scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilization Management for Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 592f-593
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Shaw ◽  
George J. Hochmuth ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Ed A. Hanlon
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Leaf N

`Camelot' bell pepper was grown in a N fertigation study on sandy soil using polyethylene-mulched and fumigated beds. Portions of N (0%, 33%, 67%, 100% of total season N) were applied at bed formation. The remaining N was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system. Total N application treatments were 64, 128, 192, and 256 kg·ha–1. Early and total-season marketable fruit yields increased linearly with N rate. Preplant fertilizer proportion did not influence early yields, but late and total-season marketable fruit yields decreased linearly as preplant fertilizer proportion increased. Petiole sap NO3-N concentration increased with increasing N rates, but decreased linearly as preplant fertilizer proportion increased. Petiole sap NO3-N concentrations fell below critical levels for all N rates and preplant fertilizer proportions early in the season. Whole-leaf N concentrations were higher than critical values (>40 g·kg–1) throughout the season. Preplant fertilizer proportion had a significant linear effect on whole-leaf N concentrations for all sampling periods. Petiole sap was better correlated to yield data than whole-leaf N.

Diagnostic nitrogen concentrations for tomatoes grown in sand culture

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
G Rose
Keyword(s):  
Critical Values ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
N Status ◽  
Leaf N

The tomato cv. Flora-Dade was grown in sand culture with 4 nitrogen (N) levels of 1.07-32.14 mmol L-1 applied as nitrate each day in a complete nutrient solution. The youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL) and remaining (bulked) leaves were harvested at regular intervals over the 16-week growth period. Standard laboratory leaf total and nitrate N determinations were conducted in addition to rapid nitrate determinations on YFOL petiole sap. The relationships between plant growth and leaf N concentration, which were significantly affected by N application level, were used to derive diagnostic leaf N concentrations. Critical and adequate concentrations in petiole sap of nitrate-N, leaf nitrate-N and total N for the YFOL and bulked leaf N were determined from the relationship between growth rate relative to maximum at each sampling time and leaf N concentration. YFOL petiole sap nitrate-N concentration, which can be measured rapidly in the field by using commercial test strips, gave the most sensitive guide to plant N status. Critical values of 770-1 120 mg L-I were determined over the 10-week period after transplanting (first mature fruit). YFOL (leaf + petiole) total N concentration was the most consistent indicator of plant N status where critical values of4.45-4.90% were recorded over the 4- 12 week period after transplanting (early harvests at 12 weeks). This test was less sensitive but more precise than the petiole sap nitrate test. The concentrations of N, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in YFOL and bulked leaf corresponding to the N treatments producing maximum growth rates are presented, because nutrient supply was close to optimum and the leaf nutrient concentrations can be considered as adequate levels.

Effects of rate, source and distribution method of nitrogen fertilizer on seed potato production

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Baker ◽  
R. Ben Yehuda ◽  
U. Kafkafi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Potato ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Potato Production ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Total N ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
N Rates ◽  
K Fertilization

Seed potatoes are grown on the high plateaux of northern Israel where it is cool enough for a summer crop. The seed are used for winter production of ware potatoes in southern Israel. Irrigation is essential because of the arid summers. It is customary to apply much of the N fertilizer through the irrigation system in numerous small doses. Total N rates have ranged between 300 and 400 kg/ha. In 1975 various aspects of N, P, K fertilization for seed potato (Solanum tuberosum L., var. Up-To-Date) production were examined. There were no responses to P or K fertilizers so only the N fertilizer responses are reported here.

scholarly journals YIELDS AND PETIOLE SAP POTASSIUM CONCENTRATIONS OF TOMATOES GROWN WITH FIVE POTASSIUM FERTIGATION LEVELS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1066d-1066
Author(s):  
S.A. Riede ◽  
R.R. Coltman
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Irrigation Waters ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
K Fertilization

`Celebrity' tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown in peat-perlite under greenhouse conditions with five potassium (K) fertilization concentrations of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 300 (mg/liter) K in irrigation waters. Petiole sap K concentrations were monitored on a weekly basis with calorimetric paper test strips. Petiole sap K concentrations (ug/ml) were stable throughout crop development at each feed concentration. Total and marketable fruit yields increased linearly with increasing petiole sap K concentrations. However, the relationship between petiole sap K) concentrations and K levels in the irrigation waters was quadratic with a plataeu occuring at about 200 mg K/liter in the irrigation waters. Corresponding maximum sap K concentrations obtained were about 6200 ug K/ml. Yield responded quadratically to increasing K levels in the irrigation system, with maximum yields occuring at about 200 mg K/liter. Fruit yields appeared to decline as feed concentrations were increased beyond 200 mg K/liter. At optimum feed concentrations, maximum marketable yield of about 2.6 kg/plant were obtained on plants grown 21 weeks from seed.

scholarly journals Bell Pepper Yield as Influenced by Plant Spacing and Row Arrangement

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 899-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvadore J. Locascio ◽  
William M. Stall
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Polyethylene Mulch ◽  
Lower Plant

Studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of plant spacing, row arrangement, and N rate on bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit production. Peppers were grown on a recently cleared sandy soil on raised polyethylene mulch beds during 2 years with one and two plant rows on 1.22-m beds and two and three plant rows on 1.83-m beds with two in-row plant spacings and two N rates. Marketable fruit production was similar during the 2 years. Yields per plant were 30% greater with a 0.31- than a 0.23-m in-row plant spacing. Even with the 33.3% larger number of plants per ha with the latter in-row spacing, yields per ha were similar with both in-row spacings. Yields per plant also varied with bed arrangement and were 50% greater with one row/1.22-m bed than with two rows/1.22-m bed or three rows/1.83-m bed. Plant populations were double with the two latter arrangements (53,818 plants/ha) than the former (25,909 plant/ha) arrangement with a 0.31-m in-row spacing. Thus, total yields were significantly greater with row arrangements with higher than lower plant populations. With three rows/1.83-m bed, the marketable fruit yields per plant were 19% lower for plants grown on the inside plant row than from plants grown on the outside plant rows. Leaf tissue N concentrations were higher during the season with 224 than with 135 kg N/ha, but yield was not influenced by N rate.

scholarly journals Potassium Fertigation Requirements of Drip-irrigated Strawberry

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl E. Albregts ◽  
George J. Hochnmth ◽  
Craig K. Chandler ◽  
John Cornell ◽  
Jay Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
K Fertilization

`Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in 1991-92 and `Oso Grande' and `Seascape' in 1992-93 were grown in a K fertilization study using polyethylene-mulched and fumigated beds. Potassium was injected weekly into the drip irrigation system at 0.28,0.56,0.84, 1.12, and 1.40 kg K/ha per day. Early, March, and total-season marketable fruit yields were not affected by K rate during either season. The average fruit weight of `Oso Grande' for the early, March, and total-season harvest periods in the 1992-93 season decreased with increased K rate. For the same harvest periods, `Seascape' average fruit weight increased, decreased, and did not change, respectively, with increased K rate. Cull fruit yield during both seasons and fruit firmness during the 1992-93 season were not affected by K rate. Petiole sap, whole leaf, and leaf blade K concentrations increased with increasing K rates on most sampling dates during both seasons. `Oso Grande' and `Sweet Charlie' produced similar total marketable fruit yields the first season, but `Oso Grande' produced higher total yields than `Seascape' during all harvest periods of the second season.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates can be Lowered without Compromising Cotton Yield under Drip Irrigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 709-714
Author(s):  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Drip Irrigation System ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Xinjiang Of China

The effects of reducing N fertilizer use on soil NO3--N content and cotton yield were studied through a three-year (2015 to 2017) field experiment in South Xinjiang of China. Cotton was sown under drip irrigation system using five N fertilizer reduction treatments as: conventional N application rate (N100), N application rate reduced by 16.67% (N-16.67), 33.33% (N-33.33), 50% (N-50), and 100% (N-100). The data were recorded for changes in soil NO3--N content, and the SPAD value of cotton leaves was recorded at the peak bolling stage. The total N content of the plant was recorded at the boll formation stage, while yield was recorded at maturity. The results revealed that the soil NO3--N content in N-16.67, N-33.33, N-50, and N-100 treatments decreased by 10.8, 45.5, 60.7 and 72.3% compared to N100 treatment, respectively. The SPAD values of N-16.67 and N-33.33 treatments were significantly higher than those of N100 treatment, while the SPAD values of N-50 and N-100 treatments were significantly decreased. The total N content of cotton was significantly decreased with the increase in the proportion of N fertilizer reduced. The seed cotton yield in N-16.67 and N-33.33 treatments increased by 9.2 and 7.9% compared to the N100 treatment, respectively. However, the cotton yield decreased significantly when the N application rate was reduced by 50 and 100%. The relationship between the N fertilizer reduction rate and cotton yield suggested that the N application rate can be reduced by 18.47–45.50% without compromising the cotton yield in South Xinjiang of China. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

scholarly journals Effect of Trickle Irrigation, Nitrogen Rate, and Method of Application on Field-grown ‘Compacta’ Japanese Holly

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
D.J. Eakes ◽  
C.H. Gilliam ◽  
H.G. Ponder ◽  
C.E. Evans ◽  
M.E. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Trickle Irrigation ◽  
Fibrous Root ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
Percent Survival ◽  
Application Methods ◽  
N Rates

Abstract Three methods of N application and 4 N rates of 34, 67, 134, and 268 kg/ha (30,60 120, and 240 lbs/A) were evaluated on field-grown ‘Compacta’ Japanese holly (Ilex crenata Thunb. ‘Compacta’). Fertilizer application methods consisted of NH4NO3 broadcast over trickle irrigated and non-irrigated plants, and injection of NH4NO3 through the trickle irrigation system. Irrigation regardless of whether N was surface applied or injected through the system, increased root and shoot dry weights, plant size, visual ratings, and percent survival. Irrigated plants had a more fibrous root system. N rate had no affect on root or shoot dry weights, root distribution, visual ratings, or percent survival.

Determination of critical nitrogen concentrations of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Sebago) grown in sand culture

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
DO Huett ◽  
E White
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
N Application ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Nitrate Concentrations ◽  
Petiole Sap ◽  
Leaf Nitrate

A gamma x cubic response surface model was used to predict the dry matter yield of potato cv. Sebago over the 12-week growth period in sand culture with nitrogen (N) levels of 2, 7, 14, 29 and 43 mmol N/L. At each 2-week sampling period after emergence, dry matter yield relative to maximum was plotted against tissue N concentration to derive diagnostic petiole, petiole sap, leaf nitrate-N and leaf total N in youngest fully opened leaf (YFOL), youngest fully expanded leaf (YFEL) and oldest green leaf (OL) and for total N in bulked leaves. Critical concentrations corresponding to 90% maximum yield are presented. Tissue nitrate was much more responsive than leaf total N to applied N over the 2-14 mmol/L range where positive growth responses to N were recorded. Plants grown with 2 mmol N/L were severely N deficient and growth was depressed. Tissue nitrate concentrations in these plants from 4 weeks after emergence onwards were negligible, while leaf total N concentrations exceeded 2.36%. Salt toxicity occurred at 29 and 43 mmol NIL, and it sometimes reduced tissue N concentrations so that adequacy and toxicity concentrations overlapped. Critical tissue N concentrations declined over the growth period, the largest decline occurring for nitrate. Critical tissue N concentrations for YFEL, from 2 weeks after emergence to final harvest were: petiole sap nitrate-N, 1.2-0.2 g/L; petiole nitrate-N, 2.1-0.1%; leaf nitrate-N, 0.44-0.08%. Critical tissue nitrate concentrations clearly differentiated between inadequate and adequate N application levels. Critical leaf total N concentrations only differentiated between inadequate and marginal N application rates, except for OL when inadequate and marginally adequate (80-90% maximum yield) concentrations were not different (P>0.05). Nitrogen application level affected (P<0.05) leaf potassium, phosphorus, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur concentrations. The largest effects were recorded for Ca and Mg where increasing N application level reduced leaf nutrient concentration. Petiole sap nitrate concentrations can be used as a rapid field test for distinguishing between a deficient and an adequate N supply. Where concentrations exceed critical values, they can be interpreted as such because N fertiliser toxicity rarely occurs under field conditions.

scholarly journals An Irrigation Scheduling Model for Summer Squash

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doyle A. Smittle ◽  
W. Lamar Dickens ◽  
M. Jane Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Water Application ◽  
Scheduling Model ◽  
Summer Squash ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Nitrogen Rates

An irrigation scheduling model for summer squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) was developed and validated during 1986, 1987, and 1989. The model is represented by the equation: 12.7(i - 4) × 0.5ASW = Di-1 + [E(0.14 + 0.015) - P - I]i, where crop age in days is i; effective root depth is 12.7(i - 4) with a maximum of 381 mm; usable water (cubic millimeter per cubic millimeter of soil) is 0.5ASW, deficit on the previous day is Di-1; evapotranspiration is pan evaporation (E) times 0.14 + 0.015i; rainfall (in millimeters) is P; and irrigation (in millimeters) is I. The model was validated during the three years using a line-source irrigation system with irrigation depths ranging from 5% to 160% of the model rates. Nitrogen rates were 50%, 100%, and 150% of the recommended rate. Marketable fruit yields increased as the irrigation depths increased up to the model rate then decreased with greater water application depths. Marketable fruit yields increased as the N rate increased in 1987 and 1989, but yields were similar at all N rates in 1986. The shelf life of marketable fruits was not influenced by irrigation or N rates.

scholarly journals In-row Distances and Nitrogen Fertilization Programs for ‘Tasti-Lee’ Specialty Tomato

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-584
Author(s):  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
Maricruz Ramírez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Total N ◽  
Marketable Fruit ◽  
N Rates

‘Tasti-Lee’™ (‘Fla. 8153’) is the first tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) released in Florida exclusively for the premium specialty market, with characteristic superior flavor and elevated lycopene concentration. Research was conducted to determine the appropriate nitrogen (N) fertilization and in-row distances for ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato and thus improving the opportunities for successful adoption for this cultivar. Three N fertilization programs and two in-row distances were tested. Total N rates (204, 239, and 274 lb/acre) were the result of the combination of 50 lb/acre of N during prebedding plus each of the following drip-applied N fertilization programs: 1) 1.5 and 2.0 lb/acre per day from 1 to 4 weeks after transplanting (WAT) and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively; 2) 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT; and 3) 1.5, 2.5, and 3.0 lb/acre per day during 1 to 2 WAT, 3 to 4 WAT, and 5 to 12 WAT, respectively. In-row distances were 18 or 24 inches between plants, providing 5808 and 4356 plants/acre. Early and total marketable yields of ‘Tasti-Lee’ tomato were influenced by in-row distances and N fertilization programs, but not by their interaction. The highest early marketable fruit yield was found in plots treated with the highest N rate among fertilization programs (+6%), and in plots planted 18 inches apart (+7%) in comparison with the lowest N rate and the 24-inch spacing. Tomato plots treated with the highest N rate (274 lb/acre) resulted in the largest total marketable yield (+8%). Among the in-row distances, when plants were transplanted 18 inches apart, tomato total marketable yield increased by 18% compared with 24 inches between plants.

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