scholarly journals 464 PB 321 IDENTIFICATION OF RAPD MARKERS ASSOCIATED WITH QTLs CONTROLLING DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN PINTO BEANS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 497f-497
Author(s):  
Kristin Schneider ◽  
James D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Arbitrary Primers ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Pinto Beans

Common beans, considered sensitive to moisture stress, are an important commodity in developing countries such as the Mexican Highlands where intermittent drought conditions are prevalent during the growing season. The selection and development of high performing cultivars under drought stress is confounded by the quantitative nature of drought tolerance. To employ indirect selection in earlier generations, RAPD markers were identified that associated with QTLs controlling performance under drought stress. RAPD markers are preferred for use in Phaseolus vulgaris, over RFLPs, because they generate polymorphisms between genetically related germplasm. 48% of 620 arbitrary primers screened against three parents of two F6 derived recombinant inbred pinto populations were polymorphic for one or more bands. These polymorphisms were screened against RILs in each population and associations were determined using one-way ANOVAs and Mapmaker. Yield data used for determination of associations was collected over five years in MI and Mexico where both stress and non stress treatments were applied.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Agronomic Traits as Potential Indicators of Drought Tolerance in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Langat ◽  
Omwoyo Ombori ◽  
Philip Leley ◽  
David Karanja ◽  
Richard Cheruiyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Correlation Study ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
High Performing

Sixteen progeny lines of common beans obtained from single crosses made between two parents, GLP2 and KAT B1, were grown in randomized complete block design in a rainout shelter at the Agricultural and Mechanization Research Institute, Machakos, Kenya. The experiment was conducted to study inheritance of traits associated with drought stress adaptation and to establish if significant variation for those traits was existing in order to carry out selection for drought tolerance. The calculated mean values were used to estimate heritability, genetic advance, and correlation study for each trait. Water stress had a significant (p≤0.01) effect on the number of pods per plant, grains per plant, 100-seed weight, and yield per plant. The highest values for genotypic coefficient of variation (36.11%) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (36.70%) were recorded for pods plant-1 under stress condition. Highest broad-sense heritability estimates (96.54%, 94.97%, and 93.16%) coupled with high genetic advance as percent of the mean (22.32%, 34.97%, and 26.32%) were obtained for the number of pods plant−1, days to maturity, and yield plant−1, respectively, showing that selection of these traits together could lead to yield improvement under stressed conditions. Harvest index showed a significant and positive relationship with biomass aboveground (r=0.86) and the number of pods plant−1 (r=0.86) indicating the possibility of identifying high performing lines of common beans for drought stress environment for further studies on these traits.

Evaluation of green gram genotypes for drought tolerance by PEG (polyethylene glycol) induced drought stress at seedling stage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jincya ◽  
V. Babu Rajendra Prasad ◽  
P. Jeyakumara ◽  
A. Senthila ◽  
N. Manivannan
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Selection Of

Drought stress is one of the major constraints for pulse production which negatively affecting its growth and production. Screening and selection of desirable genotypes for drought tolerance is the first and foremost important step in pulse breeding program. In green gram standardization for moisture stress was done under laboratory conditions using various concentration of PEG 6000 and 50% seedling mortality was observed at 0.5 MPa of moisture stress. Using this level of moisture stress 108 green gram genotypes were screened for their drought tolerance at seedling level and the following parameters viz., germination percentage, promptness index, radicle length, root length stress index, germination stress index and seed vigour were recorded. Observations revealed that the following green gram genotypes COGG 1332, VGG 16069, VGG 17003, VGG 17004, VGG 17009, VGG 17019 and VGG 17045 were found highly tolerant to moisture stress at seedling stage.

Evaluation of diverse cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm accessions for drought tolerance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Nkoana ◽  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
E.T. Gwata
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Germplasm Accessions

The genetic potential for drought tolerance in cowpea within the small holder sector has not been fully exploited in South Africa. Thus, a drought evaluation experiment was conducted at the ARC-VOP to evaluate 28 cowpea germplasm accessions including two controls viz. IT96D-602 (drought tolerant) and TVU7778 (susceptible to drought) in the drought screening house using plastic box evaluation method in January, 2017. Genotypes raised for three weeks were subjected to 5 weeks of water stress treatment to determine their physiological response through leaf wilting index, relative water content and proline content followed by re-watering to determine genotype (s) with ability to recover from drought stress. Analyses of variance showed highly significant differences in response to moisture stress among the cowpea accessions for the selected physiological traits except for leaf wilting index at week two of drought stress. Stem greenness and recovery appeared to be a reliable indicator of drought tolerant genotypes which was readily observed in Acc1257, Acc1168, Acc2355, IT96D-602 and Acc5352 which also correlated significantly and positively with relative water content and proline content. The genotypes responded differently to drought stress indicating that there is sufficient genetic variability that can be utilized further in breeding for drought stress within the cowpea species.

Assessment of Drought Tolerance Indices in Bread Wheat Genotypes Under Different Sowing Dates

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadi ◽  
M. Janmohammadi ◽  
A. Javanmard ◽  
N. Sabaghnia ◽  
M. Rezaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract The capability of a genotype to achieve acceptable yield over a broad range of sub-optimum and suitable conditions is extremely imperative. Late planting and end-season drought stress are two main factors limiting wheat yield in northwest of Iran. In a 2-year field experiment at Miandoab, Iran, the ability of several selection indices to identify drought resistant genotypes under different sowing dates and moisture conditions were evaluated. Six genotypes of differing response to water scarcity were planted at 20-d intervals on three dates from 11 October to 20 November. Drought resistance indices were utilized on the basis of grain yield under end-season drought (Ys) and normal (YN) conditions. Evaluation of MP, HARM, GM, STI, TOL, SSI, RDI, YSI and Yr indicated that late sowing (20 Nov) significantly decreased drought tolerance in all investigated genotypes. However, yield comparisons under normal and terminal drought stress conditions revealed that promising lines (C-81-4, C-81- 10, C-81-14 and C-82-12) had better performance than local checks (Zarrin and Alvand). Furthermore under both moisture conditions C-81-10 genotype had the greatest grain yield. Based on drought indices like as MP, GMP, STI and HARM C-81-10 genotype introduced as the most tolerant genotype to end-season drought stress. Grain yield showed a positive and significant correlation with HARM, GMP, MP, STI and YI indices were more efficient for recognizing high performance genotypes under different sowing dates and diverse moisture stress.

scholarly journals Genotype by environment analysis of rice (Oryza sativa L.) populations under drought stressed and well-watered environments

2020 ◽  
pp. 259-262
Author(s):  
Lourine Chebet Bii ◽  
Kahiu Ngugi ◽  
John M. Kimani ◽  
George N. Chemining’ wa
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Gge Biplots

In Kenya, the key abiotic stress affecting rice production is drought stress which is experienced mainly during reproductive phase of the crop. This study evaluated the performance of Kenyan rice populations including 19 generation of crosses, 6 parental and 5 checks under well-watered and drought stressed environment with the aim of identifying the phenotypic traits that confer drought tolerance in rice. The 19 generation of crosses were in F3 when they were evaluated in the short rains season and later advanced to F4 in the long rains season. Nineteen generation of crosses rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines, six parental and five check lines were evaluated for response to drought under drought stressed and well-watered environment. The study was conducted over two seasons in the year 2016/2017 at Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) -Mwea Centre. The experiment was set up in an alpha lattice design with three replications. Drought stress was imposed at panicle initiation by withholding irrigation till physiological maturity meanwhile the well-watered environment continued to enjoy the recommended irrigation regime from planting to physiological maturity. Yield data were scored for drought tolerance. AMMI analysis of variance for grain yield showed that genotypes from crosses of crosses of SARO5XNERICA11, NERICA2XSARO5 and NERICA15XSARO5 expressed high grain yield. AMMI stability Variance (ASV) showed genotypes NERICA15, Duorado Precoce and progenies from crosses of NERICA11XNERICA2, SARO5XKomboka and NERICA2XNERICA11 expressed high stability in both well-watered and drought-stressed environment. GGE analysis showed that Principal Components (PC1) and PC2 accounted for 96.46% and 3.54%, respectively. GGE biplots showed that genotypes from crosses SARO5XNERICA11 and NERICA15XSARO5 were the most stable and high yielding. GGE biplots ranked the rice lines as follows: those above average in performance, the stable ones, unstable and those below average in performance. SARO5XNERICA11 is worth of selection due to its high mean yield value and is stable across the mega-environments.

Revealing the Effects of Potassium on Rice Roots under Moisture Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Kirti Bardhan ◽  
Dipika Patel ◽  
Dhiraji Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Plant Root System

The role of K in providing drought tolerance in the aerial parts of plants at the cellular, molecular, tissue, and organ level is well established compared to the plant root system. However, it is known that plants acquire soil water from deeper layers by modifying root architecture. The current study investigated the role of K in changing root architecture to facilitate more water acquisition as a mechanism to mitigate drought stress.

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

The Impact of Drought Stress on some Morpho-Physiological Traits and RAPD Markers in Wheat Genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayoumi Y. ◽  
Amal Abd EL-Mageed ◽  
Enas Ibrahim ◽  
Soad Mahmoud ◽  
I. El-Demardash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhu Li ◽  
Ruonan Fan ◽  
Guiling Sun ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yanting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background and aims As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance. Methods Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress. Results Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants. Conclusion Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.

scholarly journals Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Csaba Mátyás ◽  
František Beran ◽  
Jaroslav Dostál ◽  
Jiří Čáp ◽  
Martin Fulín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Species Differentiation ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Moisture Deficit ◽  
Climatic Scenarios ◽  
Unique Potential

Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results revealed the high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios are insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Besides silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100 mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual inventory assessments, considering also the resilience of populations. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.

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