Root Cell Volume in the Planter Flat Affects Watermelon Seedling Development and Fruit Yield

The growth of `Mirage' and `StarBrite' watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] transplants were evaluated in TODD 125, 100A, 150, 175, and 200 flats with root cell volumes of 18, 26, 36, 46, and 80 cm3, respectively. The effects of rooting volume restriction (RVR) on the number of leaves developed, leaf expansion, and shoot and root dry weight gain increased with time measured at 5, 10, 15, or 20 days after seedling emergence (DAE) for `Mirage' or 4, 8, 12, or 16 DAE for `StarBrite'. Generally, the greatest effect of RVR occurred between 10 and 15 DAE for `Mirage' and 8 and 12 DAE for `StarBrite' for most measurements. Root: shoot dry weight ratios generally were similar among the cell volumes. In a 1993 field test with `StarBrite' grown in the previously described flats, transplants from the TODD 125s produced the least growth and the poorest yield in terms of fruit per plant, total number of marketable fruit, and total yield. Transplants from TODD 200s produced a higher total yield than plants from other cell volumes.

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Influence of Seed Vigor, Herbicide Rates, and Incorporation Depths on Emergence and Seedling Development of Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00036290 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 801-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunil Ratnayake ◽

David R. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

High Rate ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Reduced Height

Imazaquin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha-1did not negatively affect seedling emergence from high vigor (98% germination) soybean seed but, coupled with a 5.0-cm herbicide incorporation depth, reduced seedling emergence from low vigor (67% germination) seed at all rates. Imazaquin at 420 g ha-1incorporated 5.0 cm deep reduced low and high vigor seedling height 36 and 28%, respectively. Imazaquin at all rates reduced root length from high vigor seed, whereas only the high rate reduced root length of seedlings from low vigor seed. Although 420 g ha-1metribuzin did not affect seedling emergence or root length, emerged seedlings were severely damaged when herbicide was incorporated to 5.0 cm. Trifluralin at 840 and 1680 g ai ha-1reduced emergence of low vigor seed when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 840 g ha-1did not affect seedling height or root length, but 1680 g ha-1reduced height of seedling from low and high vigor seed by 86 and 66% when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 1680 g ha-1reduced shoot dry weight of both types of seedlings only at the 5.0-cm incorporation depth.

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MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽

Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽

Fabrina Bolzan Martins

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

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Exogenous Antioxidants Enhance Seedling Growth and Yield of Artificially Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7090274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (9) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Ademola Adetunji ◽

Sershen ◽

Boby Varghese ◽

Norman Pammenter

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Seedling Growth ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Seed Vigour ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Antioxidant Defence System ◽

Aged Seeds

Aged seeds exhibit compromised vigour in terms of germination, seedling emergence and growth, but this can to some extent be alleviated by invigoration treatments before sowing. This study aimed to investigate ageing rates and patterns in cabbage (Brassica oleraceae) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seeds and whether the beneficial effects of invigorating aged seeds with exogenous antioxidants translate to enhanced seedling performance. Seeds were artificially aged to 25% viability before soaking in 0.4 mM glycerol, 0.6 mM GSH and 0.2 mM trolox for cabbage, and 0.6 mM glycerol, GSH and trolox for lettuce; deionised water served as a control. After 14 days of sowing, seedling emergence percentage, mean emergence time, mean daily emergence, and time taken to 25% emergence were computed. Seedling vigour index, root and shoot dry weight, root:shoot ratio, leaf area, leaf area ratio, and leaf chlorophyll content were assessed 6 weeks after sowing. Furthermore, the photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured 6 weeks after sowing. Notably, ageing resulted in the loss of seed vigour and viability at higher rates in lettuce than cabbage. Seed pretreatment with glycerol promoted seedling growth in both species and shoot dry weight in lettuce, while glycerol and GSH enhanced Pn, Gs and E in lettuce. Trolox also enhanced Pn and E in lettuce. The beneficial effects of the antioxidant treatments are thought to be associated with the protection of photosystems from oxidative stress and/or stimulation of enzymes involved in photosynthesis, possibly through an enhanced antioxidant defence system during the early development stages when seedlings are particularly vulnerable to stress.

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Seedling Developmental Stage at Transplanting Affects Growth and Flowering of Medallion Flower and Globe Amaranth

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-33.2.53 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 53-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.J. Keever ◽

J.R. Kessler ◽

G.B. Fain ◽

D.C. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Development Stage ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Bedding Plants ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Flower Growth ◽

Root Restriction ◽

Experimental Runs

A study was conducted to determine how seedling development stage at transplanting from plug flats into small pots affected growth and flowering of two commonly grown bedding plants. Seeds of Showstar® medallion flower and ‘Las Vegas Pink’ globe amaranth were sown in 392-cell flats on five dates for each of two experimental runs before transplanting into 8.9 cm (3.5 in) cubic pots. At transplanting of both species, plant height, node count and shoot dry weight increased as days from sowing to transplanting increased and there was no visible cessation in shoot growth due to root restriction. Time to first flower from transplanting decreased linearly with both species in both runs, except with medallion flower in the second run, as time from sowing to transplanting increased. In contrast, time to flower of both species from sowing increased linearly as time from sowing to transplanting increased. However, the magnitude of the increase or decrease in time to flower differed between the two runs indicating that other factors, most likely light intensity and duration, besides node counts were affecting time to flower. Globe amaranth height and growth index and medallion flower growth index at first flower decreased as time from sowing to transplanting increased, whereas medallion flower height was not affected by time from sowing to transplanting.

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Effect of plastic mulch and row covers on photosynthesis and yield of watermelon

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04140 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Ibarra-Jiménez ◽

J. Munguía-López ◽

A. J. Lozano-del Río ◽

A. Zermeño-González

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Plastic Mulch ◽

Row Covers ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Clear Plastic ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Growing Conditions

The effect of row covers on watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) grown on plastic mulch is well documented. However, row covers have not been adequately evaluated under Mexican growing conditions. Watermelon plants were grown on plastic mulch alone or with row covers to study their effect on photosynthesis, and early and total yields. Treatments were clear plastic mulch (C); black plastic mulch (B); B plus a Vispore cover of polypropylene (BV); B plus a white cover of perforated polyethylene (BW); B plus a clear cover of perforated polyethylene (BC); B plus an Agribon cover of polypropylene (BA); and bare soil as the control. For plants grown in treatment C, B or B combined with row covers, plant dry weight and number of leaves 40 days after seeding (DAS) were higher than the control (P<0.05), except BC which was comparable to the control. Total yields of treatments C, B, BV, BW and BA differed (P<0.05) from BC and the control. Total yields increased by 46.1, 43.2, 35.7, 41.6, 13.3, 15.4 and 35.8 t/ha for the C, B, BV, BW, BC and BA treatments, respectively, over the control, which yielded 27.1 t/ha. Total yield was highest for the C and the B treatment suggesting that there was no need for additional covers. The number of leaves per plant or dry weight per plant better explains the changes in yield than net photosynthesis rate. Stomatal conductance was explained in part by changes in photosynthesis.

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Effects of Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) on Growth, Yield, and Nutrient Status of Transplanted Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500075810 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 775-778 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽

Krishna N. Reddy

Keyword(s):

Unit Area ◽

Tomato Fruit ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Marketable Fruit

Field studies were conducted to determine the effects of various barnyardgrass populations on growth, yield, and nutrient concentration of transplanted “Jetstar’ tomato. Barnyardgrass densities at 16, 32, and 64 plants/m tomato row were tested in 1982 and 1983. Barnyardgrass shoot fresh weights/unit area increased as density increased. Fresh weight of barnyardgrass shoots ranged from 17 100 kg/ha at 16 plants/m of row to 35 500 kg/ha at 64 plants/m of row. At the vegetative stage, tomato shoot dry weight was unaffected by barnyardgrass. As crop growth progressed, tomato shoot dry weight decreased at all barnyardgrass densities. Season-long interference of barnyardgrass reduced marketable tomato fruit number and fruit weight at all densities compared to weed-free plots. Reductions in marketable fruit weight ranged from 26% to 16 plants/m row to 84% at 64 plants/m row. In 1982, concentrations of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in tomato shoots were unaffected by season-long interference of barnyardgrass at all densities. However, in 1983, concentrations of N and K decreased and concentration of P increased in tomato leaves as the density of barnyardgrass increased. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in tomato leaves were unaltered by barnyardgrass density.

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Effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of Soybean (Glycine max l.)

International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive ◽

10.53771/ijbpsa.2021.2.1.0058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 084-095

Author(s):

Ogbuehi HC ◽

Ibe PK

Keyword(s):

Glycine Max ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Effect Of Water ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Number Of Leaves

A pot experiment was conducted under rainfed condition to study the effect of water hyacinth compost on the morpho-physiological parameters of soybean (Glycine max L.) at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Imo State University, Owerri. The treatments were control (T1) 100g (T2), 150g (T3) and 200g (T4) of water hyacinth compost and replicated four times. The treatments were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves, leaf area (cm2), leaf area index, relative growth rate (RGR), Net assimilation rate (NAR), shoot dry weight(g), yield and yield components (Number of pods, pods weight, 100 seed weight). The results obtained indicated that T3 significantly produced highest plant height (57.6cm) compare to control. While it was observed that T4 (200g) significantly produced the highest number of leaves (233.25), leaf area (631.80cm2), shoot dry weight (15.445g), number of pods (129.75), pod weights (25.38g) seed weight (7.23g) and yield (0.72kg/ha) relative to control and other treatment levels. Root parameters were also significantly improved by the rates of water hyacinth application compared to control. It will be worthy to note that there was no nodulation perhaps that was why the yield was poor. The results showed that soybean growth can effectively be improved with incorporation of water hyacinth into soil.

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Wildflower Establishment in Seedbeds Created from an Industrial Co-product and Co-composted Municipal Waste

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-12.4.193 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 193-197

Author(s):

Wallace G. Pill ◽

W. Gary. Smith ◽

John J. Frett ◽

David Devenney

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Rich Material

Abstract Ten cm (4 in) deep synthetic seedbeds created from co-composted municipal waste (CCMW), an industrial co-product (Iron-Rich material, IRM), CCMW:IRM (1:1, by vol), and surface tilled (2.5 cm; 1 in) soil were compared for establishment and growth of seven wildflower species. The IRM seedbed resulted in increased seedling emergence compared to other seedbeds. Percentage and rate of seedling emergence were similar in soil and CCMW:IRM seedbeds, but seedling shoot dry weight was greater in CCMW:IRM. By 400 days after planting, both IRM and CCMW:IRM seedbeds supported similar wildflower populations (200% and 490% greater than soil and CCMW seedbeds, respectively), but the population density of the wildflower species was more uniform in CCMW:IRM. Shoot dry weights per meter2 (10.8 ft2) at 400 days after planting were similar in all seedbeds.

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437 PB 212 EFFECT OF SOIL FUMIGATION WITH METHYL BROMIDE ON MINERAL NUTRITION OF STRAWBERRY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.5.493g ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 493g-493

Author(s):

M.E. Ragab ◽

Kh. A. Okasha

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Fumigation ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Zn And Cu In ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Strawberry Cultivar ◽

Successive Season ◽

Macro Nutrients ◽

Plot Design

This study was earned out on strawberry (Fragana × ananassa, Duch.) during the tow successive season of 1988/1989 and 1989/1990, at the strawberry Improvement Center Experimental Farm at Omm saber, south Tahreer, El Behira Governorate. The objective of this work was to study the effect of strawberry cultivar Douglas A split-plot design with four replicates was adopted. The results indicated a substantial increase in the content of the available macro and micro nutrients in the fumigated soils compared to the non fumigated ones. A significant increase in the number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weight, early and total yield per plant was recorded. Fumigation accompanied by fertilization increased the available content (N,P and K and (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) in the soil in the both growing seasons compared to fumigated only or the control. Plants grown in the fumigated fertilized plots contained the highest amount of macro and macro nutrients in both the growing seasons. Fumigated non fertilized plots had the highest amount of available P and K than all other treatment The maximum early and total yield per plant was obtained from the fumigated non fertilized plots.

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GIBBERELLIC ACID DURING PRIMING OF PURPLE CONEFLOWER [ECHINACEA PURPUREA (L) MOENCH.] SEEDS IMPROVES GERMINATION AND SEEDLING EMERGENCE

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.2.186c ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 186c-186

Author(s):

Janine O. Haynes ◽

Wallace G. Pill

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Purple Coneflower ◽

Percentage Points

Purple coneflower seeds following priming (-0.04 MPa, 10 days, 15C, darkness) osmotically in polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) or matrically in expanded no. 5 vermiculite had greater germination rate and synchrony at continuous 20C or 30C than untreated seeds, but germination percentage was unaffected. Inclusion of 5.5 × 10-2 M gibberellic acid (GA3 as ProGibb Plus 2X, Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, Ill.) further improved germination rate and synchrony at 20C, but not at 30C. In a greenhouse study (30C day/27C night, July-August natural light), seeds primed in PEG or vermiculite containing G A3 compared to untreated seeds had 6 percentage points higher maximum emergence (ME), 3.3 fewer days to 50% ME, 1.9 fewer days between 10% and 90% ME, 116% greater shoot dry weight, and 125% longer leaves at 16 days after planting in peat-lite. Inclusion of ethephon (0.01 m, as Florel) either alone or with GA3 during priming provided no benefit to seed germination or seedling emergence. Moistened vermiculite substituted for PEG solution as a priming medium for purple coneflower seeds, the priming benefit on seedling emergence and growth being enhanced by 5.5 × 10-2m G A3 inclusion in the priming media.

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