scholarly journals juvenile albino, a Virescent Mutant in Watermelon: Inheritance and Expression

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 803E-803
Author(s):  
X. Zhang ◽  
B.B. Rhodes ◽  
W.V. Baird ◽  
H.T. Skorupska ◽  
W.C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Virescent Mutant

juvenile albino (ja) is a spontaneous mutant, first observed in 1992. Hypocotyls, new young leaves, shoot tips, tendrils, and flowers on the main shoot of the ja mutant are all albino during early spring and late fall. The interior of the albino leaves gradually become green, while the margins remain albino. Fruit rind color of the mutant is variegated. Growth of the ja mutant is severely impaired in the early spring and late fall. However, the mutant grows almost normal in the summer, and produces fruits of almost normal size. Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and BC1 populations derived from the ja mutant showed that ja mutant is inherited as a single, recessive, nuclear gene. The segregation ratios in the F2 and BC1 progenies derived from the cross between the previously reported dg virescent mutant and the ja mutant indicated that both are inherited independently. Experiments with temperature (3–5C vs. 20–22C at night), day length (8 vs. 15 h), and red and/or far-red light (15 vs. 0 min) at the end of an 8-h day were performed to investigate the regulation of ja trait expression. Temperature and red/far-red light had no differential effect on mutant and wild-type plants. However, significantly increased fresh weight and chlorophyll content were observed in the ja mutant over the wild-type when grown under long-day conditions. In addition, chlorophyll synthesis or accumulation in the mutant is severely impaired under short-day conditions. To our knowledge, this is the only virescent mutant in Cucurbitaceae whose expression is regulated by day length.

scholarly journals Phenotype, Inheritance, and Regulation of Expression of a New Virescent Mutant in Watermelon: Juvenile Albino

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.P. Zhang ◽  
B.B. Rhodes ◽  
W.V. Baird ◽  
H.T. Skorupska ◽  
W.C. Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Red Light ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Chlorophyll Synthesis ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Gene Segregation ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Virescent Mutant

Juvenile albino, gene symbol ja, is a spontaneous virescent mutant, first observed in `Dixielee' and an F2 population of `G17AB' (msms) × `Dixielee' in 1992. Hypocotyls, new young leaves, shoot tips, tendrils and flowers on the main shoot of the ja mutant are all albino during early spring. The interior portions of albino leaves gradually become green, while the margins remain albino. Fruit rind color of the mutant is variegated. Growth of the ja mutant is severely impaired in the early spring. However, the mutant grows at a rate comparable to wild-type in the summer, and produces fruit of almost normal size. Genetic analysis of F1, F2, and BC1 populations derived from the ja mutant showed that the gene for the ja mutant is inherited as a single, recessive, nuclear gene. Segregation ratios in the F2 and BC1 progenies derived from the cross between the previously reported delayed green virescent mutant and the ja mutant indicate independent inheritance of the genes dg and ja. Temperature and red/far-red light had no differential effect on mutant and the wild-type plants. An increase of daylength from 8 to 15 hours increased fresh weight and chlorophyll content more in the ja mutant than in the wild-type. The mutant had a higher chlorophyll a: b ratio than the wild-type under long days. Chlorophyll synthesis or accumulation in the mutant is severely impaired under short days. This is the only virescent mutant in the family Cucurbitaceae whose expression is regulated by daylength.

scholarly journals EARLY FLOWERING 3 and Photoperiod Sensing in Brachypodium distachyon

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Bouché ◽  
Daniel P. Woods ◽  
Julie Linden ◽  
Weiya Li ◽  
Kevin S. Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clock Genes ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Complex Protein ◽  
Short Days

The proper timing of flowering, which is key to maximize reproductive success and yield, relies in many plant species on the coordination between environmental cues and endogenous developmental programs. The perception of changes in day length is one of the most reliable cues of seasonal change, and this involves the interplay between the sensing of light signals and the circadian clock. Here, we describe a Brachypodium distachyon mutant allele of the evening complex protein EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3). We show that the elf3 mutant flowers more rapidly than wild type plants in short days as well as under longer photoperiods but, in very long (20 h) days, flowering is equally rapid in elf3 and wild type. Furthermore, flowering in the elf3 mutant is still sensitive to vernalization, but not to ambient temperature changes. Molecular analyses revealed that the expression of a short-day marker gene is suppressed in elf3 grown in short days, and the expression patterns of clock genes and flowering time regulators are altered. We also explored the mechanisms of photoperiodic perception in temperate grasses by exposing B. distachyon plants grown under a 12 h photoperiod to a daily night break consisting of a mixture of red and far-red light. We showed that 2 h breaks are sufficient to accelerate flowering in B. distachyon under non-inductive photoperiods and that this acceleration of flowering is mediated by red light. Finally, we discuss advances and perspectives for research on the perception of photoperiod in temperate grasses.

Postnatal growth rate and gonadal development in circadian tau mutant hamsters reared in constant dim red light

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 327-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Lucas ◽  
JA Stirland ◽  
YN Mohammad ◽  
AS Loudon
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Postnatal Growth ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Body Weights

The role of the circadian clock in the reproductive development of Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus was examined in wild type and circadian tau mutant hamsters reared from birth to 26 weeks of age under constant dim red light. Testis diameter and body weights were determined at weekly intervals in male hamsters from 4 weeks of age. In both genotypes, testicular development, subsequent regression and recrudescence exhibited a similar time course. The age at which animals displayed reproductive photosensitivity, as exhibited by testicular regression, was unrelated to circadian genotype (mean +/- SEM: 54 +/- 3 days for wild type and 59 +/- 5 days for tau mutants). In contrast, our studies revealed a significant impact of the mutation on somatic growth, such that tau mutants weighed 18% less than wild types at the end of the experiment. Our study reveals that the juvenile onset of reproductive photoperiodism in Syrian hamsters is not timed by the circadian system.

The phosphoenolpyruvate: sugar phosphotransferase system of Streptococcus salivarius. Identification of a IIIman protein

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vadeboncoeur ◽  
Lucie Gauthier
Keyword(s):  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Spontaneous Mutant ◽  
Streptococcus Salivarius ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Growth Inhibitory

A double-spontaneous mutant resistant to the growth inhibitory effect of α-methylglucoside and 2-deoxyglucose was isolated from Streptococcus salivarius. This mutant strain, called αS3L11, did not grow on mannose and grew poorly on 5 mM fructose and 5 mM glucose. Isolated membranes of strain αS3L11 were unable to catalyse the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of mannose in the presence of purified enzyme I and HPr. Addition of dialysed membrane-free cellular extract of the wild-type strain to the reaction medium restored the activity. The factor that restored the phosphoenolpyruvate–mannose phosphotransferase activity to membranes of strain αS3L11 was called IIIman. This factor was partially purified from the wild-type strain by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, DEAE-TSK chromatography, and molecular seiving on a column of Ultrogel AcA 34. This partially purified preparation also enhanced the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of glucose, fructose, and 2-deoxyglucose in strain αS3L11.

scholarly journals Mutants inSaccharomyces lactiscontrolling both β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activities

1972 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tingle ◽  
H. O. Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Mutant Phenotype ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Type Strains

SUMMARYInSaccharomyces lactis, a class of mutants isolated for low β-glucosidase activity are reduced in activity for β-galactosidase as well. Genetic studies indicate that their properties are the result of a single mutation in a nuclear gene. In diploide containing a wild-type and mutant β-galactosidase allele, the mutant phenotype is partially dominant. The two enzymes can be separated physically and under appropriate conditions are induced independently in wild-type strains.

scholarly journals The Effects of Day Length and Light Intensity on Tile Growth of Barley

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Day Length

The acceleration of flowering in barley due to the inclusion of incandescent illumination in the light source has been shown to be due to the far�red content of the light. A linear relationship between floral development and intensity of far�red light in a 16�hr photoperiod has been established with the cultivar CI5611. Barley appears to be relatively unresponsive to blue light, however.

scholarly journals Role of Sigma Factors in Controlling Global Gene Expression in Light/Dark Transitions in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803

2007 ◽  
Vol 189 (21) ◽  
pp. 7829-7840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina C. Summerfield ◽  
Louis A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Altered Gene ◽  
Pcc 6803

ABSTRACT We report on differential gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 after light-dark transitions in wild-type, ΔsigB, and ΔsigD strains. We also studied the effect of day length in the presence of glucose on a ΔsigB ΔsigE mutant. Our results indicated that the absence of SigB or SigD predominately altered gene expression in the dark or in the light, respectively. In the light, approximately 350 genes displayed transcript levels in the ΔsigD strain that were different from those of the wild type, with over 200 of these up-regulated in the mutant. In the dark, removal of SigB altered more than 150 genes, and the levels of 136 of these were increased in the mutant compared to those in the wild type. The removal of both SigB and SigE had a major impact on gene expression under mixotrophic growth conditions and resulted in the inability of cells to grow in the presence of glucose with 8-h light and 16-h dark cycles. Our results indicated the importance of group II σ factors in the global regulation of transcription in this organism and are best explained by using the σ cycle paradigm with the stochastic release model described previously (R. A. Mooney, S. A. Darst, and R. Landick, Mol. Cell 20:335-345, 2005). We combined our results with the total protein levels of the σ factors in the light and dark as calculated previously (S. Imamura, S. Yoshihara, S. Nakano, N. Shiozaki, A. Yamada, K. Tanaka, H. Takahashi, M. Asayama, and M. Shirai, J. Mol. Biol. 325:857-872, 2003; S. Imamura, M. Asayama, H. Takahashi, K. Tanaka, H. Takahashi, and M. Shirai, FEBS Lett. 554:357-362, 2003). Thus, we concluded that the control of global transcription is based on the amount of the various σ factors present and able to bind RNA polymerase.

Rpm2, the Protein Subunit of Mitochondrial RNase P in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Also Has a Role in the Translation of Mitochondrially Encoded Subunits of Cytochrome c Oxidase

Genetics ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-585
Author(s):  
Vilius Stribinskis ◽  
Guo-Jian Gao ◽  
Steven R Ellis ◽  
Nancy C Martin
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Rnase P ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Translation

Abstract RPM2 is a Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear gene that encodes the protein subunit of mitochondrial RNase P and has an unknown function essential for fermentative growth. Cells lacking mitochondrial RNase P cannot respire and accumulate lesions in their mitochondrial DNA. The effects of a new RPM2 allele, rpm2-100, reveal a novel function of RPM2 in mitochondrial biogenesis. Cells with rpm2-100 as their only source of Rpm2p have correctly processed mitochondrial tRNAs but are still respiratory deficient. Mitochondrial mRNA and rRNA levels are reduced in rpm2-100 cells compared to wild type. The general reduction in mRNA is not reflected in a similar reduction in mitochondrial protein synthesis. Incorporation of labeled precursors into mitochondrially encoded Atp6, Atp8, Atp9, and Cytb protein was enhanced in the mutant relative to wild type, while incorporation into Cox1p, Cox2p, Cox3p, and Var1p was reduced. Pulse-chase analysis of mitochondrial translation revealed decreased rates of translation of COX1, COX2, and COX3 mRNAs. This decrease leads to low steady-state levels of Cox1p, Cox2p, and Cox3p, loss of visible spectra of aa3 cytochromes, and low cytochrome c oxidase activity in mutant mitochondria. Thus, RPM2 has a previously unrecognized role in mitochondrial biogenesis, in addition to its role as a subunit of mitochondrial RNase P. Moreover, there is a synthetic lethal interaction between the disruption of this novel respiratory function and the loss of wild-type mtDNA. This synthetic interaction explains why a complete deletion of RPM2 is lethal.

scholarly journals Nuclear Activation Function 2 Estrogen Receptor α Attenuates Arterial and Renal Alterations Due to Aging and Hypertension in Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Guivarc'h ◽  
Julie Favre ◽  
Anne‐Laure Guihot ◽  
Emilie Vessières ◽  
Linda Grimaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Α ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Female Mice

Background The cardiovascular protective effects of estrogens in premenopausal women depend mainly on estrogen receptor α (ERα). ERα activates nuclear gene transcription regulation and membrane‐initiated signaling. The latter plays a key role in estrogen‐dependent activation of endothelial NO synthase. The goal of the present work was to determine the respective roles of the 2 ERα activities in endothelial function and cardiac and kidney damage in young and old female mice with hypertension, which is a major risk factor in postmenopausal women. Methods and Results Five‐ and 18‐month‐old female mice lacking either ERα (ERα −/− ), the nuclear activating function AF2 of ERα (AF2°), or membrane‐located ERα (C451A) were treated with angiotensin II (0.5 mg/kg per day) for 1 month. Systolic blood pressure, left ventricle weight, vascular reactivity, and kidney function were then assessed. Angiotensin II increased systolic blood pressure, ventricle weight, and vascular contractility in ERα −/− and AF2° mice more than in wild‐type and C451A mice, independent of age. In both the aorta and mesenteric resistance arteries, angiotensin II and aging reduced endothelium‐dependent relaxation in all groups, but this effect was more pronounced in ERα −/− and AF2° than in the wild‐type and C451A mice. Kidney inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as blood urea and creatinine levels, were also more pronounced in old hypertensive ERα −/− and AF2° than in old hypertensive wild‐type and C451A mice. Conclusions The nuclear ERα‐AF2 dependent function attenuates angiotensin II–dependent hypertension and protects target organs in aging mice, whereas membrane ERα signaling does not seem to play a role.

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