scholarly journals Factors Causing Losses of Rooted Cuttings of Olive Propagated under Mist and Ways of Its Prevention

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 566f-567
Author(s):  
A. Talaie ◽  
M. Zarrabi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ventilation Conditions

To study the reasons for the losses of rooted semihardwood cuttings of olive propagated under the mist method, a 2-year experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Dept. of Faculty of Agriculture of the Tehran Univ. In this experiment, semihardwood cuttings of olive (Zard cultivar) in four different media—heavy-(Al), semi-heavy(A2), medium (A3), and light (A4), all disinfected with two different concentrations of Captan—were used. Root growth stages with low, medium, and light densities in spring and fall were evaluated. The results indicate that there are the least losses in semi-heavy (A2) and medium (A3) media. This could be the result of a better ventilation conditions in these media, which activates N and Ca and finally accelerates the better growth conditions in all young rooted cuttings. On the other hand, it was clear that inadequate disinfection will result in losses of rooted cuttings, and using Captan at 2 ppm gives the best result. This research indicate that, with the higher growth rate, the first medium will have the fewer losses. The reason is the higher density and more durability and strength of the root, which control the disease-causing factors; so far that these factors do not influence the young roots. Finally, strong and dense roots show less losses. This experiment was designed in a factorial with randomized complete block and the averages were compared in a Duncan test and the results of abnormally distributed characteristics were shown by using logarithmic and sinus method.

Role of Cl/Si Ratio in the Low-Temperature Chloro-Carbon Epitaxial Growth of SiC

2013 ◽  
Vol 740-742 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Galyna Melnychuk ◽  
Siva Prasad Kotamraju ◽  
Yaroslav Koshka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Other Hand

In order to understand the influence of the Cl/Si ratio on the morphology of the low-temperature chloro-carbon epitaxial growth, HCl was added during the SiCl4/CH3Cl growth at 1300°C. Use of higher Cl/Si ratio allowed only modest improvements of the growth rate without morphology degradation, which did not go far beyond what has been achieved previously by optimizing the value of the input C/Si ratio. On the other hand, when the epitaxial growth process operated at too low or too high values of the input C/Si ratio, i.e., outside of the window of good epilayer morphology, any additional increase of the Cl/Si ratio caused improvement of the epilayer morphology. It was established that this improvement was due to a change of the effective C/Si ratio towards its intermediate values, which corresponded to more favorable growth conditions.

Phytotoxicity, Leachability, and Site of Uptake of 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eshel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Root System ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
The Other ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Different Soils

The toxicity, leachability, and site of uptake of the herbicide 2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide (hereinafter referred to as CP 50144) were studied in different soils. Two inches of water leached most of the compound to a soil depth of 2 to 3 inches, when applied at rates of 1 and 2 kg/ha. The inherent toxicity of CP 50144 to cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL., var. Acala 4-42) was studied in culture solution. The herbicide was most toxic to cotton when the entire root system of the crop was exposed to soil treated with CP 50144; reduction of weight of seedlings was accompanied by severe inhibition of root growth. On the other hand, only a slight reduction in growth rate was noticed when only the shoot zone of cotton was exposed to the herbicide.

scholarly journals The ameliorative effect of selenium on Azolla caroliniana grown under UV-B stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Mostafa ◽  
A.M.A. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Doubling Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Glutathione Redox

Exposure ofAzollaplants to UV-B radiation for 6 h resulted in a decrease in biomass and relative growth rate (RGR), which coincided with an increase in doubling time (DT) as compared with the control. Also, the protein content decreased. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxyde (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants. Conversely, the addition of selenium (Se) at 1 ppm resulted in a significant increase in biomass and protein content of untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants, and a significant reduction in both H2O2and MDA. Moreover, the addition of Se to UV-treated and untreatedAzollaplants resulted in a significant increase in total ascorbate and total glutathione (GSH) contents compared with the control and UV-stressedAzollaplants. Also, glutathione redox potential (GSH/TG) increased significantly in UV-treatedAzollaplants in the presence of Se. There also was a significant increase (38%) in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity in UV-treated plants compared with the control. APX activity in the presence of Se did not change significantly compared with the control. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity increased significantly in UV-treatedAzolla, while glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity did not. On the other hand, both GSH-PX and GR activity in untreated and UV-treatedAzollaplants were significantly enhanced by the application of Se to the nutrient media at a concentration of 1 ppm. Therefore, we can conclude that Se protectsAzollaplants from UV-B stress.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF THE DOE WEIGHT ON HER REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENY

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ebrahim Ahmed ◽  
Hussain Yawr Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gestation Period ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
The Third ◽  
Other Hand

Thirty-six local dose have been used and were divided in to three groups sacording to weight, in each group twelve dose. In the first group the weights of the dose were higher than ( 2.5 kgs) and less than (3 kgs). The second groups was higher than 3 kgs) and less than (3.5 kgs). The third group was higher than (3.5 kgs) and less than (4 kgs). The aim of this study was to obtain the effect of doe weight on her reproductive efficiency (gestation period, litter size, litter weight at birth and weaning, growth rate of offspring preweaning, conception rate and preweaning mortility).  The weight of the doe had no significant effect upon the gestation period and this period was 30.9, 31.2, 31.3 days for the three groups respectively, on the other hand the litter size was affected significantly by doe weight and litter size was at birth and preaweaning (5.1 , 5.8 and 6.2), (4.5, 5.3 and 5.7) for the three groups respectively. The offspring weight at birth and weaning was affected significantly by doe weight and this weight was (40.1 , 48.2 and 53.3 gms), (203.6, 227.5 and 233.8 gms) for the three groups respectively while the conception rate was not affected by doe weight. The mortility percentage in the prewaning period was not significantly by doe weight

Adptatives Responses of the Species Ethmalosa fimbriata in Biétri Bay, a Highly Disturbed Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Moussa Side ◽  
Eby Yoboué Gnamma Honorine Alla ◽  
Behiri Innocent Kakou ◽  
Béatrice Abouo Adepo-Gourene
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Disturbed Environment

The growth and size at first sexual maturity of the species Ethmalosa fimbriata were studied in two sites in the Ebrié lagoon: Bietri, a highly anthropized environment and Vitré 2, a reference site. Growth parameters estimated from size frequencies showed that growth in both size and weight was faster in females than in males regardless of habitat. On the other hand, specimens from Biétri bay have a slower growth rate than those from Vitré 2. In Bietri bay, individuals are characterized by early sexual maturity. They reach sexual maturity at the age of 0.55 years (about 7 months), corresponding to a size of 6.13 cm for males and 8.42 cm for females; whereas in Vitré 2, they reach sexual maturity at the age of 0.82 years (about 10 months) corresponding to a size of 10.22 cm and 12.94 cm for males and females respectively. These results show that in a highly antropic environment, the growth of Ethmalosa fimbriata is affected and individuals reproduce earlier.

Polysomal organization in growing and resting cultures and its relation to protein synthesis in Tetrahymena

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
P. Isberner ◽  
G. Cleffmann
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Resting Cells ◽  
Amino Acid Incorporation ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Acid Incorporation ◽  
Other Hand

Cytosol from Tetrahymena cells growing at different rates was isolated and separated by centrifugation into polysomal and non-polysomal fractions. The RNAs of either fraction were separated chromatographically into poly(A)+ RNA and poly(A)-RNA. It was found that in resting cultures the total RNA per cell is only about half of that of rapidly growing cultures. All fractions of RNA were reduced proportionally. Thus, the percentage of polysomally bound total RNA (70% of cytosol RNA) and polysomally bound poly(A)+ RNA (72% of cytosol poly(A)+ RNA) is the same in growing and resting cultures. Differences, however, were found in the polysomal structure. Polysomes from resting cultures contained significantly fewer ribosomes. The amounts of RNA bound to polysomes were related to the rate of protein synthesis under different growth conditions. The decrease in cellular RNA corresponded well with the reduction in amino acid incorporation in resting cells. The rate of protein accumulation in resting cells, on the other hand, was considerably less, suggesting that polypeptides in resting cultures are less stable.

Island Formation of SiC Film on Striated Si(001) Substrates

2008 ◽  
Vol 600-603 ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimine Kato ◽  
Kazuo Sakumoto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Film Growth ◽  
Nucleation Site ◽  
The Other ◽  
Film Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Nucleation ◽  
Site Density ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sic Film ◽  
Nucleation Site Density

SiC growth on as-received and striated Si(001) substrates was studied. SiC films were grown by pulsed-jet chemical vapor deposition using monomethylsilane as a gas source at 780°C. Two kinds of Si surfaces were prepared. One was an as-received Si(001) surface and the other was an striated (scratched) Si(001) surface. It was found that nucleation rate of SiC is quite different between these two kinds of surfaces. The film growth rate was very low for the as-received Si(001) surface compared with the striated surface, and after 8 hours of growth hardly any film was grown and only square-shaped islands were observed. On the other hand, for the undulant substrate about 100nm thick 3C-SiC film was grown after 8 hours of deposition. This film growth rate difference appears to be due to the difference in density of nucleation sites. For the as-received Si(001) surface, nucleation site density appears to be quite small due to the atomically flat surface. On the other hand, for the undulant surface, nucleation site density was large enough for the film to grow faster.

Mung Bean Germination and Three Different Food Waste Composting Processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 1135-1139
Author(s):  
Kun Liao Chen ◽  
Jian Liang Chen ◽  
Yun Hwei Shen ◽  
Wun Jiun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Ideal Situation

This study utilized three different compost production methods, the conventional aerated system (CAS), the anaerobic barrel system (ABS), and the rapid-disposal machine (RDM), and observed the related mung bean germination rates, which are indicators that assess the maturity and quality of compost. All three production methods used the same kitchen waste, and reached maturity after 24 days, 60 days and 5 days, respectively. Mung beans were then seeded to test their germination rates. The results showed that by the fifth day, RDM had the best germination rate, followed by the CAS and ABS. However, the former method had a poor root growth, while the other two had ideal situation root growth conditions. After another five days passed, the roots of the beans grown in the RDM compost started to turn black. At the seventh day, the RDM beans all decomposed. However, the young roots of the beans grown in CAS and ABS compost did not suffer in this way.

scholarly journals Development of a Nutrient Medium for the Growth of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Roots by tTissue Culture

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 756E-757
Author(s):  
Yousef I. Dlaigen ◽  
A. E. Said ◽  
M.A. El-Hamady
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Adenine Sulfate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Significant Difference

Several experiments were conducted in this investigation with the objective of determining the chemical components and the physical state of an optimal medium for the growth and elongation of excised date palm, cv Sukkari, roots. The chemical tests carried out included: Comparison of (MS)-salts with “White's”-salts mixture and different concentrations of (MS)-salts and its chelated iron; sugars; Modified White's Organics; inositol; adenine sulfate; growth regulators; and some antioxidants. The physical tests, on the other hand, included comparison of the growth and elongation of cultured roots in a liquid or on solidified nutrient media. The effects of various pH values were also tested. Roots were cultured in basal nutrient media composed of: (MS)-salts mixture, and (in mg·liter–1): NaH2PO4·H2O, 170; sucrose, 30,000; inositol, 200; Modified White's Organics; adenine sulfate, 120; activated charcoal, 1500; (2,4-D), 1; kinetin, 2. pH was adjusted at 5.7 ± 01. (MS)-salts mixture was found to be superior to “White's”-salts. No significant difference was observed between (1/2MS) and full-strength (MS)-salts. However, twice the concentration was found to be inhibitory. The normal concentration of (MS)-Fe was found to be optimum for root growth and elongation. The optimal concentration most suitable for the growth and elongation of excised date palm roots has been determined for each of: sugars; Modified White's Organics; inositol; and adenine sulfate. The only growth regulator that needs to be added to the nutrient medium is 2,4-D at 0.1–1.0 mg·liter–1. The study showed the importance of the inclusion of activated charcoal to the nutrient medium. The growth and elongation of roots were both stimulated at all concentrations tested. (PVP), on the other hand, was inhibitory at all concentrations tested. Shaken liquid media was recommended for better root growth and elongation at pH 7.0–8.0. Incidentally, the medium developed was found to support the growth and elongation of roots excised from two other cultivars, namely `Khudri' and `Khaias'.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC LAFFER CURVES AND POPULATION GROWTH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Waqas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Budget Constraint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Intertemporal Budget Constraint ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Opposing Effects

This paper extends the model of Ireland (1994) by incorporating population growth in examining the dynamic effects of a tax cut on the government’s intertemporal budget constraint. A tax cut has two opposing effects. First, it increases the growth rate of the economy and, thus, increases the size of the tax base and tax revenues in the future. On the other hand, a reduction in the tax rate leads to a decrease in revenues in the short run. A dynamic Laffer curve effect arises if a decrease in tax revenue can be counter-balanced by a future increase in tax revenue to ensure that the government’s intertemporal budget constraint is not violated. Similarly, population growth has two opposing effects. A high population growth decreases the per capita growth rate of the economy. On the other hand, a larger population represents a larger tax base and, therefore, makes it easier for a government to finance a budget deficit. Relative to the simulation results in Ireland (1994), our simulations indicate that incorporating population growth into his model implies that the dynamic effect of a given tax cut worsens the government’s long-run fiscal outlook.

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