits anatomical structure, growth and the physiological and productivity traits of field crops. The productivity of lupine plants is severely restricted by abiotic stress, particularly, salinity in arid and semiarid regions. Activated yeast extract (AYE) can perform a vital role in the tolerance of environmental stress, as it contains phytohormones and amino acids. Thus, field experiments were conducted to explore the potential function of active yeast extract (0, 50, 75, and 100 mL AYE L−1) in mitigating the harmful impacts of salinity stress (EC = 7.65 dS m−1) on anatomical structure, growth, and the physiological and productivity traits of two lupine cultivars: Giza 1 and Giza 2. The different AYE treatments resulted in a substantial improvement in studied attributes, for example the growth, anatomical, physiological characteristics, and seed yields of treated lupine cultivars compared with untreated plants. Among the AYE doses, 75 mL L−1 significantly improved plant growth, leaf photosynthetic pigments, total soluble sugars, total protein, and seed yields, and exposed the best anatomical attributes of the two lupine cultivars grown under saline stress. The exogenous application of 75 mL AYE L−1 was the most influential, and it surpassed the control results by 45.9% for 100-seed weight and 26.9% for seed yield per hectare. On the other hand, at a concentration of 75 mL L−1 AYE there was a decrease in the alkaloids and endogenous proline under the studied salinity stress conditions. Promoted salinity stress tolerance through sufficient AYE dose is a hopeful strategy to enhance the tolerance and improve productivity of lupine into salinity stress. Furthermore, the response of lupine to salinity stress appears to rely on AYE dose. The results proved that Giza 2 was more responsive to AYE than Giza 1, showing a better growth and higher yield, and reflecting further salinity tolerance than the Giza 1 cultivar.

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