scholarly journals Garden Herbs as Hosts for Southern Root-knot Nematode [Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood, race 3]

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry T. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Nepeta Cataria ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Herb Species

Twenty herb species were exposed to root-knot nematode under greenhouse conditions. The root systems were examined for root gall development and nematode reproduction as an indication of host suitability. The herbs evaluated were balm (Melissa officinalis L.), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), catnip (Nepeta cataria L.), chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativium L.), dill (Anethum graveolens L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.), lavender (Lavandula augustifolia Mill.), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), peppermint (Mentha ×piperita L.), rocket-salad (Erurca vesicaria L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), rue (Ruta graveolens L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L.), savory (Satureja hortensis L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.). Peppermint, oregano, and marjoram consistently were free of root galls after exposure to initial nematode populations of two or 15 eggs/cm3 of soil medium and were considered resistant. All other herb species developed root galls with accompanying egg masses, classifying them as susceptible or hypersusceptible to root-knot nematode. The highest initial nematode egg density (15 eggs/cm3) significantly decreased dry weights of 14 species. The dry weights of other species were unaffected at these infestation densities after 32- to 42-day exposure.

scholarly journals Ocena zanieczyszczenia grzybami pleśniowymi suszonych ziół i przypraw dostępnych w sklepach ekologicznych i hipermarketach

2017 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Magdalena Gajewska ◽  
Anna Głowacka
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Origanum Majorana

Celem pracy było określenie poziomu zanieczyszczenia grzybami strzępkowymi suszonych ziół oraz przypraw dostępnych w sprzedaży detalicznej w sklepach ekologicznych i hipermarketach województwa łódzkiego. Badaniami objęto 13 rodzajów produktów: czosnek (Allium sativum), koper (Anethum graveolens), natkę pietruszki (Petroselinum crispum), bazylię (Ocimum basilicum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), estragon (Artemisia dracunculus), tymianek (Thymus vulgaris), majeranek (Origanum majorana), gałkę muszkatołową (Myristica fragans), curry (Helichrysum angustifolia), kurkumę (Curcuma longa), pieprz czarny (Piper nigrum), paprykę słodką (Capsicum annuum). Analiza mikrobiologiczna obejmowała oznaczenie liczby grzybów pleśniowych i ich skład jakościowy. Zanieczyszczenie badanych ziół oraz przypraw przez grzyby strzępkowe było zróżnicowane i nie przekraczało poziomu 104 jtk∙g-1.W czterech produktach: bazylii, curry, kurkumie i papryce słodkiej próbki zakupione w hipermarkecie charakteryzowały się istotnie większym zanieczyszczeniem przez pleśnie w porównaniu z próbkami pochodzącymi ze sklepu ekologicznego. Wykazano brak zróżnicowania poziomu zanieczyszczenia grzybami strzępkowymi badanych produktów w zależności od miejsca zakupu. Średnia liczba pleśni w ziołach i przyprawach zakupionych w sklepach ekologicznych oraz w produktach pochodzących z hipermarketu kształtowała się na podobnym poziomie. Stwierdzono natomiast zróżnicowanie poziomu zanieczyszczenia pleśniami w zależności od rodzaju przyprawy. Wyizolowane z suszonych ziół oraz przypraw grzyby strzępkowe należały łącznie do 5 rodzajów. Zidentyfikowano pleśnie z rodzaju Aspergillus (A. niger, A. flavus), Penicillium, Mucor, Alternaria i Cladosporium.

scholarly journals INVERTEBRATES INHABITING CULINARY HERBS GROWN UNDER COVER

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Lubiarz ◽  
Wojciech Goszczyński ◽  
Elżbieta Cichocka
Keyword(s):  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
The Times ◽  
Origanum Majorana

Abstract The study contains the list of invertebrates collected from culinary herbs (Allium schoenoprasum, Anethum graveolens, Anthriscus sp., Petroselinum crispum, Coriandrum sativum, Artemisia dracunculus, Eruca sativa, Melissa officinalis, Mentha arvensis, Mentha xpiperita, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Thymus vulgaris, Rosmarinus sp.) in greenhouses, under plastic-film covers, and at mother farms. The study provides information about the times of the year when these invertebrates settle on the herbs, and about the specific character of cultivating such plants. Even a few individual arthropods on culinary herbs cannot be tolerated and eliminating arthropods by using chemicals is unacceptable. For these reasons, those plants on which the arthropods have settled must be removed from greenhouses and destroyed. Biological pest control is also recommended. Some species of the observed invertebrates are encountered in a greenhouse year-round (Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Ovatus mentharius, Aulacorthum solani, Eupteryx sp., Trialeurodes vaporariorun, larvae of Thysanoptera) while others appear only during the periods of spring migrations (Cavariella aegopodi) or autumn migrations (Aphis fabae, Dysaphis crataegii, butterflies from the subfamily Hadeninae). Peppermint had already been inhabited by O. mentharius on mother farms, and O. mentharius probably hibernated on farms as well. Potted peppermint seedlings brought from mother farms to greenhouses had already been inhabited by that aphid species. Some invertebrates were associated with a substrate (Sciaridae) while the appearance of others coincided with the development of algae (Ephydridae: Scatella sp.).

Evaluation of antimicrobial potential of some spices from apiaceae sold in herbal shops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alev ONDER ◽  
Suna Sibel GURPINAR, Mujde ERYILMAZ ◽  
Bayram Kagan AKAY, Ahsen Sevde CINAR
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Hexane Extracts

Spices are a part of the plants used for many purposes as preservatives and as colorants in foods or as medicinal intention. Main aim of the present research was to estimate the potential antimicrobial activity of some spices from Apiaceae family such as Amni visnaga (Diş otu, Hıltan), Anethum graveolens (Dereotu), Apium graveolens (Kereviz), Coriandrum sativum (Kişniş), Cuminum cyminum (Kimyon), Daucus carota (Havuç), Foeniculum vulgare (Rezene), Petroselinum sativum (Maydanoz), Pimpinella anisum (Anason). Thus, the fruits of the plants are used in the experiments. The fruits have been extracted by n-hexane, and all extracts have been subjected to TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography). The n-hexane extracts were screened for their potential in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by microbroth dilution method. The hexane extracts of the fruits of Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Daucus carota, and Pimpinella anisum did not show antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. Except these, the other extracts having MIC values of 2.5-5-10 mg/mL exhibited antimicrobial effect against some tested microorganisms. These results demonstrate that the extracts which have an antimicrobial effect can probably play a role as an antimicrobial agent owing to their nonpolar components which are accumulated to the n-hexane extracts.

Genetic diversity of Meloidogyne spp. parasitising potato in Brazil and aggressiveness of M. javanica populations on susceptible cultivars

Nematology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel L. Medina ◽  
Cesar B. Gomes ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
Vanessa S. Mattos ◽  
Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Reproduction Factor

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) significantly impact potato production worldwide and in Brazil they are considered one of the most important group of nematodes affecting potatoes. The objectives of this study were to survey Meloidogyne spp. associated with potatoes in Brazil, determine their genetic diversity and assess the aggressiveness of M. javanica on two susceptible potato cultivars. Fifty-seven root-knot nematode populations were identified using esterase phenotyping, including Meloidogyne javanica, M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica. Overall, root-knot nematodes were present in ca 43% of sampled sites, in which M. javanica was the most prevalent species, and the phenotypes Est J3, J2a and J2 occurred in 91.2, 6.7 and 2.1% of the positive samples, respectively. Other species, such as M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica, were found less frequently and occurred at rates of 6.4, 4.3 and 2.1% of the samples, respectively. Sometimes, M. javanica was found in mixtures with other root-knot nematodes in ca 10.6% of sites containing Meloidogyne. After confirming the identification of 17 isolates of M. javanica and one isolate each of M. incognita, M. arenaria and M. ethiopica by SCAR markers, the populations were used to infer their genetic diversity using RAPD markers. Results revealed low intraspecifc genetic diversity among isolates (13.9%) for M. javanica. Similarly, M. javanica sub-populations (J2a) clustered together (81% of bootstrap), indicating subtle variation from typical J3 populations. The aggressiveness of four populations of M. javanica from different Brazilian states on two susceptible potato cultivars was tested under glasshouse conditions. Results indicated differences in aggressiveness among these populations and showed that potato disease was proportional to nematode reproduction factor.

scholarly journals Diferentes condimentos vegetais: avaliação sensorial e de atividade antibacteriana em preparação alimentar com frango cozido

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
F. Rodrigues ◽  
H.H.C. Carvalho ◽  
J.M. Wiest
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Allium Tuberosum ◽  
Capsicum Baccatum ◽  
Origanum Majorana

A partir da atividade antibacteriana in vitro, predeterminada em doze plantas com indicativo etnográfico condimentar, testou-se este atributo in loco no modelo caldo com frango cozido. Primeiramente, procedeu-se ao treinamento de 10 avaliadores, segundo a legislação vigente quanto ao Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, oportunizando conhecimentos prévios sobre as plantas salsa (Petroselinum sativum), manjerona branca (Origanum X aplii), manjerona preta (Origanum majorana), manjericão (Ocimum basilicum), sálvia (Salvia officinalis), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris), anis verde (Ocimum selloi), alfavaca (Ocimum gratissimum), alho nirá (Allium tuberosum), alho poró (Allium porrum), cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) e pimenta dedo-de-moça (Capsicum baccatum). Realizou-se, através da adição individualizada desses condimentos ao caldo com frango cozido, um Teste de Aceitação tipo escala hedônica, selecionando, dentre os doze condimentos, quatro deles que se destacaram sensorialmente, a pimenta dedo-de-moça, o alho nirá, o alho poró e o tomilho. Foi feito, então, um Teste de Aceitação de concentrações denominadas pequena, média e grande destes quatro condimentos, para determinação da intensidade sensorialmente melhor aceita. As quantidades eleitas (0,5 g de pimenta dedo-de-moça, 15 g de alho nirá, 15 g de alho poró e 5 g de tomilho) foram acrescidas ao caldo com frango cozido, sendo estes desafiados frente a Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) em concentração final de 10 UFC mL-1, limite tolerado pela legislação, tendo como grupo-controle o caldo com frango cozido sem condimentos. O crescimento bacteriano foi aferido a cada duas horas após a inoculação, até completar 24 horas de confronto, utilizando-se meio seletivo para coliformes termo-resistentes e incubação constante a 25ºC em DBO, sendo atribuídos valores arbitrários às variações logarítmicas de crescimento. Comparados ao controle, todos os tratamentos condimentados apresentaram, individualmente, atividade antibacteriana significativa, mesmo que sem significância quando comparados entre si. Contudo, em relação ao tempo de início da atividade antibacteriana, destacou-se a pimenta dedo-de-moça, enquanto que, em relação ao prolongamento dessa ação no tempo, destacou-se o alho nirá. As 12 plantas condimentares em estudo tiveram atestada a sensorialidade, sendo que as quatro plantas com destaque tiveram a atividade anti-coliforme termo-resistente comprovada in loco. Diferentes condimentos vegetais foram capazes de fornecer qualificação sensorial e sanitária em caldo com frango cozido, em condições domésticas de manuseio.

scholarly journals Plants in alcoholic beverages on the Croatian islands, with special reference to rakija travarica

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Łuczaj ◽  
Marija Jug-Dujaković ◽  
Katija Dolina ◽  
Ivana Vitasović-Kosić
Keyword(s):  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon

Abstract Background This paper aims to record the species used for flavouring and making alcoholic drinks, mainly rakija, on the islands of the Adriatic (Croatia). Methods Our data comes from 295 interviews performed on 36 islands, in both the Dalmatian and Kvarner areas of the Adriatic. Results Altogether, 114 species are used—46% from wild locations only, 15% both wild and cultivated, 38% only cultivated and two species are imported. The most common local alcohol is wine, made without spices, but grape pomace distillate is often flavoured with single or mixed species. The mix is called travarica. The most commonly used species are Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Myrtus communis L., Salvia officinalis L., Ruta graveolens L., Juniperus oxycedrus L., Ceratonia siliqua L., Juglans regia L., Citrus spp., Ficus carica L., Laurus nobilis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Artemisia absinthium L., Rosa centifolia L., Mentha × piperita L. and M. spicata L. Unfortunately, the widespread phenomenon of distilling Arbutus unedo L. fruits and fermenting Juniperus ‘wine’ is now extinct. Apart from grapes, the only commonly distilled fruit now is Ficus carica. Conclusions It is striking that nearly all the plants are either wild or cultivated locally, which, in addition to the fact that the alcohol is made locally, shows the incredible local culinary self-sufficiency of the area. The number of species used is also very impressive.

Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Starr ◽  
C. E. Simpson ◽  
T. A. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Nematode Population Density ◽  
Arachis Batizocoi ◽  
Moderate Resistance ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Abstract Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.

Assessment of the most suitable nematode inoculum density and plant growth period to screen coffee genotypes for their reaction to Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-380
Author(s):  
Santino A. Silva ◽  
Anderson C.G. Bicalho ◽  
Débora C. Santiago ◽  
Lucas S. Cunha ◽  
Andressa C.Z. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Rf Values ◽  
Reproduction Factor ◽  
The Ideal

Summary One of the concerns for nematological research is the absence of information on standard nematode population densities to be used when screening to assess resistance/susceptibility levels of a genotype. In addition, the length of the growth period, especially for perennial crops such as coffee, must also be known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal evaluation periods and population densities of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, for phenotyping Coffea arabica genotypes. Seedlings of coffee ‘Mundo Novo’ with five leaf pairs cropped in 700 cm3 plastic pots were inoculated with population densities of 700, 1400, 2800, 5600 and 11 200 eggs of M. incognita per plant and evaluated at 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after inoculation (DAI) to determine the nematode reproduction factor (RF). The use of population densities of M. incognita from 700-2000 nematodes with evaluations between 90 and 180 DAI was the most suitable to obtain higher RF values and allows earlier and more accurate evaluations, which reduces the time for phenotyping in genetic screening programmes.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Inhibitory Activities and Volatile Active Compounds of 53 Spices and Herbs

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Sekine ◽  
Kwame Sarpong Appiah ◽  
Majid Azizi ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
Hypocotyl Growth ◽  
Radicle Growth ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

The inhibitory activities of the leachates and volatiles from 53 plant species (spices and herbs) were evaluated against lettuce (Lactuca sativa “Great Lakes 366”) seedling growth using the sandwich and dish pack methods, respectively. With the sandwich method, parsley (Petroselinum sativum) showed the strongest inhibitory effect on lettuce radicle growth (77%), followed by tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus) (72%). However, caraway (Carum carvi), dill (Anethum graveolens) (seed), laurel (Laurus nobilis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and sage (Salvia officinalis) were the most inhibitory species (100% inhibition of lettuce radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all distance wells) in the dish pack method. Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) also showed strong inhibitory activity (100% for radicle and hypocotyl growth inhibition at all 41 and 58 mm distance wells). The headspace sampling and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified the main inhibitory active compounds as carvone in caraway and dill (seeds), 1,8-cineole in laurel and cardamom, and borneol in thyme. Both camphor and 1,8-cineole were detected in rosemary and sage, and the total activity evaluation showed that camphor was the major inhibitory compound in rosemary, although both compounds played equal roles in sage.

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